静电纺丝法纺制聚乳酸纳米纤维无纺毡

采用静电纺丝法制备了生物降解聚乳酸(PLLA)纳米纤维无纺毡。分析了纺丝液浓度、电压、接收距离、挤出速度等因素对纤维形态的影响。结果表明:纺丝液的浓度和挤出速度对纤维直径的影响较为明显,溶液挤出速度增大,所得纤维微孔含量及尺寸也增大;适当的电压和接收距离有利于收集无液滴纤维;随着纤维直径的减小,无纺毡的孔径呈减小趋势。在PLLA质量分数为5．7％、挤出速度0．8 mL／h、接受距离 15．5 cm、电压8 kV的静电纺丝条件下,可制备纤维直径为200-400 nm的PLLA纳米纤维无纺毡。     

聚氨酯静电纺丝条件的探索

采用静电纺丝法制备聚氨酯纤维非织造布,借助扫描电子显微镜分析了静电纺丝液的浓度、纺丝电压和纺丝液挤出速率等因素对纤维直径及形貌和结构的影响.结果表明,在纺丝液固体质量分数8%～12%、纺丝电压32.5～37.5 kV、纺丝液挤出速率0.8～2.4 mL/h范围内,能纺制出 直径分布在250～1000nm之间的聚氨酯纤维...     

静电纺丝法制备聚碳酸酯基聚氨酯纳米纤维的研究

以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和四氢呋喃(THF)为混合溶剂配制聚碳酸酯基热塑性聚氨酯(PU)纺丝溶液,通过静电纺丝法制备PU纳米纤维。重点研究了纺丝溶液浓度、混合溶剂中DMF和THF的体积比、纺丝电压和纺丝溶液流速对PU纳米纤维形态、直径及其分散性的影响。结果发现,纺丝液浓度为12%,混合溶剂中DMF与THF体积比为1∶1,纺丝电压为10 kV,纺丝溶液流速为0. 8 m L/h时,通过静电纺丝法制得的PU纳米纤维粗细均匀,表面光滑,纤维之间无粘连现象,形成的纳米纤维膜空隙率高。     

纳米硼粉的改性及其对硼/硝化棉纳米纤维的影响

为了改善硼粉在含能材料中的分散性,用3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)对纳米硼粉进行改性,并用静电纺丝法制备了硼/硝化棉(B/NC)和改性B/NC纳米纤维;用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对样品进行了表征,用TG-DSC联合热分析仪对硼粉及改性前后的硼/硝化棉纳米纤维的热性能进行了分析。结果表明,改性对硼粉的粒径影响不大,改性后的硼粉在硝化棉纳米纤维中分散更均匀,纤维粗细相对均匀,改性前后硼/硝化棉纳米纤维的平均直径均为350nm左右;TG曲线表明,随着改性硼粉在NC中分散性的改善,B/NC纳米纤维和改性B/NC纳米纤维中的硼质量增加比原硼粉多46.53%和74.3%;与硼粉放热峰峰温相比,B/NC纳米纤维和改性B/NC纳米纤维中硼的放热峰峰温分别降低37.4℃和71.9℃。     

静电纺丝工艺对二醋酸纤维素纳米纤维形貌及直径的影响

以质量比为2∶1的丙酮/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺混合溶液为溶剂配制二醋酸纤维素(CA)溶液,采用静电纺丝制备CA纳米纤维,探讨了CA浓度、纺丝电压、接收距离和溶液推进速度等工艺条件对CA纳米纤维形貌、直径及其分布的影响。结果表明:CA纳米纤维的直径随CA浓度增加而增大,随纺丝电压增大而减小;适当的接收距离和溶液推进速度可以获得直径较小且分布均匀的纤维;当CA质量分数为11%、纺丝电压为30 k V、接收距离为15 cm、溶液推进速度为0.010 m L/min时,纺丝效果好,纤维平均直径约130 nm,且直径分布较均匀。     

静电纺丝法制备聚酰亚胺/碳化硅复合纳米纤维

利用聚酰胺酸(PAA)溶液和纳米碳化硅(SiC)混合物作为纺丝液,通过静电纺丝法制备聚酰胺酸/碳化硅(PAA/SiC)复合纳米纤维,PAA/SiC复合纳米纤维亚胺化后得到聚酰亚胺/碳化硅(PI/SiC)复合纳米纤维。研究了PAA溶液中PAA含量、纺丝电压、纺丝距离及SiC含量对PAA/SiC复合纳米纤维形貌的影响,利用热重法分析了PI/SiC复合纳米纤维的热稳定性。结果表明,使用固含量为15%的PAA溶液作为基体材料,再将纳米SiC以6%的含量均匀分散于基体材料中制备出纺丝液,在纺丝电压为10～18kV左右、纺丝距离为15cm时,可制备出直径250nm左右、光滑、连续、SiC分布均匀的PAA/SiC复合纳米纤维。PI/SiC复合纳米纤维热稳定性优异,氮气气氛中热分解温度为550℃。     

静电纺间位芳纶纳米纤维的制备工艺参数

通过静电纺丝方法,将氯化锂/N,N–二甲基乙酰胺(Li Cl/DMAc)溶解间位芳纶(PMIA)制备了PMIA纳米纤维,探索了溶液浓度、接收距离、纺丝电压及接收速度等工艺参数对纤维形貌及其直径分布的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜观察了PMIA纳米纤维形貌及应用Image-J软件测量统计了PMIA纤维直径。结果表明,溶液浓度为8%~10%、纺丝电压为16~18 k V、接收距离为15~20 cm,接收速度60~80 r/min的范围内,间位芳纶纳米纤维成型良好,直径分布范围为100~120 nm;PMIA纳米纤维直径随着溶液浓度的减小、静电电压的增加而减小,随着接收速度的增加纤维取向增加。     

电极丝静电纺制备聚酰胺纳米纤维膜

利用无针头电极丝式静电纺丝机制备聚酰胺(PA6)纳米纤维膜材料。研究了静电纺工艺条件对PA6纳米纤维膜形貌及直径的影响,探讨了纤维膜力学性能与直径的关系。结果表明,电极丝静电纺丝装置能高效制备光滑、连续、均匀的纳米纤维膜;纤维直径与纺丝液质量分数呈正比关系,质量分数在12%左右时静电纺丝效果最好;当电压为70 k V时,纤维直径最小且分布较集中;接收距离的增加改善纤维直径的均匀性;直径的减小提高膜断裂强度的同时也降低伸长率。     

静电纺抗紫外PVA/芦丁纳米纤维膜的制备及其性能研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,以芦丁为改性剂,将PVA与芦丁共混于去离子水中,通过静电纺丝制备抗紫外PVA/芦丁纳米纤维膜,并对其性能进行表征。结果表明:静电纺丝工艺条件为电压20 k V,纺丝速度0.5 m L/h,接收距离10 cm,温度30℃;加入少量芦丁,对PVA静电纺丝成纤性无影响,但纤维直径增大,直径均匀性变差;纤维中PVA与芦丁之间存在氢键;相对PVA,芦丁质量分数为4.76%时,PVA/芦丁纳米纤维膜的纤维平均直径为302 nm,抗紫外系数大于40,具有良好的抗紫外性能。     

静电纺丝工艺对聚乳酸纳米纤维形貌及直径的影响

以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂配制聚乳酸(PLA)溶液,采用静电纺制备PLA纳米纤维,探讨PLA溶液浓度、纺丝电压、接收距离对PLA纳米纤维形貌、直径及其分布的影响。结果表明:当PLA溶液浓度为10%、纺丝电压为24kV、接收距离为20cm时,纺丝效果好,纤维平均直径约91nm,且直径分布较均匀。     

负载银纳米立方体的醋酸纤维素纳米纤维及其SERS活性

报道了一种采用同轴静电纺丝法制备的表面增强Raman散射(SERS)活性衬底,用于微量环境污染物的快速检测.采用醋酸纤维素(CA)/丙酮-二甲基乙酰胺溶液作为前驱液分散银纳米立方体,利用丙酮促进银颗粒适度团聚,采用同轴静电纺丝法制备了大面积银立方体/CA纳米纤维.由于团聚态银纳米立方体之间的等离子体耦合作用,复合薄膜具...     

Synthesis and characterization of PVB/silica nanofibers by electrospinning process

This paper describes PVB/silica nanofibers which were fabricated by electrospinning. Although electrospinning has developed rapidly over the past few years, electrospinning nanofibers are still at a premature research stage which is a process by which polymer nanofibers can be formed when a droplet of viscoelastic polymer solution is subjected to high voltage electrostatic field. PVB/silica nanofibers were obtained when the PVB/silica precursor ratio was 15% and the average diameters ranged from 100 to 200 nm and increased with increasing solution concentration and electrospinning synthesized at 12 kV of the applied voltage. The morphologies and structures of PVB/silica nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS).     

静电纺丝制备TiO2纳米纤维的光催化性能

纳米TiO2材料在光催化、抗菌等方面有着广泛应用。采用尺寸为20～30nm的TiO2颗粒与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）的醇溶液混合制得纺丝液,通过静电纺丝技术与烧结工艺,制得TiO2纳米纤维。采用能谱仪、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和投射电子显微镜等分析手段对样品进行了表征,与采用溶胶–凝胶结合静电纺丝技术得到的TiO2纳米纤维进行了形貌对比,并通过亚甲基蓝降解实验研究其光催化性能。结果表明：以TiO2纳米颗粒为原料通过静电纺丝技术制备的TiO2纳米纤维,主要为多晶相的锐钛矿结构,直径为150～250 nm,长度大于20μm,与溶胶–凝胶结合静电纺丝技术制得的TiO2纳米纤维相比,直径分布更为均匀。在紫外光照射90min时,对浓度为4mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液的分解率为72%,具有较好的光催化效率。     

Fabrication of Au/PVP nanofiber composites by electrospinning

Gold nanoparticles prepared by trisodium citrate reduction of HAuCl₄ in poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) ethanol solution were dispersed into PVP nanofibers by electrospinning. The optical property of Au nanoparticles before and after electrospinning was measured by UV‐Vis. The morphology and distribution of gold nanoparticles in PVP nanofibers were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The influence of the amount of Au added to and the concentration of PVP in electrospinning solution over the morphology of Au/PVP nanofibers were studied. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Electrospinning of high‐molecule PEO solution

Electrospinning is a simple but powerful method for making nanofibers that can then be collected to create porous mats. We expand the range of this technique by making nanofibers from macromolecules with a molecular weight of 3,000,000, namely poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). Gelation of PEO blocks its spinning by traditional electrospinning. PEO was mixed with pure alcohol, and in specific concentration 10 wt % and under vibration condition, the mixed solution behaves like polymers for electrospinning, the average diameter of the obtained nanofibers is about 100 nm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3840–3843, 2007     

Studies on the synthesis of electrospun PAN‐Ag composite nanofibers for antibacterial application

We have successfully synthesized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers impregnated with Ag nanoparticles by electrospinning method at room temperature. Briefly, the PAN‐Ag composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning PAN (10% w/v) in dimethyl formamide (DMF) solvent containing silver nitrate (AgNO₃) in the amounts of 8% by weight of PAN. The silver ions were reduced into silver particles in three different methods i.e., by refluxing the solution before electrospinning, treating with sodium borohydride (NaBH₄), as reducing agent, and heating the prepared composite nanofibers at 160°C. The prepared PAN nanofibers functionalized with Ag nanoparticles were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), SEM elemental detection X‐ray analysis (SEM‐EDAX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐VIS) analytical techniques. UV‐VIS spectra analysis showed distinct absorption band at 410 nm, suggesting the formation of Ag nanoparticles. TEM micrographs confirmed homogeneous dispersion of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of PAN nanofibers, and particle diameter was found to be 5–15 nm. It was found that all the three electrospun PAN‐Ag composite nanofibers showed strong antibacterial activity toward both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. However, the antibacterial activity of PAN‐Ag composite nanofibers membrane prepared by refluxed method was most prominent against S. aureus bacteria. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

The use of Weber number to predict morphology in the electrospinning of poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibers

In the electrospinning of polymer nanofibers, an electrically driven jet of polymer solution travels to a grounded target to be collected. The morphology of the resulting nanofibers can be manipulated through process parameters, though little work has been done to correlate electrospinning parameters with those of the free‐jet flow of pure liquids. This is essential when the nanofibers hold entrained beaded structures indicative of jet breakup. The effects of applied voltage and solution concentration on the fiber morphology of electrospun aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) were investigated. Solution concentrations of 4–8 wt % were used along with voltages of 4.5–11 kV to produce nanofibers with and without entrained beads. It was determined that the calculated Weber number for each condition correlated well with the resulting morphology. These results may suggest that Weber number may also be used to predict nanofibers morphology in the electrospinning of other polymer systems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Electrospinning of nanofibers from non-polymeric systems: polymer-free nanofibers from cyclodextrin derivatives

High molecular weight polymers and high polymer concentrations are desirable for the electrospinning of nanofibers since polymer chain entanglements and overlapping are important for uniform fiber formation. Hence, the electrospinning of nanofibers from non-polymeric systems such as cyclodextrins (CDs) is quite a challenge since CDs are cyclic oligosaccharides. Nevertheless, in this study, we have successfully achieved the electrospinning of nanofibers from chemically modified CDs without using a carrier polymer matrix. Polymer-free nanofibers were electrospun from three different CD derivatives, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPγCD) and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) in three different solvent systems, water, dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylacetamide (DMAc). We observed that the electrospinning of these CDs is quite similar to polymeric systems in which the solvent type, the solution concentration and the solution conductivity are some of the key factors for obtaining uniform nanofibers. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements indicated that the presence of considerable CD aggregates and the very high solution viscosity were playing a key role for attaining nanofibers from CD derivatives without the use of any polymeric carrier. The electrospinning of CD solutions containing urea yielded no fibers but only beads or splashes since urea caused a notable destruction of the self-associated CD aggregates in their concentrated solutions. The structural, thermal and mechanical characteristics of the CD nanofibers were also investigated. Although the CD derivatives are amorphous small molecules, interestingly, we observed that these electrospun CD nanofibers/nanowebs have shown some mechanical integrity by which they can be easily handled and folded as a free standing material.     

Production of silk sericin/silk fibroin blend nanofibers

Silk sericin (SS)/silk fibroin (SF) blend nanofibers have been produced by electrospinning in a binary SS/SF trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) solution system, which was prepared by mixing 20 wt.% SS TFA solution and 10 wt.% SF TFA solution to give different compositions. The diameters of the SS/SF nanofibers ranged from 33 to 837 nm, and they showed a round cross section. The surface of the SS/SF nanofibers was smooth, and the fibers possessed a bead-free structure. The average diameters of the SS/SF (75/25, 50/50, and 25/75) blend nanofibers were much thicker than that of SS and SF nanofibers. The SS/SF (100/0, 75/25, and 50/50) blend nanofibers were easily dissolved in water, while the SS/SF (25/75 and 0/100) blend nanofibers could not be completely dissolved in water. The SS/SF blend nanofibers could not be completely dissolved in methanol. The SS/SF blend nanofibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and differential thermal analysis. FTIR showed that the SS/SF blend nanofibers possessed a random coil conformation and ß-sheet structure.