Effects of hot rolled shear bands on formability and surface ridging of an ultra purified 21%Cr ferritic stainless steel

An ultra purified 21%Cr ferritic stainless steel (FSS) was hot rolled at a low finisher entry temperature (FET) of 750 °C to generate shear bands through large shear flow localizations in grain interiors. The effects of shear bands on the formability and surface ridging have been studied as compared to a conventional hot rolled band at the FET of 970 °C with few shear bands. The results showed that as compared to the final sheet produced with the FET of 970 °C, the average r-value for the final sheet with the FET of 750 °C was increased by 25%, and the surface roughness of the final sheet strained by 15% along the rolling direction was decreased by 40%. It has been observed that the existence of shear bands could enhance the nucleation for recrystallization during hot rolling and annealing for microstructure refinement, and modify the texture by intensifying the {1 1 1} textures in the final sheet. The influence of shear bands on sheet formability and resistance against surface ridging was discussed.     

热轧不锈钢板带粗轧机架高速钢轧辊的研制

由于不锈钢热轧板带产线粗轧温度高、压下量大、轧辊咬入角大、辊面受挤压力和摩擦力更大等工况特点,原轧辊材质的应用受到了限制。介绍了热轧不锈钢板带粗轧新型高速钢轧辊的研制情况,主要介绍了其化学成分、热处理工艺、内层材质的设计及其组织性能。该新型高速钢轧辊在国内某1 780 mm不锈钢热轧产线粗轧机组的应用取得了较好效果,毫米轧制量为7 000 t/mm,下机辊表面光洁,表面粗糙度为1.3～1.6 μm。     

Improvement of Surface Ridging Resistance of an Ultra-purified Ferritic Stainless Steel by Optimizing Hot Rolling Condition

The effects of the finisher entry temperatures(FETs) on the surface ridging behavior for an ultra-purified21%Cr ferritic stainless steel have been investigated. The results indicate that decreasing the FET facilitates the formation of in-grain shear bands in the hot rolled slab. The in-grain shear bands supplied recrystallization nucleation sites in grains during subsequent annealing through coalescence of subgrains, which is beneficial to refine the microstructures and intensify the {111}//ND textures. This effect will evolve to the final cold rolled and annealed sheet. The micro-texture analysis indicates that the formation of grain colony in the final sheet is weakened by decreasing the FET. Then, the surface ridging resistance of FSS is enhanced due to the optimizing of micro-texture distribution.     

油膜轴承锥套表面拉毛磨损的特征分析

油膜轴承以其独特的工作性能广泛应用于大型板带材轧机。其中 ,采用过盈配合方式使锥套与轧辊辊颈弹性结合传递轧制力矩 ,具有载荷传递过程稳定、不派生轧制力幅波动的工作特点。然而 ,锥套与辊颈装配过程中部分带状区域的规律性拉毛磨损对其粘结和使用寿命造成严重影响。本文在有限元法分析锥套与辊颈装配过程的接触状态及三维应力分布状态的基础上 ,通过试验模拟 ,对不同接触应力状态下表面磨损的特征进行了分析 ,并给出不同载荷条件下锥套接触表面磨损状态对应的谱特征     

低碳低硅钢氧化铁皮缺陷分析研究

针对河北钢铁股份有限公司唐山分公司1 700 mm生产线生产热轧酸洗带钢时氧化铁皮压入缺陷严重的问题,分析了缺陷产生的根本原因是带钢化学成分中Si含量较低,精轧时产生的三次氧化铁皮压入带钢表面而致。同时,试验分析了Si含量对氧化铁皮起泡行为的影响。结果表明：低硅钢（w(Si)＜0.03%）在900~1 100 ℃范围内氧化铁皮生长迅速,极易起泡、破裂,易产生月牙形氧化铁皮压入缺陷;此外,氧化铁皮过厚、破裂易导致工作辊氧化膜剥落,粗糙辊面易造成氧化铁皮、氧化膜压入缺陷。为此,提出了采用“低温快轧”的措施,可避免该缺陷的产生。     

4%Cr铸钢支承辊热处理工艺

以太钢1549轧机采用的4%Cr铸钢支承辊为依托,研究了该辊子从铸造成形到最终精加工之间的三次热处理工艺。最终达到其技术要求:辊身硬度65~70HS、淬硬层深≥70 mm、辊颈硬度42~48HS。     

30CrMo钢热穿轧毛管表面缺陷分析

通过宏观、扫描电镜、金相显微镜和光谱等方法对 30CrMo钢热穿轧毛管表面缺陷进行分析,结果表明,毛管表面缺陷是由于在轧管过程中轧管机组某轧辊表面粘异物或轧辊磨损严重,使轧辊表面形成凸块,轧制时压印在钢管外表面形成凹陷,随后续轧制毛管外表面的变形而延展成与轴向约成 30°角的螺旋、条状凹陷分布。     

Variations in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the oxide layer on high speed steel hot rolling work rolls

This paper is part of a larger study to understand the wear of hot rolling rolls. A significant cost of the hot rolling process is associated with the consumption of rolls, which is why a comprehensive understanding of the wear of the roll material is important. Given that the surface of the rolls is covered by an oxide layer, it is important to know the tribological and mechanical properties of the oxides. Research in this area concentrates mainly on the morphologies and microstructures of the oxide layers. Previously published works give very little, if any, information of the mechanical properties of the layers on high speed steel. This paper presents a methodology to study the mechanical properties of the oxide layer formed on the surface of a high speed steel roll using combined nanoindentation tests and finite element simulations. Mechanical properties such as the elastic modulus (E), hardness (H), yield strength (σ_y), and Poisson's ratio (ν), have been determined, and the work has revealed a variation of microstructure, porosity (f), and mechanical properties of the oxide layer across its thickness. The outer sub-layer has a higher E and H than the inner sub-layer. This variation of mechanical properties in the oxide layer was consistent with variations in the porosity and grain sizes in the two sub-layers.     

Warm and hot punching of ultra high strength steel sheet

Warm and hot punching using resistance heating was developed to improve the quality of sheared edges of an ultra high strength steel sheet. As the heating temperature increased, the depth of the shiny burnished surface on the sheared edge increased and that of the rough fracture surface decreased. The rollover depth and burr height of the sheared edge became large above 800 °C. Although the roughness of the burnished surface was almost constant, the roughness of the fracture surface increased from 650 °C. The punching load was extremely reduced by the heating, i.e. 40% of the cold punching load at 650 °C and 15% at 1070 °C. The local resistance heating of the shearing region was efficient for the warm and hot shearing. It was found that the warm and hot shearing of ultra high strength steel sheets is effective for improving the quality of the sheared edge and in reducing the shearing load.     

B436L铁素体不锈钢热轧带钢辊迹缺陷改善

针对B436L铁素体不锈钢带钢表面易产生辊迹缺陷问题,分析了B436L带钢生产工艺,得出带钢表面辊迹缺陷是热轧过程中带钢与轧辊发生粘结而产生的。为此,对轧辊材质、板坯加热温度、轧制规程、轧制计划等进行了优化,使因粘结导致的辊迹缺陷的发生率由38.4%降低到1.0%以内。     

Prediction of effect of rolling speed on coefficient of friction in hot sheet rolling of steel using sliding rolling tribo-simulator

In order to reduce the rolling force and the roll wear, the lubricants have been used in hot rolling of steel. In order to evaluate the tribological behavior at the interface between roll and workpiece in hot steel rolling, it is important to measure the coefficient of friction and examine the effect of the tribological factors on the coefficient of friction. In this paper, the effect of the rolling speed on the coefficient of friction is investigated using the tribo-simulator testing machine for hot rolling developed by the authors. The workpiece used is SPHC. The roll material is SKD11 and the surface roughnesses are 0.05 μm, 0.2 μm and 0.8 μm. The rolling tests are carried out at a temperature of 800 °C during a rolling distance of 400 mm, changing the rolling speed from 15 to 70 m/min. The colza oil is used as a base oil and the emulsion concentrations are 0.1% and 3.0%. The coefficient of friction at an emulsion concentration of 3.0% is independent on the rolling speed. On the other hand, the coefficient of friction at an emulsion concentration of 0.1% decreases with increasing rolling speed in the lower range of rolling speed, but it increases in increasing rolling speed in the higher range of rolling speed.     

在CSP线上开发冷轧用低碳钢带

介绍了包钢CSP厂通过成分调整和工艺优化，研究出适合冷轧生产的热轧低碳钢带生产工艺。IM时通过严格加热炉热工制度和换辊制度等，解决了CSP工艺生产的冷轧用低碳钢热带的表面质量问题，用其生产的冷带成形性能优良，可作为深冲、超深冲使用。     

ASR work roll shifting strategy for schedule-free rolling in hot wide strip mills

In order to meet the requirement of schedule-free rolling (SFR) for wide non-oriented electrical steel production with a large number of the same width strip rolling campaigns, ASR (asymmetry self-compensating work rolls) shifting strategies for different rolling schedules are studied. According to the actual rolling process, the work roll wear prediction mathematical model for non-oriented electrical steel sheets and a 3D finite element model for roll stacks are established. The effects of the shifting step and the shifting rhythm on the ASR wear contour and the loaded roll gap profile within the entire rolling campaign are analyzed. The reasonable ASR shifting strategies for different rolling schedules are developed. In comparison with the conventional work roll contour of K-WRS mill, the self-maintenances of roll contours for ASR reach to more than 88%, the rate of the measured strip crown less than 45 μm increased from 41.8% to 94.9%, and the rate of the measured strip crown larger than 52 μm decreased from 32.6% to 2.0% by industrial test on the production of the same strip-width for wide non-oriented electrical steel sheets in the 1700 mm hot strip mill of WISCO. The ASR technology has applied to the production successfully.     

超纯铁素体不锈钢织构演变与成形性能的研究

系统研究了超纯铁素体不锈钢(w(Cr)=17%)沿钢板厚度方向各层织构的演变规律和不同精轧温度对织构演变及成形性能的影响规律。采用X射线衍射仪分析了宏观织构演变。研究表明: 热轧及退火后, 钢板表层以剪切织构为主, 中心层由?和?纤维织构组成; 冷轧后, 各层均由较强的?纤维织构和较弱的?纤维织构组成; 冷轧退火后各层均形成?纤维再结晶织构。与高温精轧相比, 低温精轧有利于冷轧退火板?纤维再结晶织构的强化、偏离{111}<112>组分的程度降低, 从而显著改善冷轧退火板的成形性能。     

防轧辊表面氧化膜剥落提升带钢表面质量技术改造

国内某1 780 mm热连轧机组因精轧机工作辊表面氧化膜剥落而严重影响带钢表面质量,导致每月约有1 500 t钢卷被判为废次品。从轧辊材质、轧辊冷却水、防剥落水、轧制润滑及切水板等方面分析了轧辊表面氧化膜剥落的原因,并通过优化轧辊冷却水、调整防剥落水喷射位置、消除集管间相互干扰、改造切水板配置等技改方案解决了热轧生产中轧辊表面氧化膜剥落的问题,因氧化膜剥落产生的热轧卷废次品减少了90%以上,企业降废增效成果显著。     

Development of efficient production routes based on strip casting for advanced high strength steels for crash-relevant parts

Twin roll strip casting can be an effective alternative to produce high manganese TWIP steel, which provides extraordinary mechanical properties. In the work presented, 1.5–3 mm thin hot strips with up to 30 wt% manganese were produced directly from the melt and further processed to cold strip. An adapted thermo-mechanical treatment, consisting of cold rolling with or without subsequent annealing, enables to adjust different material states, such as recrystallised or strengthened state, and thus to tailor the mechanical properties. As an example for the superior crash behaviour of high manganese TWIP steels, dynamic crash tests were carried out using cold rolled Fe–29Mn–0.3C steel in different material states.     

防轧辊表面氧化膜剥落提升带钢表面质量技术改造

国内某1 780 mm热连轧机组因精轧机工作辊表面氧化膜剥落而严重影响带钢表面质量，导致每月约有1 500 t钢卷被判为废次品。从轧辊材质、轧辊冷却水、防剥落水、轧制润滑及切水板等方面分析了轧辊表面氧化膜剥落的原因，并通过优化轧辊冷却水、调整防剥落水喷射位置、消除集管间相互干扰、改造切水板配置等技改方案解决了热轧生产中轧辊表面氧化膜剥落的问题，因氧化膜剥落产生的热轧卷废次品减少了90%以上，企业降废增效成果显著。     

FEM analysis of stress on roll surface black oxide layers exfoliation in hot strip rolling

To understand the mechanism of formation and exfoliation, black oxide layers were investigated, and the effects of stress on the exfoliation were analyzed by finite element method (FEM). The roll surface on which black oxide layers form is composed mainly of Fe₃O₄, which is caused by the oxidation of the roll material itself. Cracks form and are easily propagated along M₃C- and M₇C₃-type carbides, which leads to further cracking along M₃C and M₇C₃ carbides as a result of contact stress fatigue produced by cyclic mechanical stresses that normally occur during the rolling process. Thermal fatigue of the roll surface is produced by the thermal cycles created alternately by contact with the hot strip and the cooling water on the roll. The generation and propagation of cracks in the black oxide layers during rolling is promoted by circumference compressive stress at roll surface. Under this stress, the exfoliation of the black oxide layers happens on the roll surface.     

ON THE STICKING OF THIN STEEL SHEETS DURING PACK ROLLING

本文叙述关于热叠轧薄板粘结的研究结果。比较全面和深入的研究说明,薄板粘结与许多因素有关,因此必须较全面地控制轨料、工具和加热情况以及轧制条件,才能较有效地减少粘结。 实验结果指出,温度为影响粘结的主要因素之一,粘结随温度升高而增加。粘结随压下率的增加亦有增加。轧制速度适当地提高可以减少粘结。辊面光洁度对粘结亦有一定的影响,经常保持辊面的光洁度可以减少粘结。薄板轨后的冷却速度和方式,对粘结也有很大影响,故板堆不宜过高,且应使之加速冷却。 氧化铁皮亦为影响粘结的主要因素之一,毫无氧化铁皮的表面可以在轧制过程中结为牢固的整体。加热和轧制均能改变薄板内磷的分布’而使薄板表面层的磷含量增加,因此少量的磷对减少粘结可以起显著的作用。 粘结区的显微结构表现有五种不同的特征,足以说明造成粘结的多种原因。     

1780mm热轧F_1～F_4机架入出口导卫间介质系统综合改造

针对某1780mm热轧带钢生产线F_1～F_4精轧机存在工作辊辊面氧化膜异常脱落,工作辊防剥落水及轧制润滑效果不佳的问题,对F_1～F_4机架入出口导卫间介质系统进行了改造,通过调整F_1～F_4机架入出口除鳞集管布置、入出口工作辊冷却水量的重新分配,以及轧制润滑的改善,使轧辊建立了稳定的氧化膜,减少了辊耗,提高了产品表面质量。