退火温度对不同成分高硅电工钢组织及性能的影响

通过观察不同温度退火后钢的金相组织,测量了晶粒的大小和铁损。通过对比添加和未添加合金元素的金相组织,研究了合金元素对高硅钢组织及性能的影响。结果表明:随退火温度的升高,试样的晶粒明显增大,而且更加均匀,经1100℃退火后试样的晶粒均为等轴状;当退火温度低于1050℃时,随着退火温度的升高,材料晶粒尺寸变大,矫顽力和磁滞损耗降低,导致铁损降低;当退火温度高于1050℃时,材料的涡流损耗的增大幅度大于磁滞损耗的减少量,使得铁损上升;合金元素Cu、Cr和Cu、Mn的复合添加能够细化晶粒,但会导致磁滞损耗增加,使铁损升高。     

含Nb或Cu的锆合金显微组织研究

用TEM和SEM研究了含少量Nb或Cu的锆合金显微组织,结果表明:在微量Fe元素存在时,添加适量Cu元素,会促使低于α-Zr中平衡固溶含量的Nb元素与Fe元素优先析出形成沉淀相,致使α-Zr中Nb的固溶含量更低;若增加Cu元素含量,因Zr_2Cu第二相富集消耗了Fe元素,反而使Nb元素不易析出。在Zr-1.0Cu合金中加入适量的Nb元素,可以细化Zr_2Cu第二相的尺寸,促使其分布更加均匀。在大量Nb稳定的β-Zr第二相存在的情况下,添加的少量Cu会富集在β-Zr第二相中,而不会以Zr_2Cu第二相形式析出。     

加工工艺对Zr-1Nb-0.01Cu合金第二相粒子析出行为的影响（英文）

系统地研究了不同加工工艺对Zr-1Nb-0.01Cu合金第二相粒子析出行为的影响。结果表明,随着冷轧和退火次数减少、中间退火温度和最终退火温度降低与时间的缩短,第二相粒子的平均晶粒尺寸在减小。在温度高于640℃的中间退火过程中形成的β-Zr相在最终的退火过程中很难完全分解。由于Ostwald熟化效应,最终退火时间的延长会导致合金中尺寸较小的第二相粒子通过原子扩散合并成尺寸较大的第二相粒子。与其它加工工艺相比,降低中间退火温度在减小第二相粒子尺寸方面更为有效。通过低温中间/最终退火(≤520℃)或缩短退火时间(≤2 h)可获得平均晶粒尺寸小于50 nm的第二相粒子。研究结果对调控Zr-Nb系合金第二相粒子的析出行为具有重要意义。     

热处理对锆铌钇合金氧化腐蚀性能的影响

在400℃,10 MPa的高热水蒸气釜中研究了退火后的Zr-1.0Nb-xY(x=0、0.1、0.4、0.7、1.0wt%)合金的氧化腐蚀性能。结果表明,退火后锆铌钇合金的耐腐蚀性能随钇含量的增加而降低。合金显微组织的SEM和EDS分析表明,合金元素钇在合金中以析出相的形式存在。研究表明,固溶在合金基体中的钇元素能够增强合金的耐腐蚀性能,而析出的钇元素则会导致纳米孔的形成,不利于锆铌钇合金的耐腐蚀性能。     

加工工艺对Zr-1Nb-0.01Cu合金第二相粒子析出行为的影响

本文系统地研究了不同加工工艺对Zr-1Nb-0.01Cu合金第二相粒子析出行为的影响。研究结果表明,随着冷轧和退火次数、中间退火温度和最终退火温度与时间的降低,第二相粒子的平均晶粒尺寸在减小。在温度高于640°C的中间退火过程中形成的β-Zr相在最终的退火过程中很难完全分解。由于Ostwald熟化效应,最终退火时间的延长会导致合金中尺寸较小的第二相粒子通过原子扩散合并成尺寸较大的第二相粒子。与其它加工工艺相比,降低中间退火温度在减小第二相粒子的尺寸方面更为有效。通过低温中间/最终退火（≤520°C）或者缩短退火时间（≤2h）可以获得平均晶粒尺寸小于50nm的第二相粒子。研究结果对调控Zr-Nb系合金第二相粒子的析出行为具有重要意义。     

WC-Co-Ni硬质合金热扩散率的研究

本文研究了配碳量、粘结相中镍含量和温度对WC－Co－Ni硬质合会热扩散事的影响。结果表明，合金的热扩散率随配碳量、粘结相中谋含量增加而增加，随温度升高而降低．     

Zr-Nb合金的吸氢性能与相变行为

通过PCT(pressure-composition-temperature)吸氢性能实验研究了温度(700~900℃)和Nb含量(1%~30%,质量分数)对Zr-Nb合金吸氢性能的影响。结果表明,温度的变化对β-Zr相和δ氢化锆相的两相平衡有较大影响,β-Zr相较δ氢化锆相的高温稳定性更强。Nb的添加降低了体系与H结合的稳定性,随着Nb含量的增加,合金的最大吸氢量明显减少。相同温度条件下,β-Zr相和δ氢化锆相两相平台所对应的平衡氢分压随Nb含量增加而升高。Nb降低合金最大吸氢量的主要原因是高氢含量的δ相NbH2氢化物在低压下不能稳定存在。     

退火工艺对激光立体成形TC21钛合金组织和性能的影响

利用BLT-C1000型激光立体成形设备制备了TC21钛合金块体,并对其分别进行了单级和双级退火处理,研究了单级和双级退火工艺对合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,激光立体成形TC21钛合金的沉积态组织主要为网篮状组织。单级退火温度影响初生α相板条尺寸,低于550 ℃退火时,初生α相板条长度和宽度变化较小,高于650 ℃退火时初生α相板条长度明显增加,宽度略微降低。屈服强度和抗拉强度随退火温度升高而降低,断后伸长率和断面收缩率随退火温度升高而增大。双级退火时随第一级退火温度升高,初生α相含量降低,随着第二级退火温度的升高,次生α相尺寸增加。综合考虑,双级退火时宜选择870~900 ℃的第一级退火温度和560 ℃的第二级退火温度。     

Ni含量对Co-8.8Al-9.8W合金相影响的热力学

为了研究Ni元素对新型钴基高温合金析出相的影响,基于JMatPro热力学模拟计算软件对不同Ni含量下Co-8.8Al-9.8W合金(摩尔分数,%)中平衡相析出的热力学行为进行研究。结果表明:随着Ni含量的增加,合金中γ相的析出温度有降低趋势,析出量减少;与0Ni合金相比,25Ni合金γ相析出温度降低了11.63℃,600℃时35Ni合金γ相的析出量较0Ni合金的减少了20.63%。μ-Co7W6相的析出温度升高;与0Ni合金相比,35Ni合金析出温度升高303.73℃,η-Co_3Al相则会消失,而γ′相的析出温度升高,析出量增加;与5Ni合金相比,35Ni合金γ′相析出温度升高392.85℃,600℃时35Ni合金析出量较0Ni合金的增加40.9%。从Ni对平衡相中各元素的影响以及各物相的析出角度来看,随着Ni含量的增加,当γ相析出时固相和液相中各元素的含量相差越来越多,要满足γ相的析出和长大,只有通过降低温度或增加过冷度来实现。从而导致γ相的含量越来越少,析出温度也越来越低。合金中加入的Ni元素以形成γ′相的形式抑制η-Co_3Al相的形成与生长,从而导致η相最后消失。从γ相中析出的W和Al元素分别为μ-Co_7W_6和η-Co_3Al提供形核及生长的条件,但η-Co_3Al相消失以后,从γ相中析出的Al和Ni元素却为γ′相的生成提供了条件,γ′相开始形成并增加。     

退火处理对3A21铝合金组织和性能的影响

研究了退火处理对3A21铝合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,退火温度越高,铝合金组织分布越均匀,第二相粒子析出越多。随着退火温度的升高,铝合金抗拉强度降低,伸长率增加,在退火温度500℃、退火时间90 min后,伸长率达到35.6%。退火时间越长,铝合金组织分布越均匀。合金抗拉强度随退火时间增加而降低,伸长率随退火时间增加而增加。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.