阳光因子的洗涤漂白性能研究(摘要)

报告了阳光因子的去污漂白性能。阳光因子属于光学漂白剂 ,它是利用大自然免费提供的太阳能和水将空气中的氧气激发为具有高能量的活性氧 ,达到高效去污、漂白、杀菌。阳光因子可以与洗涤剂的任意成分 ,包括各种阴、阳、非离子表面活性剂、螯合剂沉淀剂、离子交换剂、抗污垢再沉积剂、荧光增白剂、酶制剂、漂白剂、还原剂等复配。阳光因子在阳光下迅速降解 ,文中给出了呈线性的降解方程。阳光因子提示人们在洗涤中利用对于健康有利的阳光。阳光因子的作用不是遮盖 ,而是真正的去污漂白、杀菌 ,抑制衣物泛黄。本文认为阳光因子应该成为洗涤剂(洗衣粉、洗衣液、柔软剂)中的当然成分。     

新型光漂剂的漂白性能研究

研究了一类新型光漂剂———磺酸基卤素铝酞菁的去污漂白性能。从不同试验中得到该类光漂剂在常温日光条件下对酒渍、茶渍、咖啡渍等顽渍具有很好的去污漂白作用,去污值分别可提高10.8%、12.5%及15.9%。通过与过硼酸钠及过碳酸钠的去污对比试验,突出了该类光漂剂在温和条件下即具有很好的漂白性能,有望代替传统漂白剂。与洗涤剂中的荧光增白剂有相互增效作用,洗涤剂中盐类能改善光漂剂的性能。通过它的光降解试验,初步表明该类光漂剂易于光降解。     

脂肪醇醚羧酸钠系列表面活性剂的洗涤性能研究

通过去污实验系统评价了脂肪醇醚羧酸钠系列表面活性剂(AEC,由脂肪醇醚催化氧化制备)的去污性能以及与烷基苯磺酸钠,助剂柠檬酸钠或2-丙烯酸亚硫酸氢钠调聚物(Acusol-445N)复配的去污、配伍性能.结果表明,脂肪醇醚羧酸钠系列表面活性剂具有优良的去污能力;与烷基苯磺酸钠复配去污增效显著,配伍性优良,与助剂复配对不同污垢增效不同.通过对有色棉布的褪色、沾色实验比较得出:AEC具有优良的防褪色、防沾色性能.     

过碳酸钠漂白剂及洗涤工艺研究

本文选用活性氧含量较高，价格相对较低的过碳酸钠（PCS）为漂白剂，研究了宾馆，餐饮等行业专业用布草的漂白洗涤工艺以及pH值，温度，表面活性剂等因素的影响。实验结果表明，过碳酸钠漂白剂在pH为10.50-11.0，温度80℃左右时，去污率较高，加入表面活性剂，去污率更高，洗涤效果更好，在温度80℃左右洗涤和漂白时，配方中活化剂对去污率的影响不大，可以不加入。     

一类新型低温氧漂促进剂AOBS促漂性能的研究

对合成的一类新型低温氧漂促进剂烷酰氧苯磺酸盐（ＡＯＢＳ）的促漂性能进行了试验。考察了过硼酸钠（ＰＢ）／ＡＯＢＳ对模拟可漂性物质亚甲兰的漂白效果，研究了时间、ｐＨ范围，漂白剂及漂白促进剂浓度对亚甲兰漂白力的影响，得到了对亚甲兰漂白反应的动力学方程，还对普通碳黑污市和特制茶污布进行了去污／漂白试验。实验结果表明，由壬酸，癸酸和椰油酸衍生的ＡＯＢＳ均有很好的低温促漂作用，加入０．０７５％ＰＢ和０．０１５     

稳定剂对洗涤剂中过碳酸钠漂白活化体系的影响

通过将稳定剂加入到含漂白活化体系的洗衣粉中,考察稳定剂对其性能的影响。不同洗涤时间段过酸释放体含量的变化情况测试表明稳定剂的加入可以缓解过酸释放体的分解水平;去污性能测试表明稳定剂的加入可以提高洗涤剂对有色污渍的低温去除效果;洗涤护色实验测试表明稳定剂的加入可以明显减小洗涤剂对织物颜色的损伤。当采用稳定剂乙二胺二琥珀酸钠和乙二胺四甲叉膦酸钠复配使用时,去污力和护色效果均有明显提升。     

放射性废液热泵蒸发装置去污效率研究

小型热泵蒸发装置根据放射性废液处理的特殊要求采用四级除沫的分离器结构。本文给出了分离器去污因子的计算模型,论证了核电站化学废液经蒸发处理后放射性能够满足标准排放要求。通过模拟介质蒸发去污试验表明,利用模型计算得到的去污因子与试验值较为吻合,平均误差较小。因此,本文去污因子估算模型能够用于除沫分离器去污效率的评价和预测,并为热泵蒸发装置的优化操作和放大设计提供一定理论指导。     

去血渍复合酶的配比及去污研究

通过研究酶对自制血污布的去污效果,得到了对血污布有助洗效果的蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、纤维素酶。通过单组分去污实验、复配体系去污比较以及正交实验,得到了浸泡液中去血渍复合酶的最佳配比为:蛋白酶MDB-1∶淀粉酶MDF-1∶脂肪酶MZF-1∶纤维素酶MXW-2=2∶4∶2.5∶3(mg/mL)。结果表明,在4酶复配的最佳配比条件下,血污布的去污值比未加酶处理的提高了24.3%。复合酶能很好发挥其去污性能的条件为:浸泡温度30~40℃,浸泡时间25~30 min,洗涤时间20~30 min,洗涤方式:手洗>瓶洗>机洗。     

煤质活性炭与椰壳活性炭对漂白废水的吸附性能研究

通过静态吸附实验与动态吸附实验,研究了煤质活性炭与椰壳活性炭对漂白废水的吸附性能。结果表明,在静态吸附条件下,当活性炭用量为6g·L~(-1)、吸附时间为180min、吸附温度为40℃时,煤质活性炭与椰壳活性炭对漂白废水的COD去除率分别为57.89%、60.24%;2种活性炭对漂白废水的吸附动力学均符合Lagergren准二级动力学模型;在动态吸附条件下,各因素对煤质活性炭吸附性能的影响大小为:漂白废水流速吸附时间吸附柱柱高,各因素对椰壳活性炭吸附性能的影响大小为:吸附时间吸附柱柱高漂白废水流速。     

N-月桂酰基谷氨酸盐性能的pH依赖性

通过肖顿鲍曼法合成了N-月桂酰基谷氨酸盐,考察了其水溶液的pH与其克拉夫特点、表面活性、泡沫、去污和乳化等性能之间的关系。实验结果表明,N-月桂酰基谷氨酸盐在弱酸性环境中具有更好的表面活性、泡沫以及去污能力,因此,更适用于弱酸性的日常洗护配方。     

Photobleaching for the formation of nonlinear optical polymer waveguide devices

A simple but realistic kinetic model has been developed to delineate the refractive index profiles formed by photochemical reaction in nonlinear optical polymers. The effects of the absorption due to the unconverted reactant and the photoproduct are included in the model. The parameters required in the model are obtained from simple transmission experiments. The experimental results are consistent with the model. The refractive index profile is steeper when nonlinear optical polymeric materials are bleached by light with higher absorption. The rate of the bleach depth change becomes slower as the bleaching proceeds. Small absorption of bleaching light due to the photoproduct has significant effect on the resulting refractive index profiles. The photobleaching process is shown to be accelerated by the addition of a photosensitizer. Photobleaching time has been effectively reduced by a factor of 3–5. Linear and nonlinear optical properties of the polymer were little affected by the addition of the photosensitizer. It has also been demonstrated that the photobleaching technique can be utilized to tune the initial state of a directional coupler switch after completing the fabrication of the device. It was shown that successive cross states are passed from the initial cross state by selective bleaching of the gap region. The evolution of the refractive index profiles is successfully applied to predict the evolution of output state.     

珍珠染色(续)

本文介绍了珍珠染色的前处理(漂白、增白)方法,提出了染色机理并推荐了染色用染料,阐述了各类染料在珍珠染色中的应用.     

珍珠染色

本文介绍了珍珠染色的前处理(漂白、增白)方法,提出了染色机理并推荐了染色用染料,阐述了各类染料在珍珠染色中的应用.     

Reuse of spent dyebath following decolorisation with ozone

Spent reactive dyebaths were decolorised by treatment with ozone and reused in the bleaching, whitening and dyeing of two textile substrates. The study shows that the reuse of a spent dyebath is possible with little modification to the standard processes for dyeing cotton with reactive dyes, provided that the pH of the treated dyebath is adjusted. Moreover, the cycle of decolorisation and reuse was successfully repeated. Renovated reactive dyebaths were also reused for bleaching cotton fabric with hydrogen peroxide, whitening with optical brightener and dyeing polyester fabric with disperse dyes. The whiteness index of bleached and whitened cotton was comparable to that of the same fabric given a control treatment with fresh baths. Likewise, there was a negligible colour difference between polyester dyed using liquor from a spent reactive dyebath and the same fabric dyed in a new bath.     

Amineborane: a unique reductive bleaching agent that protects cystine disulphide bonds in keratins

This paper reports a new application for amineboranes in the bleaching of wool, a typical example of keratin fibre. It has been found in this investigation that amineboranes are unique reductive bleaching agents that do not attack cystine disulphide bonds in wool keratin and do not impart permanent set to the fibre during bleaching. Selected amineborane compounds can be used in conjunction with oxidative agents such as hydrogen peroxide in aqueous media to further enhance the whitening effect and prevent disulphide bond disruption in keratins. The results of this study have suggested that the researched technology outperforms existing bleaching methods on a number of levels and may be an important step towards a new commercial bleaching technology.     

Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide Mixed with Calcium Peroxide and Methylcellulose for Dental Bleaching under Visible Light Activation

The available tooth whitening products in the market contain high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as an active ingredient. Therefore, in order to curb the high H₂O₂ concentration and instability of liquid H₂O₂, this study evaluated the efficacy and cytotoxicity of the bleaching gel composed of 10% calcium peroxide (CaO₂) and visible-light-activating nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO₂) with methyl cellulose as a thickener. Extracted bovine teeth were discolored using coffee and black tea stain solution and were divided into two groups (n = 6). Bleaching was performed thrice on each tooth specimen in both the groups, with one minute of visible light irradiation during each bleaching time. The CIELAB L*a*b* values were measured pre- and post-bleaching. The N-TiO₂ calcinated at 350 °C demonstrated a shift towards the visible light region by narrowing the band gap energy from 3.23 eV to 2.85 eV. The brightness (ΔL) and color difference (ΔE) increased as bleaching progressed each time in both the groups. ANOVA results showed that the number of bleaching significantly affected ΔE (p < 0.05). The formulated bleaching gel exhibits good biocompatibility and non-toxicity upon exposure to 3T3 cells. Our findings showed that CaO₂-based bleaching gel at neutral pH could be a stable, safe, and effective substitute for tooth whitening products currently available in the market.     

Three-month evaluation of a low concentration (6% hydrogen peroxide) experimental bleaching gel containing Tio2 and chitosan: An in vitro study

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of an experimental gel that contained 6% hydrogen peroxide, titanium dioxide (TiO₂), and chitosan nanoparticles with that of the two bleaching agents that are routinely used and evaluate their effectiveness in a 3-month period. Seventy-two extracted premolar teeth were divided into three groups for the bleaching procedure. TiO₂ and chitosan were added to increase the whitening effect of the low-concentration experimental gel. In group 1, the experimental gel was applied and activated with a D-Light Duo LED device. In group 2, Opalescence Boost PF was applied chemically. In group 3, Philips Zoom was applied and activated with Zoom Advanced Power. The color of the teeth was measured with a Vita Easyshade Advance 4.0 spectrophotometer before the bleaching and 24 hours, 7 days, 14 days, 30 days, and 3 months after final bleaching. The CIEDE2000 color differences (∆E₀₀) and average L*, a*, and b* values were calculated. Effective bleaching was observed in three groups as determined by the initial color at different measurement times (P < .05). Philips Zoom showed a higher value of color change than the other groups at all times. The experimental gel showed a bleaching activity like that of Opalescence Boost PF at all-time measurements. A slight decrease in color change was observed between the first-month measurement and third-month measurement in all groups. A low-concentration experimental gel containing TiO₂ and chitosan provided effective whitening, and the whitened color persisted throughout the 3-month period.     

天然美白成分在化妆品中的应用

化妆品是具有清洁、消除异味、护肤美颜、修饰功能的日用化学工业产品。传统中医药植物和天然材料原料能够较好地应用于美白化妆品之中,实现天然美白成分在化妆品中的应用,体现出温和、安全性高的优势特点,能够较好地避免化妆品应用过程中的过敏及毒性问题,提高化妆品应用的功效和安全性。     

洗手液市场略览

随着人们生活水平的提高及消费观念的转变，洗手液已逐渐成为传统洗手用品用替代品，市场前景十分广阔，但市场刚刚启动，目前尚未被人们广泛认知和使用。因此，从洗手液的产品特性、市场前景来看，它是一个市场生命周期长、蕴藏着丰富市场潜力的产品。洗手液的产品定位应是“个人日常清洁护理用品”，功能诉求应以“清除污垢、消毒杀菌”、“使用卫生、方便”为主。同时“辟味、止手汗、滋润、保湿、防脱皮、抗皱、防衰老和美白”等也是应考虑的辅助诉求点。     

固体含酶彩漂的研制

普通的固体衣物洗涤剂往往难以获得令人满意的洗涤效果,由含氧的漂白剂组成的彩漂粉能有效去除织物上的茶渍、酱油渍和番茄汁渍等污渍,并且不损伤织物。本文针对家庭洗涤用的彩漂粉进行了研究,采用过碳酸钠作为主漂白剂进行实验,研究了彩漂粉的活性氧含量、洗涤液的pH值、洗涤温度、表面活性剂对漂白效果的影响;开发的固体彩漂能有效的去除各种污渍;推荐了家庭用的固体彩漂的优化配方。