三价铬脉冲电沉积纳米晶Ni-Cr合金工艺

采用脉冲电沉积方法对三价铬电沉积Ni-Cr合金镀层工艺进行研究,确定并优化三价铬脉冲电沉积Ni-Cr合金的最佳镀液配方及工艺参数。研究镀液中各成分及工艺参数对三价铬脉冲电沉积Ni-Cr合金厚度及合金镀层中铬的影响,利用扫描电镜和电子能谱分析Ni-Cr合金镀层的形貌、微观结构和化学组成。结果表明,镀层厚度和Ni-Cr合金中铬含量在不同浓度的络合剂、稳定剂、乙酸钠及不同的电流密度、温度、pH值、占空比和脉冲频率下都存在极大值,且Ni-Cr合金厚度随合金中铬含量的增加而减少。当铬含量为24%时,镀层的厚度大于10μm,无裂纹,其晶粒为纳米球状晶粒。     

工艺参数及稳定剂抗坏血酸对电沉积NiFeW合金的影响

为获得性能良好的镍铁钨合金镀层,研究了镀液pH 值、温度、电流密度、稳定剂抗坏血酸浓度对镍铁钨合金镀层成分和镀层沉积速率、显微硬度的影响。结果表明: 镀液pH 值对镀层W含量和镀层沉积速率影响较大;镀液温度对镀层沉积速率、镀层成分和镀层硬度影响均较大;随抗坏血酸浓度增加,镀层沉积速率逐渐降低,镀层表面形貌更加粗糙。在镀液pH = 4,温度60 ℃,电流密度4 A/dm2,抗坏血酸浓度3 g /L 时,镀层沉积速率和镀层的显微硬度较高,表面光亮致密,耐蚀性好。     

Cr-α-Al_2O_3复合电沉积工艺

在三价铬电沉积工艺基础上制备了Cr-α-Al2O3复合镀层。探讨了镀液中Al2O3粒子浓度、搅拌速率、温度等对复合镀层厚度、微粒复合量的影响,并对镀层的微观形貌、结合力、耐腐蚀性能等进行了检测。结果表明:复合镀层与基体结合良好,随Al2O3颗粒浓度的增加,复合镀层厚度及复合量都是呈先增后减的规律;搅拌速率对镀层厚度影响较小,复合量存在极值,转速达220 r/min时,颗粒复合量最多;温度的上升使得镀层厚度及复合量呈下降趋势。与单金属铬镀层相比,Cr-α-Al2O3复合镀层的裂纹明显细化。在耐腐蚀测试中,Cr-α-Al2O3复合镀层在NaCl介质中耐蚀性最好,在NaHCO3中次之,在H2SO4中最差。     

工艺参数及稳定剂抗坏血酸对电沉积NiFeW合金镀层的影响（英文）

为获得性能良好的镍铁钨合金镀层,研究了镀液pH值、温度、电流密度、稳定剂抗坏血酸浓度对镍铁钨合金镀层成分和镀层沉积速率、显微硬度的影响。结果表明:镀液pH值对镀层W含量和镀层沉积速率影响较大;镀液温度对镀层沉积速率、镀层成分和镀层硬度影响均较大;随抗坏血酸浓度增加,镀层沉积速率逐渐降低,镀层表面形貌更加粗糙。在镀液pH=4,温度60℃,电流密度4A/dm~2,抗坏血酸浓度3 g/L时,镀层沉积速率和镀层的显微硬度较高,表面光亮致密,耐蚀性好。     

脉冲电沉积纳米晶铁-镍-铬合金箔工艺与性能研究

采用脉冲电沉积方法从含三价铬镀液中制备出铁-镍-铬合金箔,通过正交试验优化工艺条件,探究了配位剂和温度对合金箔成分的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)对合金箔进行表征,并对合金箔的电性能、力学性能和抗腐蚀性进行研究,采用电化学手段对合金电沉积机理进行初探。获得最优工艺为:CrCl3·6H2O50g·L-1,电流密度16A·dm-2,周期100ms,占空比0.3,温度60℃,pH1～1.5,沉积45min可获得厚度为20～30μm的合金箔,此合金箔成分质量分数为:(62～67)%Fe、(30～33)%Ni和(3～5)%Cr。电沉积Fe-Ni-Cr合金箔微观为紧密堆砌的球形,无微裂纹,晶粒尺寸在纳米范围内,主相结构为Cr与α-Fe或γ-Fe形成的固溶体,当Cr含量4%,基体主要为γ-Fe;最佳工艺条件下获得的合金箔电阻率为68.66×10-6A·cm,具有良好的电性能;显微硬度为5819MPa(HV);在3.5%NaCl中腐蚀电流密度仅为1.685×10-6A·cm-2,抗腐蚀性优良;配位剂的加入使得铁、镍、铬的合金沉积电位接近,合金沉积变为可能。     

ChCl-EG中铜锡合金的电沉积行为及耐蚀性研究

目的 研究氯化胆碱-乙二醇低共熔溶剂中进行不同浓度比例下的铜锡合金电沉积的电化学行为及镀层微观形貌、相组成、耐蚀性能.方法 使用阴极极化曲线对铜锡合金还原行为进行研究,使用扫描电子显微镜以及X射线衍射仪等研究电极电位对银镀层微观形貌的影响及银镀层的相组成,同时采用EDS分析铜锡合金镀层的元素组成.使用极化曲线对铜锡合金镀层的耐蚀性能进行研究分析.结果 在?0.95 V电位时,铜锡发生共沉积.在该电位下,铜以合金形式存在,而锡以合金和单质的形式存在.不同金属离子含量的电沉积体系得到不同成分的镀层.镀液中的铜锡含量明确影响镀层中的铜锡含量,当镀液中铜或锡含量偏高时,镀层质量更好.在ChCl-EG低共熔溶剂中,当CuCl2·2H2O与SnCl2·2H2O的含量(mol/L)分别为0.192:0.048、0.192:0.192、0.048:0.192时,得到的镀层的相组成分别为β-Cu5.6Sn、η-Cu6Sn5+β-Cu5.6Sn、η-Cu6Sn5.结论 随着镀液中锡含量不断增多,其相组成由 β-Cu5.6Sn相向 η-Cu6Sn5相发生转变,并且在沉积层中出现了锡相.镀液中铜或锡含量偏高时,镀层质量反而更好.耐蚀性测试显示镀液中Sn含量为84.2％时,镀层腐蚀速率最小,镀层的耐蚀性最优.     

化学镀Ni-Co-P合金工艺对其镀层性能的影响

为了改善化学镀Ni-Co-P合金工艺存在的镀速慢、镀层腐蚀性能差等问题,研究了镀液组分、pH值、温度、转速、表面活性剂、稳定剂对化学镀Ni-Co-P合金镀层沉积速度、腐蚀速度、腐蚀电位、镀层厚度、点蚀率、表面形貌、硬度和镀层结合力的影响,得出最佳镀液配方和工艺:CoSO414 g/L;NiSO49 g/L;NaH2PO218 g/L;Na3C6H5O750 g/L;(NH4)2SO460 g/L;KIO38 mg/L;十二烷基苯磺酸钠50 mg/L;pH值9.0;温度80℃;转速60 r/min。     

工艺参数对连续碳纤维表面电磁搅拌化学镀镍的影响

目的解决连续碳纤维在镀覆过程中易出现黑心现象以及无法完全浸泡于镀液中的问题,制备镀层均匀的连续碳纤维镍镀层。方法引入外加电磁搅拌对连续碳纤维进行化学镀镍,研究了施镀时间、镀液温度、镀液pH值以及电磁搅拌转速对连续碳纤维表面微观形貌及镀层沉积速率的影响规律。结果当搅拌转速一定时,随着施镀时间、镀液温度、镀液pH值的不断增加,碳纤维表面镀层逐渐变得均匀完整,且镀层厚度逐渐增大。但当施镀时间超过20 min,镀液温度超过75℃,镀液pH值超过8时,镀层表面沉积了大量形状不一的胞状镍颗粒,形成粗糙的表面形貌。镀层的沉积速率随着镀液温度、镀液pH值的升高而增大。当搅拌转速由200 r/min增加到300 r/min时,镀层的沉积速率随着搅拌转速的增加而不断增大;当搅拌转速由300 r/min增加到400 r/min时,镀层的沉积速率随着搅拌转速的增加而不断减小。结论电磁搅拌辅助连续碳纤维化学镀镍的最佳施镀工艺参数为:施镀时间15~20 min,镀液温度75℃,镀液pH为8,搅拌转速200~250 r/min。采用此工艺参数能获得表面致密、均匀完整的镍镀层。     

三价铬超声-脉冲电沉积Ni-Cr/SiC纳米复合镀层

利用超声-脉冲复合电沉积法,在三价铬镀液体系中,添加羧酸盐-尿素配合剂和SiC纳米颗粒,制备了Ni-Cr/SiC纳米复合镀层。研究了超声-脉冲工艺参数对SiC纳米粒子复合量、铬含量以及镀层厚度的影响;利用电化学法分析了超声波对基质金属电沉积行为的影响。结果表明,超声-脉冲作用均有利于基质金属铬-镍的电沉积,从而提高镀层厚度及SiC与Cr的含量。利用SEM、XRD、和EDS分别对Ni-Cr/SiC纳米复合镀层的表面形貌、微观结构和相组成等进行表征。结果表明,采用该技术可制备厚度为21.2μm、SiC和Cr含量分别为3.8%和24.68%(质量分数)的Ni-Cr/SiC纳米复合镀层。磨损量和腐蚀曲线测试结果表明,SiC含量高的复合镀层,其耐磨性和耐蚀性更好。     

铝合金化学镀镍工艺研究

对6061铝合金化学施镀了Ni-P合金镀层.以硬度为考察指标正交优化了化学镀镍液,其优化配方为:NiSO4·6H2O 25g/L,NaH2PO2·H2O 25 g/L,CHCOONa·3H2O 20 g/L,C3H6O3(乳酸)20 g/L.探讨了十二烷基硫酸钠、温度、pH值对镀层性能的影响,研究结果表明:当质量浓度为...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.