精甲醇水溶性不合格的对策

目前,国内联醇装置的精馏一般采用的流程是双塔流程,即主塔与预塔两个精馏塔。此流程的主要优点是投资少,易操作,且完全可以满足产品质量要求。精甲醇先在预塔中脱除轻组分(主要是二甲醚),再在主塔中脱除重组分(主要为水、高级醇)。生产中常出现精甲醇的水溶性不合格。 粗甲醇的生产,有单醇法和联醇法。联醇法对水溶性影响较大,因此,联醇法生产的粗甲醇,在精馏时,对预塔的操作,要严格控制。此外,在预塔主要是除去轻组分,所以,预塔放空温度的变低,对轻组分的脱除,起着至关重要的作用。放空温度低于     

粗甲醇中杂质含量的色谱—质谱分析

一、前言国内合成甲醇已广泛采用铜基催化剂,并逐步淘汰了锌铬催化剂。由于使用不同的合成催化剂及其合成生产工艺条件,粗醇中的杂质、组分含量均不同。即使采用同一铜基催化剂也有高、中、低压之区别,另外还有单、联醇不同合成工     

精醇残液中COD高的原因及改进措施

<正>随着煤化工市场的发展,甲醇工业发展速度较快,河南心连心化肥有限公司(以下简称心连心公司)由年产30 kt精醇发展成年产60 kt精醇,然后扩产至年产100 kt精醇,在挖掘设备潜力后目前年产量达380 kt。在生产精醇的过程中,势必会产生大量的残液排放,心连心公司残液年排放量达60 kt。在对粗醇进行萃取精馏后,轻组分由预精馏塔塔顶排出,而作为重组分的残液由常压塔塔底排出,然后送至污水终端进行处理。     

甲醇精馏工序的质量控制

甲醇精馏工序的目的是为了脱除粗甲醇中的有机杂质和不易溶解的气体,降低水分制得符合GB338--2004的工业甲醇。安徽三星化工有限责任公司的联醇工艺具有粗甲醇中轻组分低、还原性物质少的特点,为尽快扩大产量,在双塔流程的基础上采用了2台主精馏塔并联与1台预精馏塔串联的流程。采用此工艺可使精醇产量在短时间内从原来的30kt／a扩大到90kt／a。联醇工艺流程如图1所示。     

中间体与精细化工文摘

甲醛溶液中甲醇回收技术研究 吉化公司为了确保巴斯夫-吉化新戊二醇原料质量要求(甲醇溶液中甲醇质量分数必须小于3％),在继续使用浮石-银催化剂生产甲醛时,采用增建一套处理能力为3万t/a脱醇塔装置。从甲醛第一吸收塔底采出的粗甲醛溶液(含甲醇7％)送入脱醇塔进行甲醇脱除,其原理是利用粗甲醛混合液中各组分挥发度不同,将甲醛与     

醋酸酯加氢制乙醇的精馏工艺及能量耦合

对醋酸酯加氢制乙醇的精馏工艺及能量耦合进行了研究。醋酸酯加氢后所得粗醇经脱轻塔、甲醇塔、乙醇塔三塔精馏,可得到纯度很高的甲醇产品和乙醇产品,同时,脱轻塔塔顶轻组分可返回醋酸酯加氢循环反应,以达到最大程度的轻组分利用率。此外,通过三塔操作压力的调节,可实现精馏工艺的能量耦合,减少冷却介质和加热介质的用量,大大降低能耗。     

精甲醇高锰酸钾试验时间的影响因素及处理方法

联醇生产中,由于工艺、设备、催化剂等原因,在生成粗甲醇时易生成多种微量的还原性有机物质,如伯醇、醛、胺等,这些物质在精制过程中并不能被完全除去,影响精甲醇的质量。通常这类杂质可用高锰酸钾变色试验进行定性鉴别,还原性物质含量越高,高锰酸钾褪色时间越短。要保证精甲醇产品的高锰酸钾试验时间,就要对粗甲醇成分特别是其中的还原性物质进行分析判断,并进行合理的调节,以保证甲醇的高锰酸钾试验时间达到标准要求(GB338-92要求不低于50mins)。1　粗甲醇中轻组分的影响在联醇工艺中,粗甲醇含有甲醛、一甲胺、二甲胺、三甲胺、乙醛和丙…     

浅谈丁醇精馏塔底的组分回收

丁辛醇装置丁醇精馏塔采用精馏法脱除由丁醇预精馏塔塔底来的粗醇中的重组分,该塔含有40块塔盘能够有效满足分离要求,丁醇预精馏塔底部的混合丁醇可以在三个进料塔盘中的任意一个进料。     

甲醇精馏系统节能降耗技改总结

介绍用甲醇精馏蒸汽冷凝液和转化废锅、甲醇合成塔汽包的连排水先对进入精馏系统的粗醇初步预热后再进入粗醇预热器,提高进入预塔的粗醇温度,降低精馏系统蒸汽消耗。     

合成气制低碳醇的经济性分析

介绍了国内各科研机构合成气制低碳醇的研发现状：从应用上看低碳醇经分离提纯后各单醇组分做商品醇比混合醇组分做燃料醇更为切实可行;同时目前普遍的观点是混合醇组分中G2-OH组分越高,项目经济性越好,但经分离模拟,发现该项目以合成乙醇为目标最为经济可行。     

当前我国润滑油基础油生产中的问题及对策

当前,我国润滑油产品供大于求,而质量与国外同类产品则有较大差距。造成上述问题的根本原因是优质润滑油基础油的品种与数量不能完全满足高档润滑油产品开发的需要。因此,应提高高粘度指数(HVI)基础油的比例,并选用溶剂精制与加氢处理相结合的方法由中间基原油生产HVI基础油。     

高含水原油的热化学破乳方法

针对高含水原油破乳中广泛采用的热化学法,试验研究了加热温度、加入破乳剂量对破乳效果和破乳速率的影响.试验结果表明,对一定量的原油乳状液,破乳剂用量均在一个最佳值;温度会影响破乳剂的最佳值,随温度升高,原油乳状液破乳时所使用的破乳剂用量的最佳值降低;同时,加入的破乳剂量对乳状液脱水速率也有一定的影响.     

Gel Chromatographic Isolation of Resins and Asphaltene Material in Crude Oils

Abstract

A new method is described for fast, simple, and quantitative isolation of high molecular resinous and asphaltene material in crude oils without any alteration of the petroleum constituents. The method is based on gel permeation on Sephadex LH-20 using chloroform as the mobile phase which isolates the high molecular weight resins and asphaltene material from the remainder of the crude oil, and a subsequent gel filtration on Sephadex LH-60 separates resins from asphaltenes if required.     

Quantitative and Chemical Fingerprint Analysis for the Quality Evaluation of Isatis indigotica based on Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detector Combined with Chemometric Methods

A simple and reliable method of ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (UPLC-PDA) was developed to control the quality of Radix Isatidis (dried root of Isatis indigotica) for chemical fingerprint analysis and quantitative analysis of eight bioactive constituents, including R,S-goitrin, progoitrin, epiprogoitrin, gluconapin, adenosine, uridine, guanosine, and hypoxanthine. In quantitative analysis, the eight components showed good regression (R > 0.9997) within test ranges, and the recovery method ranged from 99.5% to 103.0%. The UPLC fingerprints of the Radix Isatidis samples were compared by performing chemometric procedures, including similarity analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and principal component analysis. The chemometric procedures classified Radix Isatidis and its finished products such that all samples could be successfully grouped according to crude herbs, prepared slices, and adulterant Baphicacanthis cusiae Rhizoma et Radix. The combination of quantitative and chromatographic fingerprint analysis can be used for the quality assessment of Radix Isatidis and its finished products.     

Investigation of methods for determining the refining efficiency of crude oils

Conclusions Various methods for estimating the neutral oil content, or conversely the loss constituents of crude cottonseed oil and soybean oil, have been explored. Of those techniques studied the International Chemical Union chromatographic procedure seemed most appropriate because it was found to be reasonably accurate and most reproducible, was easy and rapid to carry out, and required no special, elaborate, or expensive equipment. The chromatographic method has been successfully applied to a variety of crude cottonseed and soybean oils and to a few vegetable oil residues containing high percentages of loss constituents. The results obtained with this technique would appear to be eminently suitable for evaluating the efficiency of plant refining processes. Indications are that the method might ultimately prove useful for establishing the value of the various lots of crude cottonseed oil and soybean oil which normally change hands in commercial channels. The last-mentioned application will probably have to wait for the development of a suitable companion, semimicro, or chromatographic bleach test and the adoption of an adequate acceptable standard spectrophotometric method for measuring oil color. Presented at annual fall meeting, American Oil Chemists' Society, Chicago, Oct. 31-Nov. 2, 1949     

胡十二块油藏流体性质研究

胡十二块目前面临着高含水低采出程度的问题 ,造成该状况的主要原因是胡十二块为严重非均质油藏。通过对胡十二块油藏内流体性质及变化规律的研究 ,充分认识了胡十二块原油物性、化学组成及油田水在注水开发中的变化 ,并进一步研究了流体性质在油田开发中的应用     

Determination of mono- and diglycerides in palm oil,olein and stearin

Partial glycerides are important constituents of palm oil and can have significant effects on the physical properties of products containing palm oil or on the fractionation of palm oil. A method is described for their routine determination in palm oil. By analysis of 28 weekly composite samples of crude palm oil the following results were obtained: free fatty acids, mean=3.76%, range 2.4 to 4.5%; monoglycerides, mean=0.28%, range 0.21 to 0.34%; diglycerides, mean=6.30%, range 5.3 to 7.7%. During detergent fractionation of palm oil, diglycerides concentrate in the palm olein, but monoglycerides concentrate in the palm stearin. Palm fatty acid distillate was found to contain approximately 3% each of mono- and diglycerides. Because the refining and fractionation processes are continuous in the refinery, it is not possible to follow a single identifiable batch of crude palm oil through the refinery. To circumvent this problem, crude palm oil, stearin and olein from the refinery were bleached and steam refined in the laboratory and the partial glyceride contents determined at each stage of processing. Except for fractionation, the content of glycerides did not change during processing. For oil, olein and stearin, monoglycerides were reduced significantly both after bleaching and after steam refining.     

青霉素工业盐中蛋白质的检测

为了对青霉素工业盐中蛋白质浓度进行检测,监控产品质量,采用考马斯亮蓝（Coomassie Brilliant Blue）法对青霉素工业盐中蛋白质浓度进行检测,并对检测方法进行验证,检测波长为595 nm。蛋白质含量在0.000～100.000μg范围内成良好线性,相关系数r=0.998 1,平均回收率为99.28%（n=3）。采用考马斯亮蓝法对青霉素工业盐进行检测,灵敏度高,准确、可靠,可作为青霉素工业盐的质量控制方法。     

不同分析条件对测定粗苯中三苯含量的影响

在测定粗苯中三苯含量的分析中,通过采用不同色谱柱的长度、柱流量、试样的进样量来探讨分析条件对面积归一法测定粗苯中三苯含量结果的影响。     

Modeling of oil near-infrared spectroscopy based on similarity and transfer learning algorithm

Near-infrared spectroscopy mainly reflects the frequency-doubled and total-frequency absorption information of hydrogen-containing groups (0 -H, C-H, N-H, S-H) in organic molecules for near-infrared lights with different wavelengths, so it is applicable to testing of most raw materials and products in the field of petrochemicals. However, the modeling process needs to collect a large number of laboratory analysis data. There are many oil sources in China, and oil properties change frequently. Modeling of each raw material is not only unfeasible but also will affect its engineering application efficiency. In order to achieve rapid modeling of near-infrared spectroscopy and based on historical data of different crude oils under different detection conditions, this paper discusses about the feasibility of the application of transfer learning algorithm and makes it possible that transfer learning can assist in rapid modeling using certain historical data under similar distributions under a small quantity of new data. In consideration of the requirement of transfer learning for certain similarity of different datasets, a transfer learning method based on local similarity feature selection is proposed. The simulation verification of spectral data of 13 crude oils measured by three different probe detection methods is performed. The effectiveness and application scope of the transfer modeling method under different similarity conditions are analyzed.