脆性及准脆性开裂界面的剪胀内聚力模型

根据界面剪胀与Ⅱ型断裂能间的关系,给出构造含剪胀效应张力-位移关系的新途径,该方法先假定Ⅱ型张力-位移关系,再计算界面剪胀函数,从而更易于应用。通过定义基于能量和界面不连续位移的4个损伤变量,给出含剪胀效应的损伤张力-位移关系表示形式,使模型不仅能模拟单调加载问题,而且可模拟反复加载问题。对界面在受压状态下的切向粘结强度、法向位移和摩擦作用分别进行了讨论,给出了相应的计算方法或取值建议。最后通过一个张力-位移关系的实例讨论了界面压力作用、复合模式开裂、卸载-再加载行为和接触罚刚度对法向位移的影响等模型性质。     

岩体结构面切向循环加载本构关系研究

回顾岩体结构面切向循环加载的力学试验和数值模型,并建立新的本构模型。在粘接状态下,结构面切向本构关系表示为由双曲线和直线段组成的滞回曲线。在接触状态由粘接变为滑移的过程中,峰值摩擦角以双曲线函数逐渐降低至残余摩擦角,体现出峰值剪切特性。考虑结构面切向与法向耦合的剪胀关系,建立相应的接触刚度矩阵,并引入初始剪胀角和残余剪胀角来建立分段抛物线形式的剪胀曲线。循环加载导致的磨损对结构面的摩擦和剪胀特性均产生影响,通过以切向塑性功指数函数表示摩擦角和剪胀角的磨损过程。模型在物理意义上反映了切向循环加载的特性,计算结果能较好地拟合试验曲线。     

切向荷载下弹塑性材料的微观位移特性

Fujimoto(2000)研究了受切向荷载作用的微凸体在完全弹性接触或完全塑性接触条件下的微观位移特性。而实际大多数微凸体在法向荷载作用下,因材料的弹塑性性质导致其接触是很难达到完全弹性接触或完全塑性状态的。因此,如何解决切向荷载作用下处于弹塑性接触状态的微凸体的微观位移特性就显得非常重要。作者以Fujimoto模型为基础,结合Cattaneo和Mindlin理论,研究了切向荷载作用下处于弹塑性接触状态微凸体的摩擦力-微观位移关系,并给出了一个计算实例,显示该文理论模型的合理性。     

CRTS Ⅱ型轨道板/CA砂浆界面内聚力模型研究

轨道板与CA砂浆层间离缝是CRTS Ⅱ型板式无砟轨道结构的主要病害之一。为描述轨道板-CA砂浆层间界面本构行为、揭示层间离缝机理,该文提出了一种改进指数型界面内聚力模型,并基于理论分析和试验数据确定了改进模型的参数取值。该模型为含有指数系数的分段函数,可以表征层间界面拉力-位移关系的非线性特征。研究结果表明:改进指数型内聚力模型可以高效计算轨道板-CA砂浆界面内聚强度、损伤萌生时界面相对位移和界面临界断裂能,结果与试验值基本一致;改进指数型模型可以较为准确地模拟轨道板-CA砂浆界面的法向和切向开裂行为。     

初始静剪应力下土与结构接触面静力特性研究

运用80t三维多功能土工试验机对粗粒土与结构接触面在一定初始静剪应力下的三维单调力学特性进行了试验研究。结果表明:接触面在不同剪切方向下均先剪缩后剪胀,剪胀主要在加载后期接触面接近和达到抗剪强度、切向位移较大时产生;接触面切向变形存在非共轴现象,切向位移增量方向随剪切的进行与切向应力逐渐靠近;切向位移间关系基本为直线,且其与初始静剪应力间的夹角和剪切方向角存在良好的数学关系;接触面抗剪强度包线基本为圆形,呈各向同性;剪切方向对接触面剪缩量、体变与切向位移关系、体变与切向应力关系及切向应力-应变关系有较大影响。     

节理岩体非线性本构模型的研究

基于节理岩体变形的非线性特征,针对在节理剪切过程中微凸体的磨损与破碎而导致的应力下降,提出了考虑峰后软化的切向变形本构模型,将传统的双曲线剪切应力-切向位移关系采用具有驼峰的软化型曲线。对节理岩体法向与切向耦合的剪胀关系,建立了一种新的非线性曲线,修正了以往的线性行为。所得计算结果与试验曲线的比较中,具有很好的吻合性。     

纤维增强复合材料轴对称界面端的奇异应力场

提出了一种分析横观各向同性纤维增强复合材料轴对称界面端的奇异应力场的特征值法。基于横观各向同性弹性材料空间轴对称问题的基本方程和一阶近似假设,利用分离变量形式的位移函数和无网格算法,导出了关于应力奇异性指数和应力角函数的奇异性特征方程。对于纤维/基体轴对称界面端模型,特征值法给出的应力奇异性指数、相应的位移和应力角函数,与通过有限元分析得到的结果非常吻合。利用有限元计算得到的奇异应力场,结合特征值法给出的应力奇异性指数和应力角函数,通过线性外插得到了相应的应力强度系数。特征值法结合有限元分析,可以完全确定横观各向同性纤维增强复合材料轴对称界面端的奇异应力场。     

含双尺度界面复相陶瓷的细观界面滑移应力

基于复相陶瓷显微特征和双尺度界面特性,分析含双尺度界面复相陶瓷内的细观界面滑移应力。首先,基于复相陶瓷宏观、细观和纳观弹性性能,计算双尺度界面复相陶瓷产生弹性变形时的细观平均应力场。然后,在纳观界面位移和应力连续基础上,提出了界面应变模型,确定了纳观界面附近纤维和基体内的位移函数,考虑界面应变的突变值与界面模量间的比例关系,根据纳观界面特性和纤维分布形式,确定出弹性变形条件下外载传递到细观界面上的切应力。最后,基于压痕实验测得复相陶瓷细观界面滑移的屈服切应力,得到细观界面滑移应力的理论计算公式并进行了定量分析。结果表明,复相陶瓷内纳观界面弹性模量越小或泊松比越小时,细观界面越易滑移,复相陶瓷越易产生塑性变形。     

等厚双层涂层材料受切向集中力作用的三维理论解

基于三维弹性问题Papkovitch一般解和半无限体表面受切向集中力作用的基本解,通过利用镜像点方法和Dirichlet等值性原理,推导了等厚双层涂层材料受切向集中力作用的显式理论解。该理论解是以固定在各镜像点上的局部坐标系下的位移函数的形式给出的。由于载荷点通过涂层自由表面和界面的反复映射,可产生无穷多个镜像点,但最后的数值验算表明,我们只需考虑有限个镜像点,即可获得足够精度的解,这不仅说明推导的正确性,而且也表明只有前面几个镜像点的位移函数才对结果有较大影响。该理论解还可用作格林函数,进一步求解复杂问题的理论解。     

颗粒增强复合材料的界面模型与界面相模型的关系

对颗粒增强复合材料界面模型与界面相模型的关系进行了研究。通过界面位移和应力的间断量建立了与球形粒子薄界面相等效的不完善界面条件和线弹簧界面条件。根据线弹簧界面和具有任意弹性模量的薄界面相之间的等效关系,得到了弹簧常数的表达式。数值结果表明:当界面相和基体的模量比值较小时,与薄界面相模型的精确解相比较,不完善界面和线弹簧界面的解有很高的精确性。另外针对线弹簧模型的性质,讨论了界面可能的法向嵌入,并建立了保证无嵌入的条件。      

A comparison of direct and iterative methods for determining traction-separation relations

Traction-separation relations have been used to represent the adhesive interactions at bimaterial interfaces for contact and fracture analyses. There are a variety of methods for determining these relations, which are broadly sorted into iterative and direct methods. Here we compare the traction-separation relations for a silicon/epoxy interface extracted by two such methods. Interferometric measurements of the normal crack opening displacements near the crack front in a double-cantilever beam specimen were exploited along with an augmented analytical solution for J-integral as an illustration of the direct method. As an example of the iterative method, we relied on comparisons of measured crack length and normal crack opening displacements with numerical simulations obtained from two types of candidate traction-separation relations. It was found that the shape of the traction-separation relation, in addition to the interfacial toughness and strength, was needed to bring the numerical solutions into optimal registration with the measurements. On the other hand, the direct method lived up to its name in terms of ease of parameter extraction while providing a reasonable set of parameters.     

Effect of porosity on the interface behavior of an Al2O3-aluminum composite: A molecular dynamics study

Molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to study the effect of porosity and temperature on a ductile-brittle interface under tensile and shear loadings. Traditionally the interface is characterized by a cohesive zone model (CZM) with the traction-separation law assumed or parameterized through experiments, where the experimental determination of the shape of the CZM has proven to be difficult. In this study a traction-separation law is thus obtained for an alumina-aluminum composite system by conducting molecular dynamics simulations. A statistical approach is suggested to characterize the cohesive strength in the parameterized traction-separation law via the Weibull distribution, which consequently governs the interface behavior of the composite.     

黄泛区粉土-玻璃纤维增强聚合物复合材料布界面摩擦特性试验

玻璃纤维增强聚合物复合材料（GFRP）强度高、耐热性好、抗碱性腐蚀能力较强,目前已广泛的应用于土木工程领域中。为了研究黄泛区粉土和GFRP布之间的界面摩擦特性,利用TZY-1型土工合成材料综合测定仪开展了直剪摩擦试验研究,分析了含水率、压实度和法向应力对界面摩擦特性的影响。结果表明,黄泛区粉土和GFRP布的界面摩擦强度随着压实度的增大而增大;界面摩擦强度在土体的含水率最优时达到最大,超过最优含水率后会下降;界面抗剪力随着法向应力的增大而增大,摩擦系数随着法向应力的增大而降低。      

Untersuchungen über das Strangpressen kubisch-flächenzentrierter Metalle

Investigation of the extrudability of face-centered cubic metals Part I represents investigations of the behaviour of the interface during the extrusion of lead and lead alloys. The alloying tendency (welding) and the coefficient of friction μ do not show any relationship to the power requirements during the process of extrusion. Due to the high pressure inside the extrusion presses an interfacial movement (friction) can take place only if the coefficient of friction is in the range of μ ≦ 0,001. By knowing the normal pressure and the shear strength of the material the coefficient of friction for slip-stick conditions can be determined from a chart. The dynamic friction is presented as the shearing off of the interfacial contact points and the stationary friction as the creep of these contact points. Attempts to calculate the power requirements of industrial presses on the basis of the shear strength of the material and shear area were successful.     

Numerical analysis of composite systems by using interphase/interface models

The paper considers two classes of approaches for the numerical analysis of composite systems: the first one discretizes the assumed interphase (between matrix and fibre) as volumic elements and uses material models that degenerate from Continuum Damage Mechanics. The second one introduces interface elements that relate non linearly the normal and tangential tractions to the corresponding displacement discontinuities, incorporating a progressive decohesion, following the lines of Needleman (1987) and Tvergaard (1990). The respective capabilities of these two approaches are discussed on the basis of some numerical results obtained for a unidirectional metal matrix composite system. When the models are consistently adjusted they are able to reproduce the same kind of results. The advantages of the second class of method is underlined and two new versions of interface models are proposed that guarantee the continuity and the monotonicity of the shear stiffness between the progressive decohesion phase and the subsequent contact/friction law that plays role under compressive shear after complete separation.     

Cohesive zone representations of failure between elastic or rigid solids and ductile solids

A cohesive zone model that describes tangential separation as well as normal separation along an interface is reviewed. The model is based on nonlinear traction-separation relations between the normal and tangential components of the interface tractions and relative displacements. To illustrate the application of the cohesive zone model in studies of material failure or crack growth, analyses of matrix-fibre debonding in metal matrix composites are presented, taking into account effects of residual stresses or of nonlocal plasticity for the matrix. Also studies of interface crack growth under mixed mode conditions are discussed.     

Determination of interfacial mechanical properties of ceramic composites by the compression of micro-pillar test specimens

A novel method to determine the fiber-matrix interfacial properties of ceramic matrix composites is proposed and evaluated; where micro-pillar samples containing inclined fiber/matrix interfaces were prepared from a SiC fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites and then compression-tested using the nano-indentation technique. This new test method employs a simple geometry and mitigates the uncertainties associated with complex stress state in the conventional single-filament push-out method or tensile unloading–reloading hysteresis loop analysis method for the determination of interfacial properties. Based on the test results using samples with different interface orientations, the interfacial debond shear strength and the internal friction coefficient are explicitly determined and compared with values obtained by other test methods. SEM observation showed that micro compression caused an adhesive type of debonding between the fiber and the pyrolytic carbon interface. The results suggest that the debonding/failure behavior of the micro-pillars followed the Coulomb fracture criterion. The determined interfacial debond shear strength is ~100 MPa, which appears to be smaller than that determined from fiber push-out test for similar composite systems. The difference can be explained by the effect of normal stress (clamping stress) on the apparent interfacial debond shear strength.     

带有橡胶垫层的混凝土接触特性试验及其内聚力模型

针对带有橡胶垫层的混凝土试件,通过直剪试验研究了带有橡胶垫层的混凝土接触摩擦特性。采用PPR内聚力模型表征接触面的接触摩擦特性,对试验结果进行了模拟分析。试验结果表明:在带有橡胶垫层的混凝土接触面剪切过程中,剪切应力与剪切位移的变化过程可分为弹性、弹塑性硬化和应变软化变形阶段。当轴向应力在1.5 MPa~13 MPa范围内时,残余强度与剪切强度比在55%~65%,当轴向应力为17 MPa和21 MPa时,残余强度与剪切强度比大约分别为70%、80%。橡胶垫层在混凝土之间起到良好的缓冲作用。在轴向应力较大时,接触面的应力变形会伴有明显的软化变形阶段。利用Archard非线性幂次准则描绘了剪切峰值应力与轴向应力的关系,准则中常数k和m分别为0.97和0.33。PPR内聚力模型计算表明剪切应力随剪切位移变化关系曲线与试验结果基本吻合,为研究盾构管片块体间的接触摩擦作用研究提供借鉴。