基于延拓与可变余弦窗的经验模态分解改进算法研究

针对经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)中存在的边界效应及边界发散现象随着筛选层次的增加而增加的问题,提出一种利用延拓与可变余弦窗相结合的改进新方法。首先对信号进行延拓处理,增加一定长度的数据,实现延拓数据与原始信号交界处的光滑过度。其次,根据信号边界的发散程度,在逐层提取各阶本征模函数（Intrinsic Model Function,IMF）之前,在信号两端加上宽度可变的余弦窗函数,使得每一个IMF分量边界发散问题最小化,保证信号有效数据的正确分解,实现EMD边界处理算法的改进。仿真和实例信号分析表明,该方法能较好地抑制EMD边界效应,有效地提取故障信号中的特征信息。     

基于匹配延拓的ITD边界效应抑制方法研究

作为一种新的非平稳信号处理方法,固有时间尺度分解法在将复杂的非平稳信号分解为若干个固有旋转分量过程中,存在着严重的边界效应问题。本文针对抑制边界效应提出了五种数据延拓方法：自适应波形匹配、基于AR模型的延拓方法、镜像延拓方法、多项式延拓方法、反对称周期延拓法。通过数学模拟实验比较这五种方法的抑制效果,选出最优方法。将最优方法用于仿真信号和轴承故障振动信号分析,结果表明该方法能够有效地抑制边界效应,可更好地提取机电设备故障特征。.     

水声信号部份截取法消除边界散射干扰影响

本文通过实验论证了在有限尺度实验水池条件下采用部分截取直达声脉冲信号的方法研究声传播特性的可行性，该方法只对未被边界散射干扰的直达声脉冲信号进行部分截取，因而可以根本上消除掉边界散射对直达声脉冲信号的干扰，有效地提高了信号自理结果的可信度，该方法可降低在水声模拟实验研究中对水池尺度和边界条件的要求，具有重要的实际意义。     

离散小波变换快速卷积算法研究

传统的离散小波变换（Discrete wavelet transform, DWT）卷积算法通常采用延拓方法来解决边界效应,处理速度会受到一定影响。为了进一步提高使用DWT的实时性,提出了一种新的离散卷积快速实现算法。该方法利用前后端卷积结果对边界小波系数进行校正,有效地解决了卷积运算中的边界效应问题,并减少了计算量。仿真试验和工程应用结果表明该算法能用于分析平稳信号和非平稳信号,具有很高的分解和重构精度以及很好的边界处理性能,并且计算速度比传统方法有较大提高,具有显著的工程应用价值。     

一维动边界问题的一种变分解法及应用

本文从可运边界变分原理出发，讨论了一模型问题，即一维弹塑性扭转问题在引区间映射后分时产生的矛盾，并给出了正确的变分列式，同时为进一步认识用可动边界变分原理求解弹塑性问题的性质，我们用线性有限元求解一维问题，给出了解的分布及收敛情况。     

基于小波去噪和EMD的信号瞬时参数提取

为了消除随机噪声对经验模式分解（EMD）质量的影响，提出利用小波去噪作为EMD的预处理，并结合希耳伯特变换提取信号瞬时参数的方法。研究了经验模式分解与希耳伯特变换相结合的提取信号瞬时参数的EMD／HS法，并针对随机噪声的影响，提出了基于阈值的正交小波变换去噪法。理论分析及仿真结果表明，该法克服了直接运用EMD分解中由于大量噪声带来的不必要的干扰，减少了EMD的分解层数以及累积边界效应对信号分析的影响，提高了瞬时参数提取的时效性和准确性。     

基于小波变换和反向传播网络的模态参数辨识

为了减小连续小波变换带来的边界效应对模态参数识别的影响,提出利用人工神经网络对自由衰减响应信号进行双向延拓。设计了多输入单输出的反向传播网络,网络根据当前有限多个离散采样点数据预测下一时刻信号的幅值,训练网络的样本来自于对原始信号的简单分组。使用数值仿真和实验检验了提出方法的实用性。实验装置是用于微创外科手术机器人的力传感器。结果表明提出的方法能够准确地从短信号中辨识出阻尼比和无阻尼自振频率。     

薄板结构边界支承刚度的识别

本文用动态测试与边界元法数值计算相结合的方法来识别薄板结构的边界支承的刚度参数。薄板在给定的激励下,根据在薄板有限点上振动响应的测量值,利用结构边界积分方程的解析关系即可较准确地估算出边界支承的参数。在建立边界积分方程中,采用了近似基本解技术。通过算例,验证了方法的可行性和有效性,其识别精度对工程问题来说,是足够满意的。     

物品包装系统位移损坏边界

Ｒ．Ｅ．Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ提出的基于物品易损度的加速度损坏边界概念及其表达式仅反映了为保护物品安全，对其加速度响应的限制，未考虑缓冲衬垫压缩变形范围有限的制约条件。本文对物品的相位位移响应引入约束条件，首次定义了物品包装位移易损度及位移损坏边界，与加速度损坏边界相结合，用以确定物品包装系统的安全区，讨论了两类损坏边界的关系。并推导了后峰锯齿脉冲及矩形脉冲作用下，双线性及线性包装系统损坏边界的表达式。     

地下结构静-动力分析中的人工边界转换方法研究

对同时考虑静力效应和动力效应的地下结构静-动力分析问题,静力分析与动力分析的人工边界转换对动力分析结果有较大的影响。通过对人工边界转换方法边界转换原理的分析,表明以静力分析结果中的应力场为初始条件进行动力分析时,在输入静应力场的同时输入引起此应力场的荷载和边界条件,以及去掉边界约束条件的同时施加以相应的约束反力,均可保证模型在动力计算初始时刻为静力平衡状态。提出了一种在动力分析中施加零动力荷载的方法来检验静、动力人工边界转换的误差。算例表明采用粘弹性静-动力统一人工边界及其相应计算方法时,该边界在某些地下结构静力计算中存在较大误差。通过分析,推荐了较为合理的地下结构静-动力分析人工边界转换方法。该方法在人工边界转换时先去掉静力分析的约束,并在施加动力人工边界进入动力分析前将静力分析的荷载、静力场和约束反力一并输入模型。通过算例分析,验证了该方法的合理性。     

Signal processor implementation of variable digital filters

The implementation of two recently introduced variable digital filter schemes using a TMS320-series digital signal processor is presented. One is a method for updating the coefficients of an FIR (finite-impulse response) filter in a simple manner such that the cutoff frequencies can be controlled through a single parameter. The other is a method for tuning the cutoff frequency of an IIR (infinite-impulse response) filter with one parameter using a series expansion of the low-pass-low-pass frequency transformation. The measured frequency responses compare well with the theory     

Characterization of Frequency Stability: Effect of RF Filtering

This paper shows that the RF filtering of a signal generated by an oscillator affects the characterization of the frequency stability in a manner that differs from the filtering of the phase of this signal. The effect on both the frequency domain and the time domain measurement is considered. It is shown that the spectral density of the phase fluctuations of the filtered signal is a function of the spectral densities of the amplitude fluctuations and of the phase fluctuations of the original signal. The corresponding expression for the two-sample variance (Allan variance) is then also a function of these two contributions. Detailed calculation is made for the case of a signal with frequency stability limited by white phase noise and filtered by a first-order, low-pass filter. It is found that the frequency stability is improved by more filtering if the cutoff frequency, fc, is higher than the signal frequency, f0, as is the case for phase filtering. However, the stability will degrade with more filtering if fc < f0. An optimum frequency stability is reached when fc = f0/?2. Experimental measurements confirm these theoretical predictions.     

Image deblurring using empirical Wiener filter in the curvelet domain and joint non-local means filter in the spatial domain

In this paper, an efficient image deblurring algorithm is proposed. This algorithm restores the blurred image by incorporating a curvelet-based empirical Wiener filter with a spatial-based joint non-local means filter. Curvelets provide a multidirectional and multiscale decomposition that has been mathematically shown to represent distributed discontinuities such as edges better than traditional wavelets. Our method restores the image in the frequency domain to obtain a noisy result with minimal loss of image components, followed by an empirical Wiener filter in the curvelet domain to attenuate the leaked noise. Although the curvelet-based methods are efficient in edge-preserving image denoising, they are prone to producing edge ringing which relates to the structure of the underlying curvelet. In order to reduce the ringing, we develop an efficient joint non-local means filter by using the curvelet deblurring result. This filter could suppress the leaked noise while preserving image details. We compare our deblurring algorithm with a few competitive deblurring techniques in terms of improvement in signal-to-noise-ratio (ISNR) and visual quality.     

快速傅里叶变换FFT及其应用

利用快速傅里叶变换FFT将图像信号从空间域转换到频域进行分析,使快速卷积、目标识别等许多算法易于实现;然后根据图像信号的灰度结构特征和频谱分布,用Butterworth带通滤波器和二维维纳滤波器进行滤波处理,去除图像信号中的低频干扰和噪声信号;再利用傅里叶反变换将信号还原。结果显示,处理后的模拟远程高空卫星照片轮廓清晰可见。     

Film-head pulse distortion due to microvariation of domain wallenergy

Experiments show that the location of spurious peaks on the trailing edges of data pulses is strongly influenced by the application of small DC bias currents to the head coil during readback. A simple model of the head response which includes both magnetization rotation and domain wall motion for the case where domain wall coercivity is comparable to signal fields in the head reproduces many of the features of the observations. Calculations show that fields in pole tips during reading can exceed the wall-motion coercive force of permalloy. It is demonstrated that the resulting domain wall motion could give rise to the spurious signals sometimes seen in thin-film heads. It is proposed that such heads contain domain walls parallel to the signal flux path. The observed oscillations in the spurious response are primarily caused by filter dynamics, not domain wall dynamics     

A theoretical framework for performance characterization of elastography: the strain filter

This paper presents a theoretical framework for performance characterization in strain estimation, which includes the effect of signal decorrelation, quantization errors due to the finite temporal sampling rate, and electronic noise. An upper bound on the performance of the strain estimator in elastography is obtained from a strain filter constructed using these limits. The strain filter is a term used to describe the nonlinear filtering process in the strain domain (due to the ultrasound system and signal processing parameters) that allows the elastographic depiction of a limited range of strains from the compressed tissue. The strain filter predicts the elastogram quality by specifying the elastographic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR(e)), sensitivity, and the strain dynamic range at a given resolution. The dynamic range is limited by decorrelation errors for large tissue strain values, and electronic noise for low strain values. Tradeoffs between different techniques used to enhance elastogram image quality may also be analyzed using the strain filter.     

Open-loop operation experiments in a resonator fiber-optic gyro using the phase modulation spectroscopy technique

A detection system in the resonator fiber-optic gyro is set up by the phase modulation (PM) spectroscopy technique. The slope of the demodulated curve near the resonant point is found to affect the ultimate sensitivity of the gyro. To maximize the demodulated signal slope, the modulation frequency and index are optimized by the expansion of the Bessel function and optical field overlapping method. Using different PM frequencies for the light waves, the open-loop gyro output signal is observed. The modulation frequency in this PM technique is limited only by the cutoff frequency of the LiNbO3 phase modulators, which can reach several gigahertz. This detection technique and system can be applied to the resonator micro-optic gyro with a less than 10 cm long integrated optical ring.     

基于奇异值分解和灰靶决策的车刀磨损状态判别

针对随机噪声干扰车刀磨损振动信号时域特征提取,车刀磨损判别精度不高的问题,提出一种通过小波包变换和相关系数法提取车刀振动信号的磨损时域特征,采用奇异值分解对磨损时域特征进行去噪处理,去噪处理后获取磨损时域特征。选取与车刀磨损最相关的磨损特征作为参考特征序列,计算参考特征序列与其余磨损特征序列之间的相似关联度,对相似关联度归一化处理得到各磨损时域特征的权值,使用灰靶决策计算各磨损时域特征的综合测度,确定车刀磨损状态。实验结果表明:该方法可以有效地滤除随机噪声干扰。     

基于SRC模式识别方法的柴油机故障诊断研究

测量了五种柴油机常见故障时的缸盖表面振动信号,并利用S变换对其中燃烧激励的响应信号进行时频分析.基于SRC方法找出最能表征各种故障特征的时频域,根据时频域的频率范围,设计FIR带通滤波器,并对不同故障下燃烧激励的响应信号进行滤波,滤波后的信号作为该故障的故障模板.进行故障识别时,首先用滤波器对燃烧激励的响应信号进行滤波,将滤波后的信号与故障模板进行相关分析,根据相关系数的大小来判别故障.典型故障的模拟试验表明,SRC方法具有较高的故障分辨能力.     

Digital-to-analog conversion by pulse-count modulation methods

Three low-cost digital-to-analog converters (DACs) are described and compared. These designs can easily be implemented in an integrated circuit: the conventional pulse-width modulation (PWM) DAC, the new pulse-count modulation (PCM) DAC and the first-order noise shaping (FONS) DAC. All three methods control the ratio of the sum of all pulse durations to the constant total period. As the pulse durations are integral multiples of a unit pulse, all three can be classified as pulse-count modulation methods. Block diagrams of all three DACs consisting of a simple digital circuit and a low-pass filter are presented. For a constant digital input value the worst case ripple of the filter output is used to calculate the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter. Approximations for the 3 dB cutoff frequency of first-order, second-order and fourth-order Butterworth low-pass filters are given. The dynamic properties are analyzed in the time domain (settling time) and in the frequency domain (unfiltered output spectrum of a full-scale sine wave input). The main influences on the static accuracy are analyzed. A case study demonstrates the abilities of PCM and FONS