双曲囊空气弹簧力学性能试验方案设计与检测

针对双曲囊式空气弹簧的力学性能试验,分析了膜式、囊式空气弹簧的结构及标准,设计了一种带附加气室并联组合试验方案。与单体式和无气室组合试验方案进行比对,研究了不同垂向预载对垂向刚度和横向刚度,不同振幅、频率对动刚度的影响。结果表明,垂向预载增加,双曲囊空气弹簧垂向刚度变大;横向刚度变小,垂向振幅增加,垂向动刚度变小,在0.5～1.5Hz区间频率增加对动刚度的影响不明显。     

橡胶人字弹簧的性能测试与分析

提出地铁车辆一系悬挂系统橡胶人字弹簧的必测性能项目并介绍其试验和数据处理方法。橡胶人字弹簧的必测性能项目有静态刚度、疲劳性能、选配和蠕变试验。橡胶人字弹簧的静态纵向和横向刚度与垂向刚度匹配 ,静态刚度可只测垂向刚度 ;疲劳试验应在符合车辆实际运行频率 ( 2Hz)和载荷的条件下进行 ;同一等级产品选配试验的静态垂向刚度偏差控制为± 6% ;室温下加载 ( 72 3kN) 72h的垂向蠕变量不超过 5mm。     

空气弹簧有限元仿真方法的研究

介绍空气弹簧有限元仿真步骤,对螺钉紧固式和自密封式空气弹簧进行仿真模拟,并进行试验对比。利用螺钉紧固式空气弹簧仿真模型计算了胶囊的性能;利用自密封式空气弹簧仿真模型计算了整个空气弹簧(胶囊和辅助弹簧)的性能,包括胶囊气腔和附加气室在不同气体交换粘度下的空气弹簧载荷-气压关系、垂向刚度和横向刚度,据此提出空气弹簧的仿真模拟方案:先根据少量试验数据对比垂向刚度结果,优化出符合真实条件的空气弹簧系统的粘性特征,在此粘性条件下计算其他工况下空气弹簧的性能参数。     

膜式空气弹簧刚度特性影响因素研究

介绍空气弹簧刚度特性的影响因素,并利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立膜式空气弹簧有限元模型,分析气压对空气弹簧刚度特性的影响。结果表明,气压是影响膜式空气弹簧刚度特性的重要因素,随着气压的提高,弹簧的垂向和横向承载能力均增大。     

动车组空气弹簧疲劳性能试验设计与研究

简要分析了空气弹簧的几种典型疲劳失效形式,设计了一种新型空气弹簧三向复合加载疲劳试验方案,并与传统型压剪式和扭摆式二向加载试验方案进行了比对;重点使用新型方案研究了不同加载方式、剪切位移和加载频率对疲劳性能的影响以及不同疲劳次数对垂向刚度和横向刚度的影响。结果表明,试验设计与实际工况一致,新型试验方案更能准确反映空气弹簧的疲劳性能,垂向与横向双向动载工况对空气弹簧疲劳性能的影响最为明显;随着疲劳次数的增加,垂向刚度和横向刚度均变小,滞回曲线面积保持不变。     

基于Abaqus的悬架空气弹簧静态力学特性研究

以某商用车悬架用空气弹簧为研究对象,应用非线性有限元分析软件Abaqus建立了空气弹簧的有限元分析模型,对其垂向静态力学特性进行了计算分析,并与悬架空气弹簧垂向静态力学特性台架试验结果进行对比.结果表明,仿真计算结果与试验结果吻合度较好,证明数值仿真方法可用于悬架空气弹簧设计开发.     

基于Abaqus的汽车用空气弹簧的有限元分析及试验研究

采用非线性有限元分析软件Abaqus建立汽车用空气弹簧的模型,并对其垂向特性进行模拟分析。结果表明：空气弹簧的垂向载荷随充气压力的增大呈线性增大,定值充气压力下随帘线角度的增大而减小;最大外直径和最大应力随帘线角度的减小而增大;垂向静刚度随充气压力的增大而呈线性增大,随帘线角度的增大而减小,定值充气压力下随工作高度的增大先减小后增大,存在一最小刚度。试验验证了有限元分析结果的正确性。     

气囊帘线参数对自由膜式空气弹簧静态性能影响程度的研究

先用单因子试验研究气囊帘线材质、帘线角度和帘线膨胀比对自由膜式空气弹簧静态性能（水平静态刚度、垂向静态刚度和载荷内压）的影响,再用正交试验法分析这3个因子对空气弹簧静态性能的影响程度。结果表明,气囊帘线材质、帘线角度和帘线膨胀比对空气弹簧静态性能均有不同程度的影响,其中帘线材质对空气弹簧载荷内压的影响程度最大,帘线角度对空气弹簧垂向静态刚度的影响程度最大,帘线膨胀比对空气弹簧水平静态刚度的影响程度最大。     

汽车悬架空气弹簧静态力学性能有限元建模与计算

以一款膜式橡胶空气弹簧作为研究对象,进行了三维建模和静态力学特性有限元分析,并与实验测试结果对比,验证了采用有限元软件对空气弹簧的建模与力学性能计算结果的准确性与可行性。文中的有限元建模和计算方法对空气弹簧力学性能计算分析与优化设计具有一定的指导意义。     

初始内压和帘线间距对膜式空气弹簧横向刚度特性影响的有限元分析

运用ABAQUS分析软件建立膜式空气弹簧的有限元模型,通过仿真计算获得负荷-横向位移曲线,研究初始内压和帘线间距对膜式空气弹簧横向刚度的影响。结果表明,空气弹簧的横向刚度随着初始内压的提高而增大,同时由于空气弹簧膨胀造成帘线间距增大,引起横向刚度降低。本研究为膜式空气弹簧设计中合理选择初始内压和帘线间距提供了参考。     

Multistep analysis of the mechanical performance of an air spring

New methods for testing air springs have received a lot of interest in recent years. In this article APDL (ANSYS parametric design language) was utilized to simulate static and dynamic test process of air springs. In the simulation, multiple load steps solution was carried out through APDL *DO‐LOOP and array parameter method. The program (capsule volume calculating macro) based on scatter sum method enabled the loop. The scalar quantity PRESSURE was established as inner tracking parameter to update inner pressure. Table parameter PRESSURES was established as inner pressure output parameter to export inner pressure of each load step. According to rubber elastic behavior and cord‐rubber composite aeolotropy, hyper elastic element and layer element were preferred for simulation. Comparison was done between static simulation results and corresponding test data to prove feasibility of multistep analysis. In consequence, some major parameters such as cord angle, initial inner pressure, and auxiliary chamber volume were taken into account, which have remarkable effect on static mechanical performance of EQ6111 air spring. Finally, the same method was applied to the simulation of dynamic test process, achieving abundant analysis results according to every 0.5 Hz increment of load frequencies varying from 0.5 to 2.5 Hz. Load frequency threw remarkable effect on the dynamic mechanical performance of EQ6111 air spring, because inertial effect and damping effect played important roles therein. The study aims to make contribution to the development of platform of air spring simulation and parameterized design (PASSPD). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

基于流固耦合的带附加气室空气弹簧的力学特性研究

应用流固耦合和有限元理论,通过ABAQUS软件仿真分析附加气室容积和节流口直径变化对带附加气室空气弹簧弹性力学特性的影响.结果表明:在一定范围内附加气室容积和节流口直径变化对空气弹簧的垂直刚度有明显的影响.     

空气弹簧静态刚度的CAE研究

首先简要介绍了空气弹簧的传统设计方法和一些非线性问题，然后针对空气弹簧静态刚度的CAE研究进行了阐释。应用AUTO LISP程序实现AUTO CAD与有限元程序ANSYS的接口，利用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了空气弹簧（以EQ6111为例）的三维非线性有限元模型。在所建立的空气弹簧有限元模型的基础之上，计算了空气弹簧的静态刚度并分别给出了相应的图形及关系曲线。本文的分析结果与试验结果符合良好。本文的研究对空气弹簧的仿真分析有一定的参考价值，并为进行下一步的动态特性分析提供参考。     

Sound isolation properties of polycarbonate/clay and polycarbonate/silica nanocomposites

The soundproofing properties of polycarbonate (PC)/nanoclay and PC/nanosilica nanocomposites were studied through testing and theoretical analysis. Nanocomposite sheets with a 3 mm thickness were fabricated by direct hot-compression molding process. The nanoclay and nanosilica particles were incorporated into the PC matrix by a twin-screw extruder. The dispersion efficiency of 1, 3 and 5 wt% nanoclay and nanosilica in the PC matrix was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed for evaluation of mechanical properties of nanocomposites. Sound transmission loss (STL) was measured by an impedance tube over the frequency range of 1600–6300 Hz, and further employed in sound proofing characterizations of nanocomposites. A new finite element model was developed to model the sound transmission loss in impedance tube test. The results showed that the PC/3 wt% nanoclay and 3 wt% nanosilica nanocomposites had an average maximum increase of 5.5 and 6 dB in STL values in the stiffness control region (1600–3600 Hz), respectively. On the other hand, the PC/3 wt% nanoclay and PC/3 wt% nanosilica nanocomposites showed the same sound isolation characteristics in the frequency range of 1600–3600 Hz. In addition, the finite element model developed for modeling the sound transmission loss in the impedance tube demonstrated a good correlation between the theoretical curves and the experimental results in the stiffness control region for both nanocomposites.     

Effect of loading environment on rubber bolster springs used in railway vehicle bogies

Abstract

The bolster springs investigated have been used in pairs, fitted at an angle to a bolster beam system for bogies of metro railway vehicles. The product has been used for over thirty years, but recently some springs have shown splits and degradations. A finite element analysis was conducted to identify the causes. Three normal load cases (tare, mean, and laden load) and three combined load cases were investigated. A stiffness curve from the finite element model was compared with test results, which showed good agreement. Natural frequencies and mode shapes were analysed. Two potential degradation areas from the combined load cases were located. The critical areas found from the stress analysis were the same as those exhibited on the actual spring components in service. It is shown that the finite element analysis method can play an important role at the design stage and for failure analysis.     

Dynamic Behavior of Composites under Preloading

Polymers with characteristic damping properties are obtained by compounding them with additives. The mechanical behavior under vibration conditions of these compounds is characterized by dynamic moduli which depend on the static preload. The test results of a PU-compound are presented in this paper. The obtained results enable one to calculate the complex moduli of a special dynamic constitutive equation, which then enables one to calcualte stress and strain of dynamic deformations of structures under static preload. The paper presents a method to calculate such loading conditions on a system, too. A finite element analysis is used to determine the frequency response which characterizes the damping behavior of the structure.     

液压衬套非线性特性计算及影响因素分析

由于内部橡胶-机械-液压系统的存在,液压衬套力学特性表现出复杂的非线性特征。着重研究了双向液-固耦合非线性有限元计算方法在液压衬套力学性能分析方面的独特优势。采用双向液-固耦合有限元方法,全面分析了液压衬套静态、动态力学特性以及流体内特性分布规律。初步探讨了各个集总参数变化对液压衬套动特性调整优化的影响情况。     

全钢载重子午线轮胎模态的有限元分析

采用ABAQUS软件对12.00R20规格全钢载重子午线轮胎建立三维有限元模型,并对该模型进行模态分析, 得到了在标准充气压力和额定负荷工况下轮胎的固有频率和相应的振型,同时还研究了气压和负荷对轮胎固有频率的影响.结果表明,在允许充气压力范围内,随着充气压力和负荷增大,轮胎的固有频率提高.轮胎模态的有限元分析能够为研究轮胎动态特性以及轮胎与整车匹配提供理论指导.     

退火对聚碳酸酯注塑制品力学及动态力学性能的影响

本文研究了聚碳酸酯（Lexan OQ2720）注塑制品退火后的力学及动态力学性能的变化。结果表明，制品的应力集中情况有明显改善，力学性能除断裂伸长率外都产生了较高提升，拉伸强度提高了14.86%，弯曲强度提高了12.7%，弯曲模量提高了21.27%，冲击强度提高了17.93%；动态力学分析结果表明，，注塑制品的内部存在应力。经退火后，注塑制品内部取向、缠结的分子链得到充分松弛，制品储能模量随温度的变化呈线性规律，内部链段的状态稳定，热变形温度得到了提高。而未退火试样的储能模量随温度变化起伏不定，内部链段的状态比较活跃。动态频率对制品中应力有一定响应能力，响应频率范围约为30-60Hz，随着频率扫描温度的升高，由于应力集中降低，频率对应力响应能力不断降低。