机载光电平台内框架拓扑优化设计

为提高机载光电平台动态性能,减小振动环境对其成像质量的不利影响,采用基于变密度法的拓扑优化理论,以最小化合成柔度指数为目标函数,以基频不低于某值为约束条件,对光电平台内框架进行了拓扑优化设计,并对优化前、后内框架结构的刚强度及模态振型进行了对比分析,结果表明优化后内框架在减重8%的情况下静、动态特性均得到了大幅度提升,最大变形量由0.058 mm下降至0.016 mm,最大应力值由16.3 MPa下降至2.7 MPa,基频由131 Hz提高至213 Hz。在减小重量的同时有效地降低了结构的最大变形,提高了结构整机性能。最后通过振动试验验证了拓扑优化结果的正确性。这种拓扑优化技术将为以后光电平台的设计提供有效的帮助。     

一种攀爬清洁机器人底盘优化设计研究

为提高平地楼道两用攀爬清洁机器人底盘刚度、强度和稳定性,减小结构重量,总结了平地清扫和不同楼梯角度下的攀爬清扫四种典型工况的工作特征。分析了攀爬清洁机器人的组成和工作原理,建立了各典型工况下工作载荷的数学模型。采用拓扑优化的优化设计方法,对机器人底盘结构进行优化设计,得到了底盘的最佳材料分布。基于空间钢架的有限元分析法,获得了底盘钢架的最大弯矩、最大扭矩、剪力和最大变形,并建立了底盘理论力学模型。采用了一种多目标自适应混沌粒子群优化算法(MACPSO),以底盘重量、最大应力和最大变形为目标函数,对底盘的主要参数进行优化设计。优化结果表明:攀爬清洁机器人底盘质量减小了54.2%,最大应力降低了17.5%,最大变形减小了28.5%,底盘质心位置前移了9.85%,提高了整机的刚强度和稳定性。     

大型螺纹磨床拖板动静态特性分析及结构优化

采用SolidWorks建立某大型螺纹磨床拖板的三维模型,并借助ANSYS对其结构进行了模态分析,给出了拖板前三阶固有频率和相应振型,识别了该拖板结构的薄弱环节。在此基础上,以拖板结构固有频率及最大相对位移量为优化目标,同时考虑设计重量,提出该拖板结构四种改进方案,通过对各种方案分析比较确定结构综合优化方案并对其进行相应的静刚度校核确定最终优化方案。优化后的拖板与原型相比,重量基本保持不变的情况下,前三阶固有频率均有大幅提高,其中第一阶固有频率提高13.71%,对应的一阶振型的最大相对位移量减小18.54%;位移变形最大值减小65.3%,最大等效应力值减小了11.4%,从而实现了拖板的动静态特性分析与优化。对大型机床拖板的结构优化设计有着较大的借鉴意义。     

CK6163c数控车床床身的特性分析及优化研究

床身作为机床承重大件,其自身性能是否稳定直接影响着机床各部件的加工精度。为此采用ANSYS软件对床身进行动态和静态性能的仿真分析,以提高床身静力学性能和减重为目标,在保证床身静态特性基础上,采用渐进式结构拓扑优化法对床身进行优化。优化前后对比结果表明,床身静态性能提高,床身重量降低了5%。     

FRP制件修复用在位加工铣床的床身优化

内补片胶接技术是一种修复FRP制件缺陷、损伤的常用方法。工程中急需一种该方法中内凹阶梯结构的在位加工机床。此类薄壁弱刚性制件受压易变形。因此,对该机床床身进行轻量化设计,以减小受压变形对加工质量的影响。以某型在位加工机床原型机环形BFPC床身为研究对象,首先基于原型机工况分析,明确了床身的综合性能指标;采用拓扑优化技术,获得了最优拓扑的床身结构;进而,通过规则化结构参数,并设计正交实验,辨识了机床质量及综合性能的主要影响因素;最后,建立了以规则化结构参数为变量,床身质量及振幅最小为目标的多目标优化函数,获得了最优拓扑和最优性能的床身。     

基于拓扑优化方法的机床立柱轻量化设计

以某型机床立柱为研究对象,开展了立柱结构的轻量化研究工作。首先,利用Hyperworks软件对立柱结构进行静态和动态特性分析,得到立柱在切削力工况下的应力、变形位移云图、固有频率、振型以及频率位移响应曲线;然后,采用变密度法以柔度最小为目标函数进行拓扑优化,根据拓扑优化云图得到立柱内壁的筋条排布形式;接着,提取加筋板的中面并建立2D模型,进行尺寸优化设计,得到加筋板的最优厚度尺寸;最后,将优化模型与原模型进行力学性能对比分析。优化结果显示:基于拓扑优化方法的机床立柱可在减轻重量的同时提高其静、动态特性。     

APS46-1排刀式数控车床静动态特性分析及拓扑结构优化

排刀式数控车床主要用于加工轴类小件，可实现一次装夹、全序加工，自动化程度与生产效率高。随着数控机床向高精、高速方向发展，对机床的加工精度、表面质量和生产效率提出了更高的要求。基于上述原因，采用有限元分析方法对现有产品APS46-1排刀式数控车床进行静/动态特性分析；对该机床的大件进行了拓扑结构优化；对比分析仿真优化前后的整机性能，优化后整机质量下降了7.1%，最大变形下降了49.1%，最大应力下降了78.2%，整机前6阶固有频率均有一定的提高。对比结果说明：通过机床大件的拓扑结构优化，对整机结构刚度提高的效果明显，可为APS46-1排刀式数控车床结构改进设计提供参考。     

空间相机主支撑结构拓扑优化设计

针对目前空间相机主支撑结构设计中难于同时保证重量轻且刚度高的问题,提出了采用拓扑优化方法对空间相机光学系统主支撑结构进行优化设计的方案,并采用有限元分析法对两种空间相机主支撑结构优化设计的结果进行了检验。对卡塞格林光学系统和TMA光学系统主支撑结构进行拓扑优化后做了比较,卡塞格林光学系统主支撑结构一阶固有频率从41 Hz提高到72 Hz,重量降低了15%;TMA光学系统主支撑结构在一阶固有频率不降低的情况下,重量降低了35% 。结果表明,采用拓扑优化设计方法缩短了设计周期,提高了空间相机主支撑结构的性能,有效降低了支撑结构重量,满足了系统设计要求。     

龙门加工中心滑鞍导轨布置形式研究及优化

首先对滑鞍进行受力分析,然后通过有限元分析软件ANSYS Workbench对两种不同形式滑鞍进行静力学分析对比,最后采用拓扑优化和尺寸优化相结合的方法对龙门加工中心滑鞍进行优化设计。结果表明经过优化后的滑鞍质量减轻了227.8 kg,相比原结构质量减轻15.32%,最大变形量减小了0.241 6μm,相比原结构最大变形量减小9.94%,同时动态特性略有提高,为滑鞍的优化设计提供了一种新思路。     

基于变密度法的级进模模具结构拓扑优化设计

针对多工位级进模模具,提出了一种基于变密度法的级进模模具结构拓扑优化方法。先通过板材冲压成形有限元数值模拟得到变形板料对模具的作用力,利用自主开发的载荷映射工具构建级进模模具结构分析的力边界条件;再通过模具结构分析,明确模具结构优化的空间;最后结合拓扑优化算法对模具结构进行了优化设计。以某汽车连接器件级进模模具为例对该方法加以验证,与按传统方法设计的模具相比,优化重构后的模具在重量保持不变的情况下最大变形量减小了36.5%。对优化重构后的级进模在冲压成形过程中的应变值进行了测量,应变实测值与结构分析结果比较吻合,表明文中所提出的级进模模具结构拓扑优化方法是切实可靠的。     

Light-Weight Design Method for Force-Performance-Structure of Complex Structural Part Based Co-operative Optimization

A light?weight design method of integrated structural topology and size co?optimization for the force?performance?structure of complex structural parts is presented in this paper. Firstly, the supporting function of a complex structural part is built to map the force transmission, where the force exerted areas and constraints are considered as connecting structure and the structural configuration, to determine the part performance as well as the force routines. Then the connecting structure design model, aiming to optimize the static and dynamic performances on connection configuration, is developed, and the optimum design of the characteristic parameters is carried out by means of the collaborative optimization method, namely, the integrated structural topology optimization and size optimization. In this design model, the objective is to maximize the connecting stiffness. Based on the relationship between the force and the structural configuration of a part, the optimal force transmission routine that can meet the performance requirements is obtained using the structural topology optimization technology. Accordingly, the light?weight design of conceptual configuration for complex parts under multi?objective and multi?condition can be realized. Finally, based on the proposed collaborative optimization design method, the optimal performance and optimal structure of the complex parts with light weight are realized, and the reasonable structural unit configuration and size charac?teristic parameters are obtained. A bed structure of gantry?type machining center is designed by using the proposed light?weight structure design method in this paper, as an illustrative example. The bed after the design optimization is lighter 8% than original one, and the rail deformation is reduced by 5%. Moreover, the lightweight design of the bed is achieved with enhanced performance to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于拓扑优化的卧式旋压机床身加强肋布局优化设计方法

提出了基于拓扑优化的卧式旋压机床身加强肋布局优化设计方法。在确定设计空间及载荷后,采用带惩罚的变密度法(Solid Isotropic Microstructures with Penalization,SIMP)的结构拓扑优化技术,以多工况静力结构柔度和1阶自然频率为优化目标,建立了床身模结构拓扑优化模型,并在考虑工艺性的前提下,确定了床身板件焊接加强肋的最优布局。优化前、后的对比表明,优化后床身的静、动态性能均得到了显著提高,最大应力下降了13.39%,导轨刚度提高10.78%,1阶自然频率提高了9.28%。     

基于HyperWorks的进给箱体拓扑优化设计

为提高Ф630mm球面车磨床进给箱体的结构刚度,以HyperWorks-Optistruct软件为平台,建立了以结构的相对密度为设计变量,以一阶固有频率最大化为目标的拓扑优化模型,实现了移频和质量减轻的优化目标,并给出了进给箱材料的最优分布图,为改善球面车磨床的动态特性提供了理论依据。     

基于改进PSO算法的数控机床主轴优化设计

通过分析主轴结构和加工过程中受载变形情况, 建立了主轴优化设计的数学模型。根据邓克莱法计算得到的一阶固有频率近似值,引入动态约束条件 。针对传统优化设计方法在解决主轴优化设计中出现的问题,引入粒子群优化 (PSO) 算法,并提出了一种惯性权重值适应性递减的粒子群（ADW）算法。将ADW算法用于数控机床主轴优化实例中,得到主轴结构参数优化组合。研究结果表明,运用所建立的主轴优化设计数学模型及改进粒子群算法可以得到主轴结构参数优化组合,充分显示了该研究方法的有效性。     

Topology optimization of compressor bracket

Topology optimization is very useful engineering technique especially at the concept design stage. It is common habit to design depending on the designer’s experience at the early stage of product development. Structural analysis methodology of compressor bracket was verified on the static and dynamic loading condition with 2 bracket samples for the topology optimization base model. Topology optimization is able to produce reliable and satisfactory results with the verified structural model. Base bracket model for the topology optimization was modeled considering the interference with the adjacent vehicle parts. Objective function was to minimize combined compliance and the constraint was the first natural frequency over 250 Hz. Multiple load cases such as normal mode calculation and gravity load conditions with 3-axis direction were also applied for the optimization, expecting an even stress distribution and vibration durability performance. Commercial structural optimization code such as optistruct of Altair Engineering was used for the structural topology optimization. Optimization was converged after 14 iterations with the satisfaction of natural frequency constraint. New bracket shape was produced with the CATIA based on the topology optimization result. The new bracket from topology optimization result was compared with the traditional concept model and topology optimization base model under 4 load cases. 14 % 1’st natural frequency of new bracket with only 4 % mass increment increased compared to the concept model. 31 % mass decreased compared to the base model without the increment of stress under gravity load cases. It was analyzed thata new bracket would not fail during a vibration durability test, and these results were verified with a fabricated real sample under the durability condition.     

一种测控天线支架的优化设计

在航天领域,星上载荷的质量直接影响整星的发射成本。为了降低星上天线的质量,文中以某卫星测控天线支架为研究对象,在满足天线电性能和力学性能的前提下,采用传统方法和拓扑优化分别对支架进行改进设计,然后利用有限元分析软件Workbench对天线进行仿真分析,得到模态响应曲线和正弦振动应力云图,并对比分析仿真结果,获得支架的最优结构设计方案。该支架通过拓扑优化设计并采用增材制造（3D打印）技术加工,不仅满足各项性能指标要求,而且其质量降低了20.3%,加工时间也缩短了近60%。     

机床结构轻量化设计研究进展

对机床进行优化的结构构型设计,使得材料在机床结构空间内更加合理地分布和有效地利用,一直都是机床设计工作者追求探索的目标。论述机床构型和结构件轻量化设计的研究历程和技术发展,对机床结构轻量化设计中常用的现代设计方法:参数优化、结构拓扑优化、多方法综合结构设计、仿生优化设计方法进行具体技术介绍和综合评述,并对近年兴起的仿生优化设计方法进行从方法、实现手段和轻量化效果等方面重点分析和评述,对机床构型和结构件轻量化设计研究的未来发展提出展望。     

基于ANSYS的注塑机前模板拓扑优化

针对注塑机肘杆式合模机构中模板要满足降低重量,提高强度、刚度及疲劳寿命的设计要求,应用ANSYS及FE-SAFE软件对某型号注塑机前模板进行了拓扑优化,从两个方向入手,即:对现行的结构再进行拓扑优化;回到原始的结构,并对其进行拓扑优化,寻求最合理的设计形式。对优化后的模板进行了应力、变形分析及疲劳分析,并对比了模板优化前后的应力、变形及疲劳情况。研究结果表明,优化后的模板模型质量更小,且最大应力更小、变形更小,具有更好的疲劳性能;通过应用ANSYS及FE-SAFE软件优化,注塑机前模板的强度、刚度、疲劳寿命及可靠度均得到了相应的提高,同时模型的质量减少,能够更加充分和合理地使用材料。     

Mechanical model and contouring analysis of high-speed ball-screw drive systems with compliance effect

The compliance effect of a high-speed ball-screw feed-drive system is modelled in this work. A mechanical model of a ball-screw feed drive system including the motor, ball-screw, coupling, supporting bearing, linear guide and machine structure was developed. It was found that at high acceleration, the mechanical compliance caused a significant contouring error. Smoothing the acceleration and deceleration control input command did improve the transient deviation in the contouring error. However, the steady state error caused by the elastic elongation in the mechanical elements was not improved. It was also shown that the inertia force of the slide and saddle comprised the dominant loading on a high speed machine tool drive mechanism. A topology structure optimisation method is proposed to reduce the moving weight. This method can help the designer efficiently reduce the moving weight of a machine tool axis in a systematic way. More than a 30% weight reduction was demonstrated in a spindle carrier structural design.     

新一代机载电子设备结构设计方法初探

文中针对传统机载电子设备研制中,结构性能参数模糊,产品研发周期较长,后期排故较难等问题,在产品设计的多个阶段,引入数字仿真工具,进行拓扑结构优化设计和热、力学有限元分析。采用相关测试方法对数字样机进行修正,并依据相关标准进行试验,使设计方案得到充分验证,为结构进一步优化提供依据。这些方法的应用使产品存在的一些问题得到快速暴露和解决,有效地提高了产品的可靠性和数字化程度。