自然通风技术在绿色建筑中的应用实践

论文介绍自然通风原理,自然通风效果评价指标,自然通风应用技术手段及应用局限性。通过实际的自然通风应用技术案例,分析了自然通风在建筑中的应用效果对今后自然通风技术应用也提出展望。     

绿色建筑中拔风井自然通风效果检测方法探讨

当前我国大力发展绿色建筑,相关政策及标准重点强调自然通风在建筑中的应用,拔风井自然通风是近年来应用比较多的一种形式。介绍了拔风井自然通风的检测方法、评价指标以及检测案例,为评估拔风井自然通风的实际应用效果,提供可行性检测方法及可量化指标。     

自然通风浅析及工程应用

自然通风的目的是为了改善室内空气品质,排除室内污染物,自然通风在建筑节能中越来越被人们重视。根据其原理有：风压通风、热压通风、风压和热压共同作用的自然通风。文章中分析了自然通风的优缺点及其应用场合、自然通风设计的影响限制因素和自然通风的研究方法,结合工程应用实例,进一步讨论目前常见的自然通风应用技术。     

自然通风的应用形式及节能与舒适性探讨

介绍了自然通风的形成机理及在现代建筑中的应用形式.分析了自然通风的节能性与舒适性.同时,也指出了自然通风的问题所在以及研究方向.     

上海浦东国际机场T2航站楼自然通风研究

介绍了上海浦东国际机场T2航站楼的建筑概况、地理位置、气候特点及自然通风的研究目的;重点阐述自然通风研究的方法、设计方案的可行性和设计标准;通过外部环境风研究和内部自然通风研究,比较了主楼设置屋面天窗排风口与设置东、西侧墙高位排风口的自然通风效果;结合实际应用的可操作性,确定了合理的通风方案.     

关于自然通风CFD算法几点探讨

首先阐述了自然通风在建筑环境控制中应用的重要性及自然通风的优点,提出了当前自然通风研究的两种主要方法,分析了每种方法的优点和不足,接着对自然通风的CFD方法进行了分析,根据gambit和fluent软件的特点提出了一种新的计算方法,并结合文献实测数据对该方法的正确性进行了验证,分析了误差产生的原因,结果表明该方法对自然通风的模拟是可行的。最后对四种条件下风压作用下的自然通风情况进行了模拟计算,并对计算结果进行了分析比较。     

太阳能烟囱强化自然通风的发展现状研究

综合介绍了太阳能烟囱强化自然通风的主要结构形式(Trombe墙式太阳能烟囱、竖直集热板屋顶式太阳能烟囱、倾斜集热板屋顶式太阳能烟囱)以及研究现状;在总结国内外学者主要研究成果的基础上,指出了目前太阳能强烟囱化自然通风研究应用中存在的问题及今后的研究方向。     

Cadna A在自然通风冷却塔降噪中的应用

基于德国Data K ustik公司开发的Cadna A计算机辅助软件,通过两座自然通风冷却塔降噪项目,简要介绍了该软件的应用,包括数据准备、建筑物的建模及反射损失的设置、地势信息的导入、降噪措施的设置等,预测了自然通风冷却塔在治理前后对周围声环境的影响,并与现场实测值进行比较,结果表明预测值与实测值相差较小。     

太阳能在建筑自然通风设计中的应用

本文首先分析研究了自然通风在建筑物节能方面的影响以及在建筑设计中如何合理应用自然通风,太阳能不仅可以用来增加房内空气的温度,而且还可用于自然通风,最后系统分析了利用太阳能减少建筑的能耗,使设计节能的建筑通风成为现实。     

自然通风对细水雾降温速率影响研究

在受限空间通过模拟试验研究细水雾作用下烟气温度的变化规律。实验中通过改变通风口面积、通风口与火源的相对位置及喷雾强度等因素,研究自然通风对细水雾降温速率的影响规律,定量地表征不同自然通风条件下降温速率的衰减比例,实验发现增加喷雾强度可以降低自然通风造成的降温速率衰减。研究结果可为细水雾灭火系统的工程应用和优化设计提供必要的参考依据。     

有缺陷和无缺陷量子点内应变分布的比较与分析

阐述了量子点内能级结构与应变的关系,用ANSYS7．1计算了有缺陷和无缺陷两种情况下：InAs／GaAs量子点的应变分布,通过对计算结果的比较,讨论了两种情况下不同的应变分布对量子点电子结构影响的不同结果,指出有缺陷时量子点各能级的改变量都与无缺陷时不同,无缺陷时应变的作用只是使能级平行移动;有缺陷时,缺陷将使量子点内能级结构复杂化,有缺陷时发光波长和发光光谱都比无缺陷时复杂。     

多壁碳纳米管对鲤鱼各组织SOD酶活性的影响

应用浸浴法研究多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）对鲤鱼（cyprinl Jscarpioio）腮、肝、肾和脑中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的影响,结果显示：低浓度（0．1,lmg·L^-1）处理组暴露后3d,腮和肝中的SOD活性显著高于对照组（p〈0．01）,肾和脑中SOD活性与对照组无显著差异（p〉0．05）。随着暴露时间延长,各组活性降低,至9d,肝和肾中SOD活性显著低于对照组（p〈0．05）,腮和脑中SOD活性与对照组无显著差异（p〉0．05）。高浓度（10mg·L^-1）处理组,整个暴露期间,肝中SOD的活性显著低于对照组（p〈0．01）,脑中SOD的活性与对照组无显著差异（p〉0．05）,腮和肾中SOD活性在暴露后3d,与对照组无显著差异（p〉0．05）,暴露后6d、9d,活性显著低于对照组（p〈0．05）。提示：MWCNTs对鲤鱼各组织中SOD酶活性的影响有时间和浓度依赖性。     

Testing of explosive welding and welded joints. Wavy character of the process and joint quality

The basic defects occuring in explosive clad plates were properly systemized and the reasons of their formation were explained. Cases of cracks and delaminations in explosive clad plates were examined in this work. Various values of tensile stresses coming from loading and unloading waves were analysed, as they were the main reason of defects. The defects were connected with properties of welded materials in the joint area and beyond it. Some practical aspects of this process were shown as well.     

磁性高分子微球研究进展

对磁性高分子微球的研究进展进行了综述，介绍了各类微球的制备方法及相关原理。在此基础上，概述了磁性高分子微球在磁性塑料、固定化酶、细胞分离和靶向药物等领域的应用情况，并对磁性高分子微球的未来研究方向进行了展望。     

碳纳米管-铜复合粉的制备

用CVD法制备碳纳米管,将碳纳米管超声分散在硫酸铜水溶液中,经过脱水、氢还原,制得碳纳米管-铜复合粉体。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)对样品进行了表征。结果表明,碳纳米管在复合粉体中分散均匀,一些碳纳米管与纳米铜粒子结合在一起或被铜包覆。     

电致变色氧化镍薄膜的注入离子及离子注入位置研究

用红外透射率分析方法研究了氧化镍薄膜在原始、致色和消化的红外透射率光谱,用Ｘ－射线衍射方法测量了在ＫＯＨ和ＬｉＣｌＯ４－ＰＣ电解液中致色和消色时,氧化镍多晶薄膜在（１１１）和（２００）方向衍射峰位的移动,分析了注入离子种类和离子注入位置,认为在ＫＯＨ电解液中致色时,注入离子为ＯＨ,离子的注入位置在晶普的间界。在ＬｉＣｌＯ４－ＰＣ电解液中,Ｌｉ＾＋离子的注入位置同样在晶粒的间界。     

Prevalence of alcohol and drugs among Norwegian motor vehicle drivers: a roadside survey

The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of alcohol, psychoactive medicinal drugs and illegal drugs among drivers in Norwegian road traffic. Drivers of motor vehicles were selected from April 2005 to April 2006 in the south-eastern part of Norway, surrounding, but not including the capital, Oslo. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling procedure was used. In the first stage, random road sites and time intervals were selected, and in the second stage, drivers were stopped by random at those sites and time intervals. Altogether about 12,000 drivers were asked to provide a sample of oral fluid (saliva) and answer a few questions. Samples of oral fluid were obtained from 88% of the drivers, of whom 30% were females and 70% males. The prevalence of each drug was estimated by a weighted average using weights adjusted for under- or over-sampling compared to traffic statistics. Alcohol or drugs were found in oral fluid samples of 4.5% of the drivers; alcohol in 0.4%, psychoactive medicinal drugs in 3.4%, and illegal drugs in 1.0%. Illegal drugs were found more frequently in samples from younger drivers, while psychoactive medicinal drugs were more frequently found in samples from older drivers. Psychoactive medicinal drugs were more prevalent among females than males, among drivers stopped on working days rather than weekends, and among those who reported annual driving distances less than 16,000km. The drugs found most frequently were zopiclone (1.4%), benzodiazepines (1.4%), codeine (0.8%), tetrahydrocannabinol (0.6%) and amphetamines (0.3%). Two or more drugs were found in 0.6% of the samples, corresponding to 15% of the drug-positive drivers.     

复合电沉积法制备Ni-P-W-WC镀层及性能研究

运用电沉积法制备Ni-P-W-WC复合镀层,着重研究了制备工艺和镀层性能.以镀层中碳化钨含量、镀速和镀层外观为指标,探讨了电流密度、电沉积时间、镀液中WC含量、镀液中钨酸钠含量、镀液pH等因素影响规律,确定了复合镀层的最佳工艺条件为:以Ni为阳极、电沉积时间为40 min、镀液中WC含量为14 g/L、镀液中钨酸钠含量为120 g/L、镀液pH为4.0、电流密度是4A/dm2.并用扫描电镜、X-衍射分析仪、阳极极化曲线等手段表征了复合镀层的形貌、结构、耐蚀性、抗氧化性等性能,结果表明,与Ni-P-W复合镀层相比,Ni-P-W-WC复合镀层有良好的综合性能.     

飞行员对黑体汉字字形的视觉偏好研究

本文针对飞机驾驶舱控制面板字符标识,以常用的10种黑体汉字共组成45对字符作为材料,以153名现役飞行员为对象进行调查。在完成字体的两两比较之后,还要求飞行员根据自己的总体印象推荐出自己认为最适用于控制面板的两种黑体字形。依据调查结果,推荐了符合飞行员使用需求和视觉偏好的3种黑体字形,分别是5号(汉鼎简黑变)、1号(创意简粗黑)和2号(方正美黑简体)字体。为飞机驾驶舱控制面板黑体汉字标识的选用提供了参考依据。     

Distribution of organochlorine pesticides in surface water and sediments from Qiantang River, East China

The levels of 13 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in surface water and sediments from Qiantang River in East China were investigated to evaluate their potential pollution and risks. A total of 180 surface water samples at 45 sampling sites and 48 sediment samples at 19 sampling stations were collected along the river in four seasons of 2005. Soil samples and wet deposition samples were also collected to provide evidence on the source of OCPs pollution. The total OCPs concentrations in surface water and sediments were 7.68-269.4 ng/L and 23.11-316.5 ng/g-dry weight (dw), respectively. The concentrations of OCPs in sediments were in the range of 8.22-152.1 ng/g-dw for HCHs (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-HCH), 1.14-100.2 ng/g-dw for DDTs (p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT o,p'-DDD), 9.41-69.66 ng/g-dw for other OCPs (aldrin, diedrin, endrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide). The total OCPs concentrations in soils and wet deposition were 5.04-214.9 ng/g-dw and 16.18-242.4 ng/L, respectively. Among the OCPs, HCHs, DDTs and heptachlor were the most dominant compounds in the sediments. The dominant OCPs in water were gamma-HCH among HCHs, heptachlor among other OCPs and p,p'-DDE among DDTs. Also, different contamination patterns among sampling seasons were found. The concentrations of OCPs in sediment collected in spring were higher than those in summer and autumn. In contrast, the concentrations of OCPs in surface water in summer and autumn were higher among four sampling seasons. Distribution of HCHs, DDTs and other OCPs were different indicating their different contamination sources. The notable contamination was found in Fuchun reservoir. Composition analyses in sediments indicated a recent usage or discharge of lindane into the river.