龙须菜多酚提取工艺优化及其体外抗氧化活性

以龙须菜为原料,研究超声波辅助提取龙须菜多酚的工艺条件及其抗氧化活性。单因素考察液料比、提取温度、超声时间对龙须菜多酚含量的影响,在此基础上,利用响应面分析法优化提取工艺。结果表明,液料比40:1(mL/g)、提取温度60℃、超声时间40min为龙须菜多酚提取最佳工艺条件(龙须菜多酚提取量为1.62 mg GAE/g)。体外抗氧化活性研究表明,龙须菜多酚具有一定清除DPPH自由基和羟自由基的能力,其IC_(50)值分别为56.67,18.78μg/mL,分别相当于15.89,536.4μg/mL的抗坏血酸。     

香芋皮多酚的超声提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

为了对香芋进行高效利用,以香芋加工副产物香芋皮为原料,采用超声波辅助提取香芋皮多酚,在单因素试验基础上结合正交试验方法对香芋皮多酚提取条件进行优化,并初步评价其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,香芋皮多酚最佳的提取工艺为:超声功率400 W,乙醇浓度45%,料液比1:55 g/mL,超声时间35 min,此条件下香芋皮中多酚得率达到(23.61±0.36)mg/g。抗氧化活性实验表明,在最佳条件下提取得到的香芋皮多酚具有一定的还原能力,20.0 μg/mL的香芋皮多酚还原能力为0.4431±0.0027,并且其对DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除作用均表现出良好的清除效果,相应的IC₅₀值分别为(5.6647±0.2545)和(36.3630±2.4013)μg/mL,说明香芋皮多酚具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

坛紫菜多酚工艺优化及降血糖和抗氧化活性研究

目的:优化坛紫菜多酚的提取工艺,开发天然降血糖食品。方法:采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化坛紫菜多酚的提取工艺,α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性评价不同采收期坛紫菜多酚的降血糖活性,并基于DPPH自由基和ABTS⁺自由基清除率及ORAC值评价其抗氧化活性。结果:坛紫菜多酚最佳的提取工艺为液料比(V_乙醇溶液∶m_坛紫菜)51∶1 (mL/g),乙醇体积分数56%,超声时间51 min,在此条件下,提取的坛紫菜多酚含量为5.027 mg/g。不同采收期坛紫菜多酚对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用呈浓度依赖性,其中四水坛紫菜多酚对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性最强;不同采收期坛紫菜多酚均具有抗氧化活性,其中四水坛紫菜多酚抗氧化活性最强。结论:四水坛紫菜多酚含量高、对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制作用强、抗氧化能力强,是开发天然降血糖食品和抗氧化剂的优良食源。     

菱茎多酚的提取工艺及其抗氧化、抑菌活性研究

目的:研究菱茎多酚的超声波辅助提取工艺及其体外抗氧化、抑菌活性。方法:以菱茎为材料,采用正交实验对菱茎多酚的提取工艺进行优化;通过测定菱茎多酚的DPPH、ABTS自由基清除力及还原力来评价其体外抗氧化活性;采用滤纸片扩散法测定菱茎多酚对6种腐败微生物的抑菌活性。结果:菱茎多酚的最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇浓度60%、pH1、提取温度70 ℃、提取时间35 min、料液比1:35 (g/mL),此工艺条件下多酚的提取得率为67.31 mg GAE/g DW;菱茎多酚对DPPH、ABTS自由基清除力和对Fe3+还原力(FRAP)的IC₅₀值分别为228.34、220.57、152.00 μg/mL;对金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、腐败希瓦氏菌、青霉和酿酒酵母的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为6.25、3.13、0.20、0.39、1.56、0.78 mg/mL。结论:菱茎多酚具有良好的抗氧化和抑菌活性,可作为潜在抗氧化剂和抑菌剂的来源进一步开发利用。     

超声辅助乙醇提取海带多酚工艺优化及抗氧化活性

探究超声辅助乙醇提取海带多酚的工艺条件,选取超声温度、料液比、超声时间和乙醇浓度为试验因子,研究不同工艺参数对海带多酚提取量的影响,并采用响应面法优化海带多酚的提取工艺,通过测定其对DPPH自由基及ABTS的清除作用,评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,超声辅助乙醇提取海带多酚的最佳工艺条件为:超声温度65.0℃、料液比1∶28(g/mL)、超声时间45min、乙醇浓度75%,在此条件下海带多酚提取率为2.118 mg/g,接近模型预测值2.139 mg/g。海带多酚对DPPH自由基和ABTS的清除率分别为68.87%和49.73%,IC_(50)相应为81.119μg/mL和222.224μg/mL,其清除能力与多酚浓度之间呈一定的正相关关系,海带多酚具有一定的体外抗氧化能力。超声波辅助乙醇提取海带中多酚的方法可行、可靠,试验为海带生物活性成分的高效制备与抗氧化剂的深度开发提供了理论依据。     

香菜多酚超声辅助提取工艺优化及其生物活性

采用超声辅助提取法提取香菜中多酚,结合单因素试验和正交试验,确定香菜多酚最佳提取工艺。利用铁还原/抗氧化能力分析法测定香菜多酚提取液总抗氧化能力,用邻二氮菲法测定羟基自由基清除能力,通过滤纸片法测定香菜多酚的抑菌活性。研究结果表明,香菜多酚超声辅助提取的最佳条件为料液比1∶16(g/mL)、乙醇体积分数75%、提取时间60 min,最优条件下提取率为（13.11±0.19）mg/g。抗氧化试验结果表明,香菜多酚总抗氧化能力和羟基自由基清除率随香菜多酚浓度增大而增强,0.6 mg/mL香菜多酚提取液的总抗氧化能力为（102±2）μmol/L,羟基自由基清除率为（60±1）%。抑菌试验结果表明,香菜多酚对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有一定的抑制作用,且随着多酚浓度升高,抑菌作用增强。0.6 mg/mL香菜多酚提取液对大肠杆菌进行活性测试的抑菌圈直径为（6.76±0.02）mm,对金黄色葡萄球菌活性测试的抑菌圈直径为（7.04±0.02）mm。     

超声波辅助提取黑蒜多酚及体外抗氧化性探究

黑蒜多酚是黑蒜抗氧化功能重要成分之一。以黑蒜为原料,确定超声波辅助提取黑蒜多酚的最佳工艺,并评价提取物体外抗氧化活性。在单因素试验结果的基础上,以黑蒜多酚提取率为指标,通过正交试验研究乙醇浓度、料液比、提取频率和提取时间4个因素对黑蒜多酚提取率的影响。结果表明:在乙醇浓度20%,料液比1:20,超声频率80 kHz,提取时间40 min的条件下,黑蒜多酚提取率可达(6.15±0.50)mg/g。在(1.25~15.00)mg/mL的范围内,黑蒜多酚粗提物表现明显的抗氧化能力,对DPPH自由基和羟自由基具有较好的清除效果,自由基清除率分别达到相同质量浓度L-抗坏血酸的97.83%和70.93%,IC_(50)值分别为3.68 mg/mL和3.52 mg/mL。     

鹧鸪茶多酚的提取及抗氧化性研究

以鹧鸪茶为原料,选取超声辅助浸提法提取多酚化合物,探讨了超声功率、浸提温度、料液比、浸提时间对多酚得率的影响。在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验优化提取工艺。采用DPPH自由基法、ABTS自由基法和羟自由基法评价多酚提取物的抗氧化性。结果表明,鹧鸪茶多酚的最佳工艺条件为:超声功率300 W、浸提温度70℃、料液比1:25 (g/mL)、时间30 min,在此条件下,多酚得率为(10.72±0.52)%(以干重计,w/w)。鹧鸪茶多酚提取物具有较强清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和羟自由基能力,其IC50值分别为(0.0054±0.0003)、(0.077±0.004)、(0.114±0.006)mg/mL,说明鹧鸪茶多酚具有较强的体外抗氧化活性。     

祁白术多酚提取工艺及抗氧化、抑菌活性研究

为研究表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfonate,SDS)协同超声波提取祁白术多酚的工艺参数,以多酚含量为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法优化提取工艺条件,并对祁白术多酚的体外抗氧化、抑菌活性进行研究。结果表明,祁白术多酚的最优工艺条件为:SDS添加量0.47%,超声波功率150 W,超声温度48℃,乙醇浓度64%,超声时间15 min,料液比1:25(g/mL),该条件下提取的多酚含量高达(38.53±0.51)mg/g。祁白术多酚具有显著的抗氧化活性,其对DPPH、ABTS自由基清除作用的半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))分别为0.056,0.050mg/mL。祁白术多酚对4种受试菌均有显著的抑制作用,多酚的质量浓度与抑制作用呈量效关系,其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌的最低抑制浓度(MIC)为0.25mg/mL,对枯草芽孢杆菌的MIC为0.50mg/mL。     

响应面法优化超声辅助提取荠菜多酚工艺及其抗氧活性研究

采用超声辅助提取荠菜多酚,并利用响应面法对多酚的提取工艺进行了优化。在单因素实验的基础上,采用四因素三水平的响应面试验优化设计,考察乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取温度和料液比对荠菜多酚提取量的影响,结果显示最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇浓度为48%,超声提取时间为27 min,提取温度为57 ℃,料液比为1:33 (g:mL),得到多酚提取量的实验值为28.33 mg/g,与模型预测值(28.35 mg/g)相比,其相对误差为0.07%。通过体外自由基(·OH、O₂-·和NaNO₂)清除能力和还原能力评价了荠菜多酚的抗氧化性,结果显示荠菜多酚具有一定的自由基清除活性和还原能力,荠菜多酚的自由基(·OH、O₂-·和NaNO₂)半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀值)分别为(0.17±0.01) mg/mL、(0.08±0.01) mg/mL和(18.9±0.02) μg/mL。结论:荠菜多酚是一种天然的抗氧化活性剂和自由基清除剂。     

Cladonia lichens and their major metabolites as possible natural antioxidant,antimicrobial and anticancer agents

The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities of the acetone extracts of the lichens Cladonia furcata, Cladonia pyxidata and Cladonia rangiferina and their atranorin and fumarprotocetraric acid constituents. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power, and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds. As a result of the study atranorin had largest free radical scavenging activity with IC₅₀ values 131.48 μg/mL. Moreover, the tested samples had effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Total content of phenol and flavonoid in extracts was determined as pyrocatechol equivalent, and as rutin equivalent, respectively. The strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant effect of tested extracts were observed. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. The most active was fumarprotocetraric acid with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.031 to 0.125 mg/mL. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using MTT method. All samples were found to be strong anticancer activity toward both cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 10.97 to 41.23 μg/mL.     

Antioxidant,Antibacterial, and Antiproliferative Activities of Free and Bound Phenolics from Peel and Flesh of Fuji Apple

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of flesh free (FF), flesh bound (FB), peel free (PF), and peel bound (PB) phenolics from Fuji apple. The PB, which had highest total phenolic contents (126.15 ± 2.41 mg/100 g wet weight) and lowest total carbohydrate contents (34.68 ± 2.78 mg/100 g wet weight), showed the strongest 2,2’‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenthiazoline‐6‐sulphonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.36 ± 0.02 mg/mL), 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.26 ± 0.01 mg/mL), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (Ferric reducing antioxidant power; EC₅₀ = 0.19 ± 0.02 mg/mL) compared with those of FF, FB, and PF. The PB also showed the strongest antibacterial activities on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and it also showed the highest antiproliferative effects on Caco‐2 human colonic cancer cell (EC₅₀ = 1.44 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and Hela human cervical cell (EC₅₀ = 2.81 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Both free and bound phenolics from Fuji apple showed good antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities in our study, and bound phenolics had significantly higher activities compared with those of free phenolics.     

驴乳的营养成分及其保健作用的研究进展

驴乳作为营养品广泛使用已有数千年的历史,因其含有多种营养成分和生物活性,是婴幼儿、老年及体弱者补充营养物质的重要来源。该文综述驴乳的营养成分和抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗过敏等保健作用,以期为驴乳产业提供新的方向和理论支持。     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of three Parmelia species

BACKGROUND: Lichens are symbiotic organisms consisting of algae and fungi. They are used for human and animal nutrition and in the production of colours, perfumes and alcohol. Lichens have also been used in traditional medicine to treat diseases such as jaundice, pulmonary, stomach and cranial diseases. In this study the acetone extracts of three lichens, Parmelia caperata, Parmelia sulcata and Parmelia saxatilis, were tested for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer potential. RESULTS: Of the lichens tested, P. saxatilis had the highest free radical‐scavenging activity (55.3% inhibition). Moreover, all tested extracts showed effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant effects of the tested extracts were observed. The extract of P. sulcata was most active in terms of antimicrobial ability, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.78 to 12.5 mg L^?1. All extracts were found to have strong anticancer activity, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 9.55 to 22.95 µg mL^?1. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the tested lichen extracts exhibited strong antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects. This suggests that lichens may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of 3 Umbilicaria species

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of the acetone extracts of the lichens Umbilicaria crustulosa, U. cylindrica, and U. polyphylla. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 5 separate methods: free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power, determination of total phenolic compounds, and determination of total flavonoid content. Of the lichens tested, U. polyphylla had largest free radical scavenging activity (72.79% inhibition at a concentration of 1 mg/mL), which was similar as standard antioxidants in the same concentration. Moreover, the tested extracts had effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Total content of phenol and flavonoid in extracts was determined as pyrocatechol equivalent, and as rutin equivalent, respectively. The strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant effect of tested extracts were observed. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. The most active was extract of U. polyphylla with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 1.56 to 12.5 mg/mL. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using MTT method. All extracts were found to be strong anticancer activity toward both cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 28.45 to 97.82 μg/mL. The present study shows that tested lichen extracts demonstrated a strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. That suggests that lichens may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents.     

浏阳豆豉发酵中高产酶活菌株的分离鉴定及酶活性分析

从浏阳豆豉发酵过程中分离产高酶活菌株,通过形态观察结合分子生物学技术进行鉴定,并对其产蛋白酶、脂肪酶及纤维素酶的活性进行分析。结果表明,分离得到3株菌（编号为000、5132、621）均被鉴定为溜曲霉菌（Aspergillus tamarri）。3株菌的蛋白酶、脂肪酶及纤维素酶的活性测定结果表明,菌株621蛋白酶活性最强,为（207.98±3.20）U/mL;菌株5132的纤维素酶活性最强,为（3.40±1.40）U/mL;菌株000的脂肪酶活性最高,为（90.7±0.64）U/mL。     

生姜与醋泡姜抗氧化、抑菌和抗肿瘤活性比较研究

本文研究了生姜和醋泡姜的姜油和姜乙醇提取物的抗氧化、抑菌和抗肿瘤作用的活性差异。以抗坏血酸为对照,评价两类姜提取物的抗氧化活性(DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基、羟自由基(·OH)清除能力和总还原能力);以96孔板微量稀释法比较了两类姜提取物对几种常见致病菌的抑菌活性;同时研究了两类姜提取物对HCT116(人结肠癌细胞)、HepG2(人肝癌细胞)、Skov3(卵巢癌细胞)等肿瘤细胞的抗癌效果。结果表明:醋泡姜的抗氧化活性总体上好于生姜,其中醋姜油对羟自由基(·OH)的清除能力(IC₅₀为0.28 mg/mL)明显强于生姜油(IC₅₀为0.42 mg/mL);生姜和醋泡生姜提取物都有一定的抑菌作用,醋姜油的抑菌效果稍好于生姜油,其中最好的是醋姜油对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用(156.25 μg/mL);抗肿瘤活性基本相当。本研究结果表明,醋泡姜在抗氧化、抑菌功能上一定程度优于生姜。     

姜黄素的抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性研究

本文采用分光光度法测定姜黄素对ABTS和DPPH自由基的清除能力;运用AAPH诱导红细胞氧化性溶血考察姜黄素对AAPH诱导人血红细胞损伤的抑制作用。通过MTT方法考察姜黄素对A375恶性黑色素瘤生长状态的影响,并用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡数量;运用Western blot测定姜黄素对JNK和Akt蛋白表达的影响。结果表明,姜黄素对DPPH和ABTS自由基具有较好的清除能力,呈浓度和时间依赖性;同时,姜黄素能有效抑制AAPH诱导红细胞溶血,当姜黄素为40μM时,溶血抑制率达到52.78±1.03%。MTT结果表明,随着姜黄素浓度的升高,A375细胞存活率逐渐下降,当姜黄素为40μM,A375的细胞存活率仅为21.50±1.60%。流式分析发现,随着姜黄素浓度的提高,细胞凋亡峰(Sub G1)的含量逐渐增加。当姜黄素为40μM时,细胞内Sub G1峰的含量达到了63.30%。进一步Western blot分析发现姜黄素诱导A375细胞凋亡与上调JNK磷酸化的水平和下调AKt磷酸化的水平有关。     

鲜天麻内生菌分离鉴定及功能活性探究

目的:明确天麻内生菌及其代谢产物的活性。方法:采用组织匀浆法和划线法从秦巴地区鲜天麻中分离纯化内生菌,测定其抗菌、抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性,并对高活性菌株进行分子生物学鉴定。结果:从鲜天麻内部分离得到4株菌,其中内生菌B1、B2对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有良好的抗菌活性,内生菌B2对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌圈直径达26.33 mm。4株菌均有一定的抗氧化活性,其中,内生菌B1对DPPH自由基的清除能力为69.13%。内生菌B2、B3、B4对HEK293T细胞有一定的抑制作用,其中内生菌B2的最高抑制率可达40.40%。分子生物学方法鉴定结果表明,内生菌B1、B2为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),内生菌B3为Lelliottia sp.,内生菌B4为水生拉恩菌(Rahnella aquatilis)。结论:分离纯化的鲜天麻内生菌具有抑菌和抗氧化活性。     

Antioxidant properties of water and ethanol extracts from hot air-dried and freeze-dried daylily flowers

Daylily (Hemerocallis fulva Linn.) flowers were hot air-dried and freeze-dried after harvest. Water and ethanol extracts were prepared from these dried flowers and their antioxidant properties were evaluated using total antioxidant activity, reducing capacity, metal chelating activity, and DPPH and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities, comparing with standards. Extracts from daylily flowers exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Ethanol was more efficienct to extract antioxidants than water and that freeze-drying preserved higher activities than air-drying. Ethanol extract from freeze-dried daylily flowers showed the highest antioxidant activity and phenol content.