蔗糖转化生产纯结晶果糖的工艺研究

本文研制出了一条以蔗糖为原料，生产纯结晶果糖技术路线。其工艺流程包括：①蔗糖的水解，②果糖、葡萄糖的分离，③果糖液精制，④果糖结晶。采用化学法分离果、葡糖浆，并得到了可进行果糖结晶的高质量的果糖液，克服了色谱分离技术要求高、在我国难以实现工业化的缺点。在进行果糖结晶前，对果糖液进行脱盐和脱色等精制处理。可根据不同的要求采取两种不同的结晶工艺，生产出两种结晶果糖产品。一种产品为小颗粒结晶果糖，另一种产品为大颗粒结晶果糖，其晶体颗粒大小达到０．２～０．３ｍｍ。两种结晶果糖产品果糖的结晶率可达到６０％。其纯度均超过试剂果糖纯度。采用本工艺流程，１００吨蔗糖可产２４．７吨结晶果糖，３２．５吨结晶葡萄糖，５３．８吨果葡糖浆。     

碎米制备高果糖浆的工艺研究

研究碎米制备高果糖浆的工艺,主要对碎米葡萄糖异构化制取果葡糖液、钙型树脂分离果糖和葡萄糖获得高果糖浆的工艺进行优化。通过单因素和正交试验,得到制取果葡糖液的最优条件：异构酶加酶量9mg/g 碎米葡萄糖、pH7.5、反应温度70℃、反应时间35h;通过正交试验,得到树脂分离制取高果糖浆的最优条件：分离温度70℃、糖液体积分数20%、洗脱液流速4mL/min、进料量40mL。在优化条件下获取的高果糖浆果糖含量为89.64%。     

谈果葡糖浆的发展现状与应用前景

０前言果葡糖浆是近三十年来崛起的新型淀粉糖产品，它是以淀粉为原料，经α－淀粉酶液化、糖化酶水解淀粉成葡萄糖后，再通过葡萄糖异构酶的异构化反应而制成的一种果糖和葡萄糖的混合糖浆．目前商品果葡糖浆产品主要有：果糖含量占糖量４２％的称为果葡糖浆（简称Ｆ—４...     

果葡糖浆生产技术

一、前言果葡糖浆是国外60年代末期开始生产的一种新型甜味料。它是以淀粉为原料,先经α-淀粉酶和葡萄糖淀粉酶的作用,使之变为葡萄糖,又通过葡萄糖异构酶的异构化反应制成的一种含有果糖和葡萄糖的液态混合糖浆。由于果糖的甜度为蔗糖的1.5倍,从而可使糖浆的     

酶法生产果葡糖浆的发展

简述了酶法用于生产果葡糖浆先后经历的四个重要发展阶段;酶法取代酸法水解淀粉,葡萄糖酶法异构化为果糖,酶固定化技术和色谱分离技术,并分析了每一个阶段对促进果葡糖浆生产的重要意义,最后展望了酶法技术生产果葡糖浆的发展趋势。     

果葡糖的结晶性研究

果葡糖目前已在大力发展。本文分析研究了果葡糖的结晶性。研究结果表明:果葡糖产品的结晶可以采用保温贮藏和添加少量多糖等方法来解决。果葡糖应用于果汁饮料及水果罐头后.果葡糖不结晶其产品均无晶体产生。     

前景看好的甜味剂——果葡糖浆

1 果葡糖浆特性及应用 果葡糖浆也称高果糖浆（Rush Fructose Symp）或异构糖浆，它是以酶法糖化淀粉所得的糖化液经葡萄糖异构酶的异构作用，将其中一部分葡萄糖异构成果糖，由葡萄糖和果糖而组成的一种混合糖糖浆，它越来越受到人们的重视和欢迎。     

果葡糖浆解惑

果葡糖浆或称高果糖浆[美国称玉米高果糖浆（HFCS）]是甜度与蔗糖相当、风味纯正、营养丰富，可以最佳替代蔗糖使用或取代蔗糖使用的新型甜味剂（有的产品使用果葡糖浆比使用蔗糖有更好的风味或效益）。果葡糖浆自1968年实现工业化生产以来，已成为很多国家的重要甜味剂品种。美国食糖甜味剂（蔗糖加淀粉糖）消费总量的55％是靠淀粉糖来解决的（2004年人均消费干基淀粉糖35．56kg），而淀粉糖甜味剂中75％是果葡糖浆（年人均消费干基果葡糖26．94kg），也就是说，果葡糖占食糖（淀粉糖加蔗糖）消费量的42％，因此美国2004年果葡糖浆的总产量达1066．68万t（去水份后的干基约793万t），日本、韩国果葡糖浆的产量约为85万t和50万t，分别占食糖（淀粉糖加蔗糖）消费量的20％和27％。于欧盟是蔗糖可以自给的国家（美国、日本都是蔗糖进口国），甜味剂以蔗糖为主，果葡糖只占食糖总消费量的2．7％，我国虽然淀粉糖的产量已达420万t，但果葡糖产量不大，只占食糖总量的1．5％左右，处于起步阶段。近年，由于人民生活水平提高，食糖消费量逐年加大，蔗糖（甘蔗糖、甜蔗糖）供应已不能满足市场需求，价格涨幅也较大，因此促进了我国果葡糖浆的加快发展。     

果葡糖浆渗糖工艺在冻干猕猴桃片中的应用研究

为改善冻干猕猴桃感官质量,该文研究果葡糖浆(F42)在猕猴桃片冷冻干燥前渗糖处理最佳工艺条件。通过单因素试验得出果葡糖浆浓度、渗糖处理时间和温度是影响冻干猕猴桃片品质的主要影响因素。在此基础上设计L9(33)正交试验从而得到最佳的工艺条件。试验结果表明,在渗糖处理时间为12h、温度为20℃、果葡糖浆浓度为45%的条件下得到的产品表面无返砂结晶现象,口感良好。     

诺华赛色谱分离技术在淀粉及淀粉糖生产中的应用

法国诺华赛（NOVASEP）集团色谱分离技术可用于淀粉与淀粉糖系统的果葡糖浆分离生产55-果葡糖浆；多元醇分离（山梨醇／麦芽糖醇／甘露醇）；结晶葡萄糖母液回收葡萄糖；糖浆过滤等工序。     

Starch Hydrolysate,an Optimal and Economical Source of Carbon for the Secretion of Citric Acid by Yarrowia lipolytica (DS-1)

Using Yarrowia lipolytica (DS-1), secretion of citric acid is studied as a function of carbon sources such as glucose, fructose, hydrol, sucrose, cane sugar molasses, kerosene (all available commercially) and tapioca starch hydrolysate, invert sucrose and invert cane sugar molasses (all prepared in laboratory). On the basis of their acceptability by DS-1 for citric and isocitric acid secretion, it is concluded that (a) sucrose and cane sugar molasses (with/without inversion) served as poor carbon sources, (b) fructose, hydrol, impure tapioca starch hydrolysate (96 DE w/w) and invert sucrose served as relatively better carbon sources and (c) purified tapioca starch hydrolysate (96 DE w/w) was the best carbon source to substitute glucose by giving comparable (75%) efficiency of conversion and economical advantage.     

玉米淀粉糖的特性测定及其在馒头中的应用

以结晶葡萄糖和精制白砂糖为参照,测定玉米淀粉糖的基本理化指标,采用显微镜、扫描电镜、红外光谱、X-射线衍射光谱和高效液相色谱研究测定其结构组分;并分别以玉米淀粉糖和精制白砂糖制备馒头,通过感官评价进行对比。结果表明,玉米淀粉糖水溶性好,还原糖含量高,灰分、蛋白质等杂质含量低,具有糖类的红外特征吸收峰,明显的结晶结构和结晶葡萄糖的X-光衍射峰,其糖组分以葡萄糖、果糖为主,分别占总糖的62. 46%、37. 14%。感官评定结果表明,使用玉米淀粉糖制作的馒头,较之白砂糖,其气孔更细密、均匀,色泽、风味和口感更好,总体效果稍好。     

若干物理因素对抗性淀粉制备的影响

抗性淀粉是一种新兴的食品添加剂,可作为食品的膳食纤维功能成分,广泛应用于碳水化合物、脂肪质食品如作为糖、面粉替代品,作为膳食纤维添加于焙烤食品、低热、低脂人造奶油、冷冻甜点等或作为一种单独的添加剂加入食品配方中。通过对制备过程中物理因素的研究,探讨了抗性淀粉的最佳制备物理条件,为工业开发应用提供一定的理论基础,抗性淀粉作为低热、高膳食纤维含量功能食品成分将具有重要的应用前景。     

Plasticizing Effect of Water on Thermal Behavior and Crystallization of Amorphous Food Models

Dehydrated sugar solutions were used as models of thermal behavior of amorphous foods, and of the effect of temperature, moisture content and time on physical state of such foods. The transition temperatures determined were glass transition (T_g), crystallization (T_cr) and melting (T_m) which all decreased with increasing moisture. T_g of a sucrose/ fructose model had a slightly lower value than the empirical “sticky point,” at all moisture contents studied. Crystallization of sucrose was delayed by addition of fructose or starch. Crystallization above T_g was time-dependent, and the relaxation time of this process followed the WLF equation.     

Crystal Control In Processed Liquid Honey

Liquid processed honeys produced in the province of Alberta, Canada, were studied to identify controllable factors to delay glucose crystallization. Individual producer honeys were analyzed for glucose and fructose using a new HPLC procedure. Selective use of producer honeys for liquid processed honey was of no advantage since the samples were all supersaturated in glucose (>30% glucose) and contained unexpectedly consistent fructose/glucose ratios of about 1.12. Crystallization could be delayed by filling retail containers at 45 °C or above. Moisture losses noted at well over 1% a year in plastic containers could also contribute to an increase in crystallization for stored honey.     

Rheology and crystallization kinetics of honey: Present status

Abstract

Crystallization property of honey is a matter of interest for beekeepers, honey handlers and processors. Honey is basically a sugar syrup with about 16‐18% moisture content (wet basis). The composition and rheology are some of the important parameters that influence the crystallization behavior of honey. At present, most of the crystallization prediction methods are based on the composition considering honey as a glucose‐fructose‐water system. This review paper presents current methods used to predict honey crystallization and puts forward a hypothesis based on viscosity and glass transition temperature.     

Starch Content in Various Types of Cane Sugars as a Criterion of Quality and Authenticity

Contrary to beet sugar, which on the market is used practically only as white sugar, cane sugar is used in a wide range of products for direct consumption. This article presents results of determination of starch content in different types of cane sugars: raw cane sugar, refined white cane sugar, plantation white sugar, and commercial “unrefined” brown and yellow sugars. The content of starch in various “brown” cane sugars ranged from 74 to 415 mg/kg, while in white sugars its content ranged from 51 to 214 mg/kg. The starch content in cane sugars should be an important criterion for the quality of cane sugars, which allowed to differentiate cane sugars from beet sugar containing no starch.     

蔗糖水解制取结晶果糖技术研究

为提升制糖产业的综合效益,以白砂糖为原料开发附加值更高的结晶果糖,探讨用蔗糖原料制取高纯度结晶果糖的最优工艺方法.实验以高浓度蔗糖液(55％w/w)为原料,食品酸味剂柠檬酸为水解剂,通过蔗糖水解、脱色、阴阳离子树脂除盐,以钙型树脂分离、纯化果葡糖液,在常温下得到结晶果糖和结晶葡萄糖.实验优化蔗糖最佳水解工艺条件:水解温...     

Lactose hydrolysis in acid whey with subsequent glucose isomerisation

The disposal of whey is a problem because of its high biological oxygen demand. Of the 1.8 × 10¹⁰ kg produced annually in the USA, only about half has any food or feed application (Jelen 1983). One possible approach to acid whey utilisation is the removal of the proteins either by ultrafiltration or by thermal precipitation, hydrolysis of lactose with soluble β-galactosidase (lactase, EC 3.2.1.23) and subsequent isomerisation of the glucose to fructose by the action of immobilised glucose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.5). The resulting syrup is composed of glucose, fructose and galactose plus small amounts of unhydrolysed lactose and other oligosaccharides. The syrup was found to have a predominantly sweet and slightly salty taste. Recently sucrose has been replaced in many foods by high fructose corn syrup produced by the action of glucose isomerase on glucose syrups from corn starch hydrolysates (Bucke 1981). The whey syrup also has potential as a sucrose substitute.     

Chemical and molecular dynamics analysis of crystallization properties of honey

Honey crystallization is a natural phenomenon commonly found in honey products. To better understand the characteristics of honey crystallization, the concentrations of the four major compositions (namely glucose, fructose, sucrose, and maltose) were determined in the liquid, crystal, and mixed forms of honey. Our study revealed the contents of glucose and fructose in three forms varied significantly (p < 0.05). Molecular dynamics simulation was performed to investigate honey crystallization process. All the simulation systems had a tendency to form a cubic crystal. When the ratio of glucose/fructose is 2.5:1, which is the same as the crystal found in honey, a shorter time and lower root-mean-square deviation were found compared to the ratios at 2:1, 1:1, and pure glucose. It infers that glucose/fructose at 2.5:1 is the most stable honey crystallization, relatively. The morphology of crystals found in honey, which was observed under an environment scanning electron microscope, looked like sticky balls with indistinct edges, different from that plates or granule of glucose crystal with flattened edges. These results indicated that the relative content of glucose and fructose had a significant effect on the crystallization of honey. The glucose/fructose at 2.5:1 probably is the critical ratio of honey crystallization, at which honey can form stable crystalline deposit speedily.