氧化铝多孔支撑体的制备工艺

叙述了用挤出成型法制备无机膜支撑体的工艺,研究了原料粒径、成孔剂用量和烧结温度对所制得多孔氧化铝支撑体性能的影响。研究结果表明,用粒径小于10μm的-αA l2O3粉体,以7%碳粉为成孔剂,烧结温度为1300℃,可以成功制得孔径分布较窄、平均孔径为2.1μm、孔隙率为48.9%的多通道无机膜支撑体。     

烧结工艺对石英质多孔陶瓷性能的影响

以石英砂为主要原料,采用液相烧结法,经半干压成型制备石英质多孔陶瓷.采用SEM对多孔陶瓷的显微结构进行表征.探讨了烧结温度、保温时间对多孔陶瓷孔隙率及断裂强度的影响.结果表明:随着烧结温度升高,保温时间延长,石英质多孔陶瓷的孔隙率下降、断裂强度不断增大;最佳烧结温度为1250℃,最佳保温时间为30 min.在最佳烧结工艺条件下,制备得到高孔隙率陶瓷,孔结构单一且孔径分布较窄,平均孔径大约为12.41μm.     

高性能炭分子筛膜支撑体的制备研究

采用湿法球磨与粒子烧结相结合的方法,以α-Al2O3为主要原料,干压成型法制备出性能较高的炭分子筛膜支撑体.经过各种表征手段分析,所得支撑体具有均布的孔隙结构和较窄的孔径分布,并探讨了致孔剂种类、干燥制度、烧结温度及球磨时间对炭分子筛膜支撑体性能的影响.结果表明,1 250℃下烧结然后保温2h、球磨时间为4h时,制备的高渗透通量炭分子筛膜支撑体平均孔径为0.4μm、孔隙率为46％.     

泥料含水量对粉煤灰陶瓷膜支撑体性能的影响

泥料含水量是陶瓷生产中的重要参数,会影响陶瓷的收缩率、抗弯强度等性能。以电厂粉煤灰为主要原材料、糊精为造孔剂、羧甲基纤维素为黏结剂,采用挤出成型法制备了管状多孔陶瓷膜支撑体。通过控制陶瓷泥料用水量和烧结保温时间制备了不同支撑体,并对支撑体进行性能表征,考察了泥料含水量和烧结保温时间对支撑体微观结构、收缩率、孔隙率、孔径以及机械强度等性能的影响。结果表明：在水/固质量比质量为0.19时,1 150℃保温烧结2 h获得孔隙率40.5%、抗弯强度23.6 MPa、平均孔径0.41μm的支撑体。制备的支撑体应用于脱硫废水微滤处理,固体悬浮物截留率99.98%。为制备低成本粉煤灰陶瓷膜支撑体提供研究基础,有利于膜法水处理的扩大化应用。     

高岭土为助烧剂制备多孔陶瓷膜支撑体

陶瓷膜分离技术广泛应用于石油化工,食品加工,生物医学,催化过滤等领域。目前,陶瓷膜的多孔支撑体主要以氧化铝为原料。为保持较小的渗透阻力,通常使用大粒径氧化铝的,其煅烧时需要很高的温度,能耗很高,导致多孔支撑体的成本很高。为降低其制备成本,本文采用以刚玉粉(W40,平均粒径为40μm)为主要原料,以高岭土,滑石等为塑性剂和助烧剂,研究了助烧剂含量、烧结温度对多孔陶瓷支撑体的抗折强度,孔隙率以及平均孔径的影响。实验结果表明:高岭土含量的增加会导致多孔陶瓷的孔径降低和抗折强度降低;加少量的烧滑石能明显降低多孔陶瓷的烧结温度;90wt%W40粉,2wt%烧滑石,8wt%高岭土,经1510℃煅烧2h后得到的多孔陶瓷的抗折强度为153.6MPa,孔隙率为29%,平均孔径为6.6μm。所得多孔陶瓷适于用作多孔陶瓷膜支撑体。     

烧结制度及造孔剂用量对粉煤灰基多孔陶瓷膜支撑体性能的影响

以粉煤灰为原料,采用挤压成型和固态粒子烧结法制备管状粉煤灰基多孔陶瓷膜支撑体.采用TG-DSC技术对粉煤灰进行了热分析,采用SEM和XRD技术对样品的微观结构及物相组成进行了分析,并测定了样品的开孔率、抗压强度及空气渗透速率等性能指标.研究了烧结温度、保温时间和造孔剂添加量对支撑体性能的影响.结果表明:支撑体晶相组成主要为赤铁矿、红柱石和石英;烧结温度为1000 ℃,保温2 h,仅添加1%的粘结剂,不添加造孔剂的条件下制备出的管状支撑体综合性能最优,此时的支撑体孔隙率为44.95%,抗压强度为8.92 MPa,空气渗透速率为2.57×104 m3·h-1·m-2·MPa-1.     

Al_2O_3–MgAl_2O_4复合多孔陶瓷支撑体的制备及性能

以工业级氧化铝和镁铝尖晶石为原料、石墨为造孔剂,通过干压法制备Al_2O_3–MgAl_2O_4复相多孔陶瓷支撑体。研究了原料配比、烧结温度和造孔剂含量对支撑体孔隙率、力学性能、孔径分布及耐酸碱腐蚀性的影响。结果表明:当Al_2O_3含量为90%(质量分数)、Mg Al_2O_4含量为10%、外加20%石墨时,在1 478℃烧结,制得的支撑体孔隙率为37.6%,抗弯强度为83.11 MPa,优于同等条件制备的Al_2O_3纯相支撑体的力学性能,该复相支撑体分别在80℃、10%的硫酸和氢氧化钠溶液中腐蚀24 h后,剩余抗弯强度为59.69和71.25 MPa,表明添加适量的Mg Al_2O_4,除了可以增加抗弯强度,可以提高其耐碱性能。     

低成本多孔碳化硅陶瓷支撑体的制备及耐酸碱性能优化

以工业级碳化硅为主要原料、石墨作为造孔剂,利用低值页岩制备的玻璃熔块为低温烧结助剂,通过干压成型法制备了多孔碳化硅陶瓷支撑体。研究了组成配比、烧结温度对支撑体孔隙率、孔径分布、力学性能及耐酸碱腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:在1 180℃烧结,当SiC含量为80.0%(质量分数)、玻璃熔块含量为20.0%、外加15.0%的石墨时、可制得孔隙率为36.2%、抗弯强度为67.1 MPa、平均孔径为1.37μm、纯水通量为8 075 L/(m2·h·bar)的支撑体。该支撑体分别在80℃、pH=0和pH=14的酸碱溶液中腐蚀24 h后,剩余抗弯强度分别为47.4和46.7 MPa,表现出较均衡的优异耐酸碱腐蚀性能。     

高铝粉煤灰制备陶瓷膜支撑体的性能研究

粉煤灰是电厂燃烧煤之后的固体废弃物,粉煤灰的高附加值应用是国家重点扶持的一个方向。采用高铝粉煤灰制备多孔陶瓷支撑体可以代替氧化铝多孔陶瓷在污水处理、固液分离等方面的应用,可以大大减少成本。以高铝粉煤灰为原料,分别使用淀粉和碱式碳酸镁作为造孔剂,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为粘结剂,采用模压法成型,分别在1200~1500℃烧结下制备5组不同含量的多孔陶瓷样品,并测试其孔隙率、收缩率、气通量、水通量、抗折强度等性能。实验结果表明,烧结温度和造孔剂的种类和含量对多孔陶瓷的性能影响显著。碱式碳酸镁造孔作用明显优于淀粉,且随着造孔剂含量的增高,孔隙率、气通量、水通量逐渐升高,抗折强度略有降低。随着烧结温度的提高,气通量、水通量先升高后降低,在1350℃时达到最大值4854.24m~3/(m~2·h·bar)、48.61m~3/(m~2·h·bar)。综合考虑,造孔剂为20%碱式碳酸镁在1350℃温度下烧结2~3 h,作为多孔陶瓷支撑体性能最佳。     

铜尾矿粉多孔陶瓷制备及其吸附性能研究

随着经济的发展,铜矿石浮选过程中产生大量固体废渣,研究铜尾矿固体废渣的综合利用方法对于我国矿物加工领域综合利用水平的提升具有一定的经济意义和环保效益。笔者以铜尾矿渣为主要原料,结合相应的粘结剂、造孔剂,通过混匀、静置、压片成形、烧结等工艺制备出多孔陶瓷材料。实验利用正交法,考察了造孔剂的用量、粘接剂用量、烧结温度、保温时间等因素对多孔陶瓷的气孔率的影响规律,并采用X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜以及红外光谱等技术手段对产品进行了分析表征。优化的多孔陶瓷制备条件为:造孔剂碳粉用量25%,粘结剂木质素磺酸钙用量7.5%,成形压力6 MPa,烧成温度1 080℃,保温时间30 min;各因素对多孔陶瓷气孔率的影响程度为:粘结剂用量保温时间烧结温度造孔剂含量。笔者还考察了所制备的多孔陶瓷对铜离子的吸附行为,利用单因素方法考察了吸附时间、铜离子初始浓度、溶液初始pH、液固比对多孔陶瓷的吸附容量的影响。所制备的多孔陶瓷材料对铜离子优化吸附条件为:吸附时间200 min、铜离子初始浓度100 mg/L、溶液初始pH=6、液固比=25,最优吸附条件下的吸附量为2.2 mg/g。     

Influence of Sintering Temperature on the Properties of Porous Ceramic Support Prepared by Uniaxial Dry Compaction Method Using Low-Cost Raw Materials for Membrane Applications

In this article, we have reported the fabrication of stable macroporous ceramic support using low-cost inorganic raw materials by uniaxial dry compaction technique. The supports were prepared by mixing of inexpensive raw materials such as kaolin, quartz, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, boric acid, sodium metasilicate, and polyvinyl alcohol as a binder. The prepared green supports were sintered at different temperatures ranging between 900 and 1000°C. The raw materials and the sintered supports were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, particle size distribution (PSD), X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The influence of sintering temperature on the membrane structure, porosity, flexural strength, chemical stability, and the pure water permeability was also examined. It was observed that the average pore size and the flexural strength of the sintered supports increase with an increase in the sintering temperature. The porosity of the sintered supports was obtained in the ranges between 22 and 40%. The chemical stability of the sintered supports was found to be good. Based on the results obtained, the support sintered at 950°C (porosity of 30%, mechanical strength of 28 MPa, and average pore size of 3.45 µm) was considered as the optimum support for membrane applications. The ceramic support cost was estimated to be $67/m² according to the raw material price. Henceforth, these low-cost membrane supports with better properties could be suggested for cheaper application in chemical and biochemical processes.     

Porous ceramic supports for membranes prepared from kaolin and doloma mixtures

The present paper reports the in situ synthesis of porous ceramic supports from local kaolin and kaolin–doloma mixtures. These raw materials have been dictated by their natural abundance (low price) and their beneficial properties. In this work, four different processing routes have been presented. In addition, two support shapes are of particular interest: tubular and flat configurations, which are currently the most used supports in membrane research. Tubular configurations have been produced by extrusion method whereas flat configurations have been produced by both dry-pressing and roll pressing. The doloma addition to kaolin has a positive effect on the porosity ratio of supports compared to those prepared from kaolin alone. Moreover, the influence of the sintering temperature on the total porosity, average pore size, pore size distribution and strength of supports has been investigated. It has been found that higher sintering temperatures (1250 °C) were needed to obtain a uniform pore size distribution within total porosity ratios of 43 and, 51% when processes 3 and 2 were applied, respectively.     

Microstructural investigation and performance evaluation of slip-cast alumina supports

In this work we successfully obtained slip-cast alumina supports with tubular shape. It was investigated the influence of both the starting powder particle size and heat treatment program on the pore structure and water permeability of the prepared materials. This study is supported by a series of experimental tests, including Archimedes method, mercury intrusion porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and cold crushing tests. We observed that the heat treatment temperature exhibited a more significant effect on the porosity than the sintering time. It was noticed that, in a general way, the higher the sintering temperature, the smaller the porosity and the larger the apparent density of the prepared materials. In addition, the raise of the sintering temperature from 1100 to 1500 °C increased the cold crushing strength of the tested samples. This behavior was not observed for F2, which seems to be related to the poor sinterability of the starting alumina powder used in its preparation. Among the samples prepared in this work, F2 showed the highest water permeability, followed by F3 and F1. The water permeation behavior of these materials is discussed on the basis of their mean pore size, porosity, genus per unit volume, and pore network tortuosity.     

利用黄金尾矿制备发泡陶瓷的研究

中国黄金尾矿资源量大,作为二次资源在建筑材料领域的综合利用有着重要的经济价值和环境意义。以黄金尾矿为主要原料,SiC为发泡剂,通过高温制备发泡陶瓷,用激光共聚焦显微镜、XRD等手段,研究了烧结温度、黄金尾矿掺入量、原料粒度对材料的容重、真气孔率和孔径等性能的影响。研究表明:随着烧结温度的升高,发泡陶瓷材料的真气孔率和孔径增大,容重减小;材料的真气孔率和容重随着黄金尾矿掺入量的增大分别降低和提高,随着原料粒度的减小分别提高和降低,气孔孔径随着黄金尾矿掺量的增大和原料粒度的减小均呈下降趋势。优化后,在烧成温度1 050 ℃,黄金尾矿掺入量50%(质量分数),黄金尾矿平均粒度D(50)=5.6 μm,SiC平均粒度D(50)=3.0 μm的条件下可制备出性能良好的发泡陶瓷。     

Monoclinic Zirconia Microfiltration Membranes: Preparation and Characterization

Microfiltration zirconia membranes were prepared by slip casting from two pure zirconia powders derived from different processing techniques. Powders had almost the same mean particle size but were different in surface area, particle size distribution and morphology. Rheology of zirconia slips was studied in order to prepare a well-dispersed slip suitable for slip casting. The powders showed different dispersibility in the preparation of slips by colloidal processing. The effect of sintering temperature and holding time on porosity, pore size distribution, phase composition, microhardness and microstructure of unsupported membranes are studied and discussed in relation to the membrane processing and properties of powders resulting from different processing routes. Pore size distribution of membranes reflected the differences in morphology of particles and the state of agglomeration in the green samples.Isothermal sintering at 1100°C resulted in some tetragonal phase retained at room temperature in the monoclinic structure. Cracking occurred in membranes sintered above 1150°C due to the volume change in phase transformation. Densification behavior, removal of porosity and the hardness property showed differences that are attributed to the differences in powder processing and characteristics of powders. Crackfree membranes can be prepared by sintering at 1100°C from both powders.     

工艺参数对石英质多孔材料孔性能的影响

以长江沿岸低品位石英砂为主要原料,采用真空烧结制备了石英质多孔材料。通过实验分析发现:随烧结温度的升高、水料比的增大或发泡剂含量的增加,多孔材料的气孔率增大,抗压强度降低;而随着保温时间的延长,多孔材料的气孔率降低,抗压强度升高。通过优化得出最佳配比为:石英砂60 wt%、高岭土30 wt%、助烧剂9.6 wt%、发泡剂0.4 wt%。按这一最佳配比配料,在水料比为0.9的条件下球磨2 h制浆发泡,而后在1175°C烧结1 h,可以制备得到性能较佳的石英质多孔材料。     

低成本大孔陶瓷膜支撑体的制备与表征(英文)

以高岭土和白云石为主要原料,通过反应烧结法制备低成本大孔陶瓷膜支撑体,对制备的支撑体进行了结构和性能表征.结果表明:在高岭土中引入质量分数为20%的白云石,可显著抑制高岭土的高温烧结;加入白云石后制备的支撑体在1 150~1 300℃保温1h后,主晶相为莫来石、堇青石和钙长石,平均孔径和抗弯强度随烧成温度升高而增大,而水通量和孔隙率降低;加入20%白云石并在1 250℃保温1 h制各的大孔支撑体的孔隙率和平均孔径分别为44.6%和4.7μm,抗弯强度和纯净水通量分别达到47.6MPa和10.76m3/(m2·h·bar).