Effect of nanoparticles on the anticorrosion and mechanical properties of epoxy coating

Homogeneous epoxy coatings containing nanoparticles of SiO₂, Zn, Fe₂O₃ and halloysite clay were successfully synthesized on steel substrates by room-temperature curing of a fully mixed epoxy slurry diluted by acetone. The surface morphology and mechanical properties of these coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The effect of incorporating various nanoparticles on the corrosion resistance of epoxy-coated steel was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical monitoring of the coated steel over 28 days of immersion in both 0.3 wt.% and 3 wt.% NaCl solutions suggested the beneficial role of nanoparticles in significantly improving the corrosion resistance of the coated steel, with the Fe₂O₃ and halloysite clay nanoparticles being the best. The SiO₂ nanoparticles were found to significantly improve the microstructure of the coating matrix and thus enhanced both the anticorrosive performance and Young's modulus of the epoxy coating. In addition to enhancing the coating barrier performance, at least another mechanism was at work to account for the role of the nanoparticles in improving the anticorrosive performance of these epoxy coatings.     

Assessment of graphene oxide/epoxy nanocomposite as corrosion resistance coating on carbon steel

Graphene and its derivatives are new materials with unique properties. In recent years, various studies about the nanocomposites based on graphene oxide (GO) have been carried out. However, the electrochemical properties of nanocomposite coatings based on GO materials have not been widely studied. In this study, GO/epoxy nanocomposite coatings were prepared by incorporation of different amounts of GO nanosheets into the epoxy matrix via mechanical agitation and sonication process. The dispersion of GO nanosheets in matrix was analysed by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared. The anticorrosive properties of these nanocomposite coatings were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. Results showed that the corrosion protection of coatings was improved by addition of GO into the coatings material. Furthermore, the best corrosion resistance was achieved in 0·25 wt-%GO/epoxy nanocomposite coatings.     

The effect of nanoporous silica aerogel on corrosion protection properties of epoxy coatings on carbon steel

In this paper, due to special properties of aerogels such as ultra-low density and hydrophobic nature of aerogels, this nanomaterial was used as anticorrosive pigments. Silica aerogel was dispersed in epoxy resin by using sonication method. The dispersion of nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The anticorrosive properties of these coatings were investigated by salt-spray and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods in a 3.5 wt % NaCl solution. Impedance parameters showed a decrease in coating resistance over immersion time. Results indicated that epoxy coatings containing nano silica aerogel could significantly increase the corrosion resistance of composite coatings compared to those of pure epoxy and the highest value was obtained for 0.5% aerogel nanocomposite coatings after 160 days immersion. Pull off adhesion test showed the highest value of adhesion was related to coating containing 0.5% aerogel. According to salt-spray methods, it was found that the best results were obtained with coatings containing 0.5 and 1 wt % of silica aerogel.     

Anticorrosive effectiveness of coatings with reduced content of Zn pigments in comparison with zinc-rich primers

ABSTRACT

Typically, an anticorrosive coating system for long-term protection consists of a primer, one or several intermediate coats, and a topcoat. In such systems, zinc-rich primers are often used as they ensure good adhesion to the substrate and protect it from corrosion. Such coatings are very highly pigmented, which sometimes leads to losses in cohesive strength and deterioration of mechanical properties. Furthermore, Zn is known to be harmful to the environment. In this work we present Zn primers with reduced Zn content and better protective properties than traditional zinc-rich primers. The formulations of different Zn pigments in the epoxy matrix were developed with the concentration of zinc particles reduced to about 50% in the dry coating. To evaluate the distribution of pigments scanning electron microscopy has been employed. The anticorrosive properties were tested using the salt spray test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of the coatings were also tested.     

Effect of electrolyte and monomer concentration on anticorrosive properties of poly(N-methylaniline) and poly(N-ethylaniline) coated mild steel

The electrosynthesis of poly(N-methylaniline) (PNMA) and poly(N-ethylaniline) (PNEA) coatings on mild steel in aqueous oxalic acid solutions was carried out by potentiodynamic synthesis technique. The effects of monomer and electrolyte concentrations on electrochemical growth of PNMA and PNEA coatings on mild steel substrates were investigated. Repassivation peak did not appear during electrosynthesis of PNMA and PNEA coatings from solutions containing 0.1 M monomer and 0.1 M electrolyte. The tests for corrosion protection of the polymer coated and uncoated mild steel substrates were done in 3% NaCl solutions by dc polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Corrosion tests revealed that PNMA and PNEA coatings exhibited effective anti-corrosive properties. The acidity of the polymerization solution was found to influence the anticorrosive behavior of the polymer coating.     

The mechanism of inhibition by zinc phosphate in an epoxy coating

Epoxy coatings containing different volume fractions of zinc phosphate have been successfully prepared and their inhibitive properties have been studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and immersion tests. The results show that zinc phosphate can improve the protection ability of epoxy coatings and its best volume fraction is 30%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicate that the presence of zinc phosphate can form an inhibiting film which is composed of the phosphating film of FePO₄, Fe₂O₃, and FeO, as well as the shielding film of zinc phosphate on the steel surface.     

Effect of quartz filler on epoxy coatings behavior

The effect of quartz (0–60 wt.%) on the mechanical, anticorrosive, and dielectric properties of pretreated steel coatings in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was studied by abrasion and impact resistance, pencil and Shore D hardness measurements, visual observations after salt spray tests, as well as by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and water permeability measurements. Results revealed that coatings with a quartz load up to 30% exhibit a noticeable improvement of their mechanical characteristics as well as better dielectric and anticorrosive behavior than that of pure epoxy coatings. Further increase of the quartz content results in a lower degree of their behavior improvement or even in their worsening, with the exception of the coatings’ surface hardness that increases with the increase of the quartz content.     

Polyaniline, polypyrrole and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as additives of organic coatings to prevent corrosion

The aim of this work is to compare the protection against corrosion imparted by different conducting polymers when these materials are used as anticorrosive additives in the formulation of conventional epoxy paints. Specifically, the polymers employed as anticorrosive additives are polyaniline emeraldine salt, polyaniline emeraldine base, polyaniline emeraldine salt composite with carbon black, polypyrrole composite with carbon black and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulphonate). Initially, the structural, thermal and mechanical properties of the unmodified epoxy paint as well as the modified coatings, obtained by the addition of 0.3 wt.% of conducting polymers, have been characterized. After this, controlled accelerated corrosion assays in an aggressive solution medium were developed using coated steel panels. Results indicate that the protection against corrosion imparted by the formulations modified by the addition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulphonate), polyaniline emeraldine salt and, especially, polyaniline emeraldine base is significantly higher than that of the unmodified paint. In contrast, the use of conducting polymer composite with carbon black reduces the efficacy of the coating. Results indicate that some conducting polymer compositions should be considered as a suitable alternative to replace inorganic anticorrosive pigments currently used in paint formulations.     

仿贻贝粘附蛋白聚合物的合成及其防腐机理研究

目的合成水性含多巴胺功能基团的仿贻贝粘附蛋白聚合物(PHEA-DOPA),研究在水性环氧涂层中的腐蚀防护机理。方法通过聚琥珀酰亚胺与乙醇胺和多巴胺的连续氨解反应,成功制备了PHEA-DOPA粘附聚合物,并用红外光谱(FTIR)仪、核磁(1HNMR)共振波谱仪和紫外-可见分光光度计对其结构进行了表征。通过电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、石英晶体微天平(QCM-D)和拉曼光谱,对含有PHEA-DOPA的水性环氧涂层在碳钢表面的防护性能与机理进行了研究。结果红外光谱、核磁光谱和紫外-可见光谱结果表明,成功合成了PHEA-DOPA聚合物。EIS和SEM结果表明,PHEA-DOPA的加入能够明显提高涂层的防护性能。QCM-D和拉曼光谱结果表明PHEA-DOPA的防腐机理为:PHEA-DOPA结构中的DOPA基团与Fe离子有较强的吸附络合作用,并在碳钢表面和涂层内部反应生成不溶性的[Fe(DOPA)3]3+络合物,可抑制铁的溶解过程,提高涂层的致密性。结论 PHEA-DOPA粘附聚合物的加入能够明显提高涂层的防护性能。     

Comparison between the effect of nanoglass flake and montmorillonite organoclay on corrosion performance of epoxy coating

Montmorillonite organoclay (OMMT) and nanoglass flake (GF) were incorporated into epoxy resin by mechanical agitation and sonication process. Optical microscopy was used to analyse the optical homogeneity of dispersions. To investigate anticorrosive properties of nanocomposite organic coatings, salt fog test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization measurement, pull-off adhesion and water absorption tests have been employed. The time course of impedance parameters and polarization studies show that coating corrosion resistance is improved as the amounts of OMMT and GF are increased to 3 wt%. The results indicated that nano-GF filled specimens display better corrosion performance than the OMMT filled ones.     

环氧涂层处理的Mg-3Al-1Zn镁合金在齿轮油中的腐蚀疲劳性能(英文)

研究环氧涂层处理后的Mg-3Al-1Zn合金在齿轮油环境下的腐蚀疲劳行为。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察疲劳试验后试样的腐蚀形貌及疲劳断口特征,并通过能谱仪(EDS)分析试样在齿轮油中的腐蚀产物成分。分析环氧涂层处理前、后2种试样的腐蚀疲劳性能和疲劳裂纹萌生机制。结果表明:经环氧涂层处理后,试样在齿轮油中的腐蚀疲劳极限高于未处理试样的。这是由于环氧涂层可以将镁合金与周围腐蚀环境良好地隔离。环氧涂层的力学性能比镁合金的差,这是疲劳裂纹优先从环氧涂层萌生的重要原因。另外,齿轮油的润滑作用可以使环氧涂层产生剥落现象。     

生物质锅炉管道耐腐蚀涂层的力学性能

采用高速电弧喷涂技术在20钢表面制备FeNiCrTi涂层.结合显微组织、显微硬度、扫描电镜分析、能谱分析、X射线衍射等分析方法对涂层的组织结构、力学性能及拉伸断口形貌进行研究分析.结果表明:FeNiCrTi涂层主要由固溶相的凝片叠加组成,中间夹杂着氧化物相、未熔颗粒相和孔隙;涂层具有较高的显微硬度和内聚强度,以及良好的抗热震性能.拉伸断口的微观特征为:固溶相的韧性韧窝特征、叠层间凝片分离脱开、未熔颗粒整体拔出.     

Effect of Thermomechanical Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an IF Steel

This study focused on thermomechanical treatment of an interstitial-free (IF) steel. As-received IF steel underwent cold reduction of 80% followed by subcritical annealing at 680 °C for 10, 20, 30, and 40 min. These cold-worked and annealed samples were characterized using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties such as hardness and tensile strength were determined. Fracture surface was studied using SEM. On the basis of resulting mechanical properties and fractographic study, it was concluded that employing annealing time between 20 and 30 min at 680 °C imparts the desired combination of strength and ductility required for deep-drawing applications in automotive industry.     

BTA@SPANI-POSS环氧涂层的制备及防腐性能

为提高环氧涂层在腐蚀环境下的防腐性和持久性,合成一种负载有缓蚀剂苯并三唑(BTA)的苯并三唑@磺化聚苯胺功能化倍半硅氧烷(BTA@SPANI-POSS),随后将 BTA@SPANI-POSS 与环氧树脂共混得到 BTA@SPANI-POSS 环氧涂料, 最后在 Q235 碳钢上制备数种复合环氧涂层。通过红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、扫描电子显微镜对 BTA@SPANI-POSS 的结构、 缓蚀性能、表面形貌进行表征,利用接触角测量仪、电化学工作站研究所制备涂层的疏水性能和防腐性能。研究表明,随着 SPANI-POSS 的添加,涂层沾湿性能降低。电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和塔菲尔极化曲线测试结果表明,与 SPANI-POSS 环氧涂层相比,负载有 BTA 的 BTA@SPANI-POSS 环氧涂层对金属基底具有更高和更持久的保护能力,其中试样 EB_1.5%的腐蚀电流密度 i_corr为 16.67 ? A·cm^?2 ,其极化电阻 R_p为 2.467 M?·cm² ,具有较低的腐蚀动态速率。在 3.5 wt.% NaCl 溶液中浸泡 15 d 后环氧涂层仍具有良好的防腐蚀效果,其阻抗值 Z_0.01Hz 仍保留有第 1 d 时的 26.89%,表现出优异的长期稳定性和防腐性能。归因于 SPANI-POSS 与 BTA 之间的协同作用,所制备的 BTA@SPANI-POSS 环氧涂层在浸泡过程中与碳钢基底发生络合反应,从而起到长时间的保护作用。     

Investigation of the effect of fraction composition and specific surface of anticorrosive pigments on the protective properties of epoxy coatings

The technological parameters of grinding of anticorrosive pigments are presented. The effect of nanosized particles of anticorrosive pigments on the protective properties of coatings based on epoxy varnish is studied. The structures of varnish-and-paint coatings are investigated by means of electron-scanning microscopy and atomic force microscopy.     

Preparation of epoxy microcapsule based self-healing coatings and their behavior

In this paper, epoxy microcapsules were prepared by interfacial polymerization of epoxy resin droplets with ethylenediamine (EDA), and the capsules were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Then, the coatings containing epoxy microcapsules were applied on carbon steels, and their behavior and self-healing effect were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique and SEM observation. The experimental results demonstrate that the artificial scratches were successfully healed in about 4-h after made. Furthermore, coating prepared from 20 wt.% epoxy microcapsules shows the best performance among all the prepared coatings.     

Influence of deposition technique on the protective properties of epoxy films

The electrochemical impedance spectra, the anodic polarization curves and the time dependence of paint capacitance and paint resistance have been used in this paper to evaluate the protective properties of epoxy films on carbon steel substrate. The coatings were formed using four deposition techniques (brushing, immersion, cathodic and anodic electrodeposition) with the aim to determine the effect of deposition type on the anticorrosive performances of epoxy paint. Interpretation of Nyquist and Bode impedance spectra with the immitance analysis Equivcrt. programme has established an electrical equivalent circuit with two time constants fitted to describe the electrodeposited epoxy/carbon steel system in the 3 % sodium chloride solution and an electrical equivalent circuit with four time constants fitted in case of epoxy films applied by brush or immersion. The anodic polarisation measurements show nobler corrosion potentials and smaller dissolution current densities for the carbon steel in the presence of the electrodeposited films in comparison with epoxy coatings applied by brush or with the immersion technique. The values of the porosity, water uptake, and ionic transport through the film emphasize the higher performances of the electrodeposited films, characterized by uniformity, porosity absence, low water permeability and few conductive pathways.     

Corrosion inhibition performance of polymer-alloy bilayer coatings: electropolymerised polyaniline and electrodeposited ZnNi with different layer orders

Polyaniline (PANI) conducting polymer coatings have been obtained galvanostatically with various current densities (from 0·1 to 0·4 mA cm^?2) and ZnNi alloy coatings have been obtained galvanostatically at 30 mA cm^?2 current density. Corrosion protection performances of monolayered PANI and ZnNi alloy coatings and multi-layered ZnNi/PANI and PANI/ZnNi coatings on st-37 low carbon mild steel (MS) have been investigated by an open circuit potential method, Tafel extrapolation method and electrochemical impedance method in 3·5 wt-% NaCl solution. In addition, the surface morphology of the coatings has been characterised by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Synthesising PANI films between two metal layers provided better corrosion protection to the steel. MS/PANI/ZnNi layer formation exhibited the biggest corrosion protection performance among all layer formations of the films and protected MS for up to 72 h.     

A comparative study of reactive direct current magnetron sputtered CrAlN and CrN coatings

Approximately 1.5 μm thick CrN and CrAlN coatings were deposited on silicon and mild steel substrates by reactive direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. The structural and mechanical properties of the coatings were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nanoindentation techniques, respectively. The bonding structure of the coatings was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface morphology of the coatings was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The XRD data showed that the CrN and CrAlN coatings exhibited B1 NaCl structure. Nanoindentation measurements showed that as-deposited CrN and CrAlN coatings exhibited a hardness of 18 and 33 GPa, respectively. Results of the surface analysis of the as-deposited coatings using SEM and AFM showed a more compact and dense microstructure for CrAlN coatings. The thermal stability of the coatings was studied by heating the coatings in air from 400 to 900 °C. The structural changes as a result of heating were studied using micro-Raman spectroscopy. The Raman data revealed that CrN coatings got oxidized at 600 °C, whereas in the case of CrAlN coatings, no detectable oxides were formed even at 800 °C. After annealing up to 700 °C, the CrN coatings displayed a hardness of only about 7.5 GPa as compared to CrAlN coatings, which exhibited hardness as high as 22.5 GPa. The potentiodynamic polarization measurements in 3.5% NaCl solution indicated that the CrAlN coatings exhibited superior corrosion resistance as compared to CrN coatings.     

EIS study on degradation of polymer-coated steel under ultraviolet radiation

Degradation of heavy-duty steel coatings when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and additional techniques in order to clarify the feasibility of evaluation of the UV degradation by EIS. Two coatings were considered: polyester-urethane topcoat plus epoxy primer (PU/E) and epoxy topcoat plus epoxy primer (E/E). Each was applied to a steel substrate and exposed to cyclic wetting-drying under UV radiation. The PU/E coating developed topcoat cracks but did not delaminate from the substrate; capacitive behaviour was evident, and corrosion of the underlying steel was not observed. The E/E coating showed topcoat chalking and partial disappearance, exposing the primer, but corrosion of the underlying steel was not observed. The morphology and chemical changes were compared with the results of EIS.