骨灰瓷研究试验报告

目录一、前言二、试验工作的主要内容 (一)原料,泥料工序 1.骨头的组成和加工工艺对泥料塑性的影响 (1)骨头的组成与结构 (2)骨头焙烧温度对泥料塑性的影响 (3)采用湿骨入窑焙烧对泥料塑性的影响 (4)骨灰的除碱对泥料塑性的影响 2.其他原料性状、化学组成、质量要求 3.骨灰瓷坯料配方的研究 (1)不同量的骨灰和粘土对瓷体呈色的关系 (2)试验配方组成范围的选择 (3)骨灰瓷泥料配方试验 (4)不同结晶区域内典型配方的岩相分析     

液滴-冷凝法制备磷酸盐陶瓷微球颗粒

介绍了一种制备磷酸盐陶瓷微球的工艺--液滴-冷凝法工艺,该工艺以生物陶瓷羟基磷灰石[Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2,HA]和β-磷酸三钙[β-Ca3(PO4)2,β-TCP]为主料制备了磷酸盐陶瓷微球.采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射分别对磷酸盐陶瓷微球的微观形貌、相组成进行了表征.制备的微球主要由β-Ca3(PO4)2和Mg3(PO4)2组成,其表面和内部都存在丰富的微孔且孔间互相贯通,有望在骨修复材料和药物缓释载体中得到应用.与其它制备工艺相比较,液滴-冷凝法在制备粒径均匀的陶瓷微球方面具有优越性.     

热处理对磷酸钙微晶玻璃中β-Ca2P2O7晶相含量的影响

在不同条件下对摩尔组分为3Na2O-12TiO2-57CaO-28P2O5玻璃进行热处理，研究其热处理条件与微晶玻璃的β-Ca2P2O7晶相古量和生物活性的关系。实验结果表明：该组成玻璃经热处理后，可以获得含有β-Ca2P2O7，CaTi4(PO4)6，NaTi2(PO4)3和TiP2O7晶相的微晶玻璃，β-Ca2P2O7为主晶相。随着成核温度提高和成核时间的延长，β-Ca2P2O7晶相在微晶玻璃中含量增加。含较多β-Ca2P2O7晶相的微晶玻璃有较强的生物活性，主要是由于β-Ca2P2O7晶相有较强的促进生物活性的能力，因而使微晶玻璃有较强的生物活性，其结果是改变微晶玻璃的热处理条件就改变了向微晶玻璃的生物活性。     

钙磷酸盐系生物活性微晶玻璃的制备与研究

用粉末-烧结法制备了钙磷酸盐微晶玻璃，通过DTA，XRD，SEM探讨了材料的制备过程、相组成及显微结构。玻璃粉末在烧结的同时进行晶化，热处理后得到了主晶相为8-Ca3（PO4）2和β-Ca2PO7的微晶玻璃，随着烧结温度的提高,β-Ca2PO7的含量先减小后增大，950℃烧结的微晶玻璃中β-Ca2PO7的含量最大。实验结果表明，用粉末一烧结法可制得具有生物活性晶相的钙磷酸盐微晶玻璃。     

氢氧化钙-磷酸体系在沉淀法合成羟基磷灰石过程中原料粒度的影响

采用化学沉淀法,分别以3种不同颗粒尺寸的氢氧化钙[Ca(OH)2]与磷酸(H3PO4)反应制备羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)粉末,研究了原料粒度对合成HA的影响.测定了合成过程中溶液的pH值和不同反应时间内合成产物的摩尔比n(Ca)/n(P),并表征了所得粉末的组成、颗粒形貌和粒度分布.研究表明:在采用粒度为57～88 μm的中等尺寸的原料时,合成过程中,溶液大部分时间处于较高的碱性范围,得到的HA粉末的纯度高、颗粒尺寸分布范围较窄.采用较大尺寸的原料时,溶液的碱性较低,合成的HA粉末中存在磷酸钙β-Ca3(PO4)2(β-TCP)和氧化钙(CaO)且尺寸分布范围较宽.采用较小尺寸原料时,HA粉末存在较严重的团聚现象,团聚体尺寸较大.Ca(OH)2-H3PO4体系用化学沉淀法制备HA粉末时,Ca(OH)2颗粒尺寸是影响合成过程的重要因素之一.     

Ca/Mg/PO_4骨修复材料的制备及降解性能的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了具有不同Mg含量的Ca/Mg/PO4骨修复材料,其主要成分为β-Ca3(PO4)2(β-TCP),Mg以第二相Ca4Mg5(PO4)6的形式存在于其中。将Ca/Mg/PO4骨修复材料浸入模拟体液中,通过测定模拟体液的pH值、Ca2+浓度及Ca/Mg/PO4骨修复材料的质量变化,分析Ca/Mg/PO4骨修复材料降解前后的物相及表面形貌的变化,来研究Ca/Mg/PO4骨修复材料的降解性能。结果表明:随着浸泡时间的延长,模拟体液的pH值、Ca2+浓度先快速下降后逐渐趋于稳定,Ca/Mg/PO4骨修复材料质量不断减小;随着Mg含量的增加,模拟体液的pH值不断增大,Ca2+浓度和Ca/Mg/PO4骨修复材料质量不断减小;浸泡28d后,Ca/Mg/PO4骨修复材料表面析出类似于羟基磷灰石的物质。     

高纯铝酸钙粉体的化学合成

选用Ca(OH) 2 饱和溶液和AlCl3溶液为初始原料 ,按Al3+ 与Ca2 + 的摩尔比为 2 .2配成混合溶液 ,在常温、高pH值下 ,先合成前驱体铝酸钙水化沉淀物 ,再经110 0℃煅烧制成高活性、高纯度的铝酸钙粉体。煅烧后粉体的XRD分析和SEM观察显示 :合成物于 10 0 0℃煅烧有大量铝酸钙矿物形成 ,110 0℃时可获得稳定的铝酸钙矿物 ,它是以CA为主晶相 ,并含有少量CA2的二元混合物 ,其中位径d50 约为 0 .6 6 μm ,比表面积为13m2 ·g- 1。     

热处理对磷酸钙微晶玻璃中β-Ca_2P_2O_7晶相含量的影响

在不同条件下对摩尔组分为 3Na2 O 12TiO2 5 7CaO 2 8P2 O5玻璃进行热处理 ,研究其热处理条件与微晶玻璃的 β Ca2 P2 O7晶相含量和生物活性的关系。实验结果表明 :该组成玻璃经热处理后 ,可以获得含有 β Ca2 P2 O7,CaTi4(PO4) 6 ,NaTi2 (PO4) 3和TiP2 O7晶相的微晶玻璃 ,β Ca2 P2 O7为主晶相。随着成核温度提高和成核时间的延长 ,β Ca2 P2 O7晶相在微晶玻璃中含量增加。含较多 β Ca2 P2 O7晶相的微晶玻璃有较强的生物活性 ,主要是由于 β Ca2 P2 O7晶相有较强的促进生物活性的能力 ,因而使微晶玻璃有较强的生物活性 ,其结果是改变微晶玻璃的热处理条件就改变了微晶玻璃的生物活性     

煅烧温度与保温时间对合成莫来石材料结构与性能的影响

本研究是利用铝型材厂污泥与叶腊石合成莫来石材料.主要探讨煅烧温度和保温时间对莫来石合成料中形成的晶相、微观形貌及其含量的影响;从中确定较佳的煅烧温度和保温时间.采用XRD法和SEM法表征各试样形成的晶相和显微结构;用Rietveld Quantification 法确定各试样中各晶相的含量.实验结果表明不同煅烧温度和保温时间各试样形成的主晶相都是莫来石固溶体(Al4.59Si1.41O9.7),确定较佳煅烧反应温度为1600 ℃,较佳煅烧保温时间为3 h,对应的莫来石固溶体含量为96.4wt%.     

粉末-烧结法制备CaO-P2O5-TiO2-Na2O系微晶玻璃

用粉末-烧结法制备了钙磷酸盐微晶玻璃,通过DTA,XRD,SEM测试探讨了材料的制备过程、相组成及显微结构.玻璃粉末在烧结的同时进行晶化,热处理后得到了主晶相为β-Ca3(PO4)2和β-Ca2P2O7的微晶玻璃,随着烧结温度的提高,β-Ca2P2O7的含量先减小后增大,950℃烧结的微晶玻璃中β-Ca2P2O7的含量最大.实验结果表明,用粉末-烧结法可制得具有生物活性晶相的钙磷酸盐微晶玻璃.     

Role of Metabolism in Bone Development and Homeostasis

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are the underlying energy sources for animals and are catabolized through specific biochemical cascades involving numerous enzymes. The catabolites and metabolites in these metabolic pathways are crucial for many cellular functions; therefore, an imbalance and/or dysregulation of these pathways causes cellular dysfunction, resulting in various metabolic diseases. Bone, a highly mineralized organ that serves as a skeleton of the body, undergoes continuous active turnover, which is required for the maintenance of healthy bony components through the deposition and resorption of bone matrix and minerals. This highly coordinated event is regulated throughout life by bone cells such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, and requires synchronized activities from different metabolic pathways. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the cellular metabolism involved in bone development and homeostasis, as revealed by mouse genetic studies.     

Survey of MRI Usefulness for the Clinical Assessment of Bone Microstructure

Bone microarchitecture has been shown to provide useful information regarding the evaluation of skeleton quality with an added value to areal bone mineral density, which can be used for the diagnosis of several bone diseases. Bone mineral density estimated from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has shown to be a limited tool to identify patients’ risk stratification and therapy delivery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed as another technique to assess bone quality and fracture risk by evaluating the bone structure and microarchitecture. To date, MRI is the only completely non-invasive and non-ionizing imaging modality that can assess both cortical and trabecular bone in vivo. In this review article, we reported a survey regarding the clinically relevant information MRI could provide for the assessment of the inner trabecular morphology of different bone segments. The last section will be devoted to the upcoming MRI applications (MR spectroscopy and chemical shift encoding MRI, solid state MRI and quantitative susceptibility mapping), which could provide additional biomarkers for the assessment of bone microarchitecture.     

Bone Density as a Marker of Response to Radiotherapy in Bone Metastatic Lesions: A Review of the Published Data

Metastases to the bone are presenting in a great percentage of patients with cancer, causing a variety of symptoms, affecting the quality of life and survival of patients. A multidisciplinary approach from different health providers is required for treatment, including radiation oncologists, medical oncologists and surgeons. The role of radiotherapy in the management of bone metastases has long been established through multiple randomized trials. The estimation of response to the therapy is subjective and is based on the palliation of the symptoms that the patients report. However, a quantification of the tumor burden and response to the treatment with the use of an objective method to measure those parameters is a clinical expectation in oncology. The change in bone density in affected areas (mainly lytic) after local radiotherapy, representing the cellular changes that have occurred, is a promising marker of response to treatment.     

Dietary pseudopurpurin effects on bone mineral density and bone geometry architecture in rats

The objective of our study was to evaluate whether feeding pseudopurpurin affects bone mineral density and bone geometry architecture in rats. Pseudopurpurin was extracted, analyzed and purified using an HLPC-ESI-MS. Rats were given 0% and 0.5% pseudopurpurin powder in their diet. Femurs of rats were examined at 0.5, 1 and 2 months after pseudopurpurin feeding. Compared with rats in the group 0%, the bone mineral density, and the calcium, magnesium, zinc and manganese concentrations in the rats femur in the group 0.5% increased significantly at 1 month and 2 months after pseudopurpurin feeding. Analytical results of micro-computed tomography showed that the group 0.5% displayed an increase in the trabecular volume fraction, trabecular thickness and trabecular number of the distal femur at 1 and 2 months after pseudopurpurin feeding, and the mean thickness, inner perimeter, outer perimeter, and area of the femur diaphysis were significantly increased at 2 months after pseudopurpurin feeding compared with the group 0%. In parallel, the trabecular separation and structure model index of the distal femur were decreased, compared with the group 0% at 1 and 2 months after pseudopurpurin feeding. In the 0.5% and 0% groups, there was no damage to kidney and liver by histopathology analysis. The long-term feeding of pseudopurpurin is safe for rats. The feeding of 0.5% pseudopurpurin which has specific chemical affinities for calcium for bone improvement and level of bone mineral density, enhances the geometry architecture compared with the 0% group.     

骨修复材料研究进展

介绍了骨修复用支架材料和骨水泥的研究进展。从骨形成上考虑，生物材料在不同水平上仿生，为其设计的永恒主题，才能模仿细胞外基质的功能。     

Piezo Channels: Awesome Mechanosensitive Structures in Cellular Mechanotransduction and Their Role in Bone

Piezo channels are mechanosensitive ion channels located in the cell membrane and function as key cellular mechanotransducers for converting mechanical stimuli into electrochemical signals. Emerged as key molecular detectors of mechanical forces, Piezo channels’ functions in bone have attracted more and more attention. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of Piezo channels and review the research advances of Piezo channels’ function in bone by highlighting Piezo1′s role in bone cells, including osteocyte, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC), osteoblast, osteoclast, and chondrocyte. Moreover, the role of Piezo channels in bone diseases is summarized.     

组织工程多孔支架材料和制备方法

制备组织工程多孔支架的材料有3大类天然材料、生物陶瓷、合成高分子材料。介绍了其中的一些常用物质,并以聚合物材料的应用为主介绍了含聚合物材料的多孔支架的制备方法纤维粘接法、静电纺丝法、相分离法、气体发泡法、溶液浇注-沥滤法、固体自由成型法、颗粒烧结法。     

Recent advances on injectable nanocomposite hydrogels towards bone tissue rehabilitation

There has been significant interest in the recent past to develop injectable hydrogel scaffolds that follow minimally invasive implantation procedures towards efficient healing and regeneration of defective bone tissues. Such scaffolds offer several advantages, as they can be injected into the irregularly shaped defect and can act as a low-density aqueous reservoir, incorporating necessary components for bone tissue repair and augmentation. Considering that bone is a biocomposite of natural biopolymer and bioapatite nanofiller, there has been a growing trend to develop nanocomposite scaffolds by combining biopolymers and inorganic nanofillers to biomimic the hierarchical nanostructure and composition of natural bone. Furthermore, the nanocomposite scaffolds can be tailored to have patient-specific bone properties, which can lead to better biological responses. The present article begins with the introduction, followed by an overview of polymer matrices, property requirements, and crosslinking techniques employed for injectable hydrogels. Various strategies to develop injectable composites, with emphasis on nanocomposite hydrogels incorporating bioinert and bioactive nanofillers have been discussed. The fundamental challenges related to the development of injectable hydrogel nanocomposite scaffolds and the research efforts directed towards solving these problems have also been reviewed. Finally, future trends and conclusions on new generation injectable hydrogel nanocomposite bone scaffolds have been discussed in this article.     

Superior biological performance and osteoinductive activity of Si-containing bioactive bone regeneration particles for alveolar bone reconstruction

Bone grafting materials for repair of alveolar bone deficits have improved markedly in recent years, increasing the applicability and success of oral implantology. The long-term success rate of dental implant surgery is strongly dependent on the quality and stability of residual bone tissue. Therefore, reconstruction of resorbed alveolar bone is a challenge for clinicians. In the present study, we have developed bioactive bone regeneration particles (BRPs) using amorphous calcium phosphate and 58S bioglass as raw materials. The structural characteristics, biocompatibility, and osteoinductivity of these BRPs were compared to commercially available bovine spongy bone (BSB) without organic components. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that BRPs were composed of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and calcium silicate in the form of hexagonal crystals, while BSB was mainly hydroxyapatite (HA) arranged in orderly nano-sized crystals. The viability of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) cultured in BRP-containing medium was roughly equal to that of hBMSCs in control medium. Moreover, hBMSCs in BRP medium exhibited greater proliferation rates, substrate attachment, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining intensity, and expression levels of osteogenic-related genes (COL-I, OCN, Runx-2, ALP, BSP) than hBMSCs in BSB medium, indicating the superior osteoinductivity of BRPs. Silicon ions released from BRPs during cell culture were crucial for these enhanced biological properties. BRPs also demonstrated superior osteoconduction and osteoinduction properties for bone defect repair, suggesting promise for alveolar bone repair surgery.