我国新一代极轨气象卫星（风云三号） 工程地面应用系统

风云三号气象卫星是实现全球、全天候、多光谱、三维、定量遥感的我国第二代极轨气象卫星系列,已成为世界气象组织在亚洲的重要业务卫星,为提高我国气象卫星在世界气象组织卫星观测系统中的地位奠定了重要的基础,世界气象组织已将风云三号气象卫星纳入世界气象卫星全球观测业务序列。依靠我国自主力量设计与建设的新一代极轨气象卫星风云三号地面应用系统首次利用海内外接收站网实现了上、下午星全球资料的高时效获取,首次利用国产卫星实现了大气三维探测,实现了臭氧和辐射收支等探测的高精度处理,突破了卫星资料定量反演、数值预报同化应用以及气候应用等核心技术。     

中国的极轨气象卫星

气象卫星是具有巨大经济和社会效益的应用卫星，中国的极轨气象卫星经历了从试验阶段到业务应用阶段的发展历程。文章简要介绍了“风云一号”（FY-1）极轨气象卫星的发展概况和技术性能，星载十通道扫描辐射计和长寿命、高可靠极轨卫星平台取得的成功；重点介绍了中国新一代的极轨气象卫星“风云三号”（FY-3）的总体概况，归纳了卫星的技术特点。     

风云三号气象卫星微波温度计（MWTS）

微波温度计是一个多通道的被动微波辐射计,用于风云三号气象卫星,风云三号工作在太阳同步轨道。本文描述了微波温度计的功能和性能,微波温度计系统由天线子系统、接收子系统、信号处理和控制子系统、定标子系统和扫描伺服子系统组成,微波温度计的4个接收通道的中心频率分别为50.30 GHz、53.596 GHz、54.94 GHz和57.29 GHz,用于探测大气垂直温度分布。     

浅谈我国气象卫星的发展和应用

我国是较早具备气象卫星资料记载的国家之一,且近年来我国气象卫星系统不断发展,已应用到天气预测、自然灾害监测等多个领域,发展速度另世界刮目相看,对我国不断强大发展具有重要战略意义。     

卫星气象与空间天气监测预警标准化工作进展及发展对策

一、引言 经过30多年的发展,我国的气象卫星与卫星气象事业取得突破性进展,气象卫星已初步完成了由试验业务型向应用服务型的转变,从气象卫星获取的信息已广泛应用于天气预报、气候预测、生态环境和自然灾害监测等领域,在我国的国民经济发展和国防建设中发挥了重要作用。与此同时,随着我国航天事业和现代化建设的飞速发展,空间天气监测预警业务也迅速开展并受到越来越多的重视。     

系统工程方法在风云三号极轨气象卫星地面应用系统工程中的应用

简要介绍了基于需求分析的风云三号（FY-3）卫星观测能力设计,并阐述了卫星地面应用系统如何利用系统工程方法进行地面系统顶层设计,统筹FY-3卫星和地面系统工程需求,合理布局地面接收站,科学划分地面系统各功能单元的任务,实现建成后的地面应用系统整体能力最大化。     

国家八六三计划微波遥感技术实验室

国家八六三计划微波遥感技术实验室的前身是微波遥感及信息技术实验室,是我国微波遥感开创单位之一。从20世纪70年代开始,该实验室先后承担了国家攻关、国家八六三计划、载人航天计划、中国首次探月工程计划、气象卫星、海洋卫星等国家技术攻关、科学实验和型号任务的微波遥感技术研究和微波遥感有效载荷的研制工作,填补了微波遥感技术领域的多项空白,获得多项国际、国内首创的研究成果。在七五、八五科技攻关计划中先后研制出我国第一台陆基雷达散射计、第一台机载雷达散射计、第一台机载雷达高度计;2002年末集成雷达散射计、雷达高度计和多波段微波辐射计的星载多模态微波遥感器系统成功应用于神舟4号飞船;2007年嫦娥1号卫星搭载的微波探月仪为国际首创;目前,风云3号气象卫星搭载的微波湿度计已经顺利在中高端毫米波微波辐射计、     

《中国工程科学》2006年第8卷第10期要目预告

深空探测与我国深空探测展望…………叶培建等中国的探月工程———中国航天的第三个里程碑……………栾恩杰风云气象卫星的地面应用系统…………许建民等我国天地一体化航天互联网构想…………沈荣骏中国通信及导航卫星技术与应用的发展…………………………………………范本尧航天测控系统的现状与发展………………于志坚中国空间对地观测技术发展现状及未来发展的思考…………………………………姜景山中国进入空间能力的发展与展望………王小军等资源卫星及我国的对地观测体系…………郭建宁天基发射与载人登月初探………………张泽明等…     

HY-2卫星地面应用系统综述

海洋二号(HY-2)卫星地面应用系统是HY-2卫星工程五大系统之一,具备HY-2卫星数据的接收、处理、定标和验证以及数据应用等功能。HY-2卫星地面应用系统具备稳定可靠运行的卫星接收系统,接收我国南海、东海、黄海、渤海及东北亚周边海域的实时数据;建设了包括多星运行计划管理、接收预处理、精密定轨、运控通信、数据处理、产品存档及分发服务和业务应用在内的HY-2卫星数据处理中心,每天处理海洋动力环境产品并向国内外用户提供数据分发及应用服务。为了全面的介绍HY-2卫星地面应用系统,本文分别对地面应用系统中主要分系统的组成、功能和业务流程等进行了综述。     

《气象卫星地面接收系统运行技术规范》撰写浅析

气象卫星接收事业是科技型、基础性社会公益事业，广州地面站是全国四个气象卫星接收地面站之一，以前，对地面接收系统运行技术的管理，主要还是靠维护人员所掌握的技术和维护中积累的经验。因此，制订出一份行之有效、行家认可的规范十分必要，本文中规范的撰写通过文献研究法、访谈调整法和实证分析法，参照ISO9000认证的标准，归总卫星中心近些来年发布的工作文件，借鉴国内外气象行业标准管理经验，结合广州地面站实际情况，提出完善卫星接收运行技术管理的对策，建立一种地面接收系统运行技术规范，使维护工作系统化、规范化、科学化，以尽可能地让这项工作减小对维护人员技术和经验的过分依赖，将来也把规范引入智能化管理平台。     

Survey of satellite meteorology

This paper reviews the developmental growth in the field of satellite meteorology. The evolution of space-based meteorological observations has been traced back to 1947 and its incremental growth in polar as well as geostationary orbits has been scanned, covering the efforts of all the nations, with a view to service the curiosity of multidisciplinary readership. As the meteorological satellites have also catered to disciplines other than meteorology, the overall applications potential has been discussed before discussing specific meteorology-oriented utilization of weather satellites. The synoptic utilization of weather satellite imagery, over a period of two decades, by the practising meteorologist has been illustrated. These satellites offer great potential for quantitative studies and realisation of these in our country needs converged, determined and dedicated efforts. To serve this cause the quantitative products have been discussed a little elaborately and cover the estimation of sea surface temperature, humidity and temperature profiles, cloud level winds, precipitation and thunderstorm growth parameter. The utility of weather satellites data in defence perations (specifically in the erosion estimation for advanced ballistics re-entry systems) has also been briefly mentioned. The paper also mentions future developments in space-based sensing of cloud physics parameters, atmospheric surface pressure estimation, winds estimation using Lidar and the availability of new operational sensors under the Advanced TIROS-N (ATN) series.     

基于知识的卫星故障诊断与预测方法

卫星结构的复杂性、运行环境的独特性和诱发故障的多源性，使得卫星故障的诊断与预测较一般设备困难。通常，一种形式的推理只能诊断和预测卫星的一类故障。文章提出了同时应用多种形式推理进行卫星故障诊断和预测的新方法，此方法已成功地应用于基于知识的卫星故障诊断与恢复系统的开发，并取得了显著的效果。     

China’s Recoverable Satellites and Their Onboard Experiments

Twenty-three recoverable satellites have been successfully launched in China since 1975. A number of microgravity experiments were successfully performed by utilizing the piggyback capability of the satellite together with other tasks of the previous flights. This paper presents firstly an overview of the recoverable satellite development in China. Main characteristics of Chinese recoverable satellites and the onboard scientific experiments are then discussed. The environment, support, and the interface between the working payload and satellite during different design and manufacture phases are also briefly described, followed by future trends of platform technology and potential applications.     

Formal Specification and Quantitative Analysis of a Constellation of Navigation Satellites

Navigation satellites are a core component of navigation satellite‐based systems such as Global Positioning System, Global Navigation Satellite System and Galileo, which provide location and timing information for a variety of uses. Such satellites are designed for operating on orbit to perform tasks and have lifetimes of 10 years or more. Reliability, availability and maintainability analysis of systems has been indispensable in the design phase of satellites in order to achieve minimum failures or to increase mean time between failures and thus to plan maintenance strategies, optimise reliability and maximise availability. In this paper, we present formal models of both a single satellite and a navigation satellite constellation and logical specification of their reliability, availability and maintainability properties, respectively. The probabilistic model checker PRISM has been used to perform automated analysis of these quantitative properties. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamic Resource Pricing and Allocation in Multilayer Satellite Network

The goal of delivering high-quality service has spurred research of 6G satellite communication networks. The limited resource-allocation problem has been addressed by next-generation satellite communication networks, especially multilayer networks with multiple low-Earth-orbit (LEO) and non-low-Earth-orbit (NLEO) satellites. In this study, the resource-allocation problem of a multilayer satellite network consisting of one NLEO and multiple LEO satellites is solved. The NLEO satellite is the authorized user of spectrum resources and the LEO satellites are unauthorized users. The resource allocation and dynamic pricing problems are combined, and a dynamic game-based resource pricing and allocation model is proposed to maximize the market advantage of LEO satellites and reduce interference between LEO and NLEO satellites. In the proposed model, the resource price is formulated as the dynamic state of the LEO satellites, using the resource allocation strategy as the control variable. Based on the proposed dynamic game model, an open-loop Nash equilibrium is analyzed, and an algorithm is proposed for the resource pricing and allocation problem. Numerical simulations validate the model and algorithm.     

The telecommand system

The telecommand system plays an important role in the success of any satellite mission. This paper provides insights into the design, development and evolution of theAryabhata telecommand system. The paper includes detailed specifications and performance of both the ground and onboard segments of the telecommand system.     

The performance comparison between GPs and BeiDou‐2/compass: A perspective from Asia

Abstract

The next decade promises drastic improvements to global navigation satellite systems. The USA is modernizing GPS, Russia is refreshing GLONASS, Europe is moving ahead with its own Galileo system, and The People's Republic of China is expanding its BeiDou‐1 system from a regional navigation system to a full constellation global navigation satellite system known as BeiDou‐2/Compass, which consists of thirty five satellites including geostationary satellites, MEO satellites and geosynchronous satellites in the coming year. Extra satellites will make possible improved performance for all applications, and especially where satellite signals can be obscured, such as in urban canyons, under tree canopies or in open‐pit mines. The benefits of the expected extra satellites and their signals can be evaluated in terms of availability, accuracy, continuity, and reliability issues.

The advent of a hybrid GNSS constellation has drawn a lot of attention to study compatibility and interoperability. A number of performance analyses have been conducted on a global scale with respect to availability, reliability, accuracy and integrity in different simulated scenarios (such as open sky and urban canyons) for each system individually as well as for combined systems with all the possible combinations. Since the BeiDou‐2/Compass has gained more attention from GNSS communities, the main objective of this paper is to study the performance of BeiDou‐2/Compass comparied to GPS in the greater Asia region; and also to explore whether the combination of BeiDou‐2/Compass with GPS would yield performance improvements in this region.

The performance analysis can be analyzed by either the signal or the geometrical conditions. However, the scope of this study is limited to investigating the impact of current and future GNSS based on geometrical conditions. Therefore, the satellite visibility and DOP (Dilution of Precision) values of each system or possible combinations between them are used as the major indices for performance evaluation with the emphasis on the addition of Compass. In addition, those indices are further analyzed in terms of their spatial and temporal distributions with the emphasis on the greater Asia region. Moreover, the spatial performance analyses are conducted on both global and regional scales to provide more insightful comparisons to illustrate the importance of future Compass for users in the greater Asia region.     

一种高效的LEO卫星星座路由算法

针对由小卫星组成的低地球轨道(LEO)卫星星座网络的星上计算能力和存储资源有限,以及传统的星座路由算法虽能很好地适应网络的动态性但对星上计算能力和存储资源的要求都较高的问题,在基于对实际LEO卫星星座网络充分分析的基础上,提出了一种基于离线计算的简洁高效的路由算法.该算法在保证路由有效性的前提下,能够通过使用备份路径来提供流量自适应机制.复杂性分析和仿真结果表明,该算法只需较小的星上存储开销和星上处理开销,而且具有较好的端到端时延性能.该算法简洁、高效的特点使其能作为实际LEO卫星星座网络的实用化路由协议.