超低碳IF钢头坯洁净度的研究

对比分析超低碳IF钢浇次头坯、过渡坯和尾坯的洁净度发现,非稳态头坯洁净度远差于其它铸坯,换钢包交接坯和尾坯洁净度满足质量要求。提出了改善头坯洁净度的措施,即浇铸前中间包吹氩以减少浇铸初期钢水的二次氧化、优化中间包堰坝结构以增加中间包堰坝吸附夹杂物的能力。采取措施后,浇次头坯洁净度得到了提高,钢种夹杂废品率降低。     

石油套管钢管壁内缺陷的形成机理

针对某石油套管钢管壁内缺陷,采用扫描电镜?能谱仪（SEM-EDS）分析,并结合FactSage8.0软件计算进行研究,结果表明缺陷纵向面主要由浅条纹及深条纹组成,浅条纹处存在大量MgO·Al₂O₃夹杂物,深条纹处有大量的Al₂O₃、MgO·Al₂O₃、CaO·Al₂O₃·SiO₂等夹杂物聚集在一起。缺陷横截面上的夹杂物主要为CaO·Al₂O₃·SiO₂、CaO·Al₂O₃·MgO和CaO·Al₂O₃·MgO·SiO₂ 3类。推测钢管壁内缺陷形成机理主要为:①大包钢水在浇注末期钢水卷带钢包渣进入中间包钢水中,该渣滴随后吸附钢中高Al₂O₃含量的微细xAl₂O₃·yCaO或Al₂O₃夹杂物,导致渣滴中的Al₂O₃含量升高;②大包钢水在真空脱气（VD）精炼过程大Ar气搅拌下卷入了钢包渣,该渣滴随后吸附钢中的微细Al₂O₃夹杂物,导致渣滴中的Al₂O₃含量升高;以上两种形式形成的渣滴在凝固冷却过程中,转变为CaO·Al₂O₃·SiO₂, CaO·Al₂O₃·MgO,CaO·Al₂O₃·SiO₂·MgO 3种类型的夹杂物。圆管坯在穿孔变形过程中,在纵向拉应力和横向切应力作用下,使卷入的大型渣滴沿纵向及横截面延伸扩展,最终形成钢管壁内的缺陷。      

210 t BOF-RH-板坯CC流程钢包顶渣改质处理对超低碳钢夹杂物的影响

检测分析了加改质剂（/%:38~43Al,20~30Al₂O₃,27~31CaO,≤6SiO₂,≤6MgO）改质210 t钢包顶渣前后超低碳钢（≤0.01%C）连铸坯中的夹杂物数量和尺寸分布,通过热力学分析,研究了改质剂对钢渣间氧平衡以及连铸坯中夹杂物的影响。结果表明,钢包顶渣改质前的精炼渣样成分为（/%）25.55~39.68CaO,8.51~15.14SiO₂,6.34~27.09MgO,5.92~6.54Al₂O₃,17.32~22.24FeO,3.86~7.35MnO,改质后渣样成分为（/%）34.36~40.43CaO,7.69~11.47SiO₂,6.42~7.31MgO,8.31~25.54Al₂O₃,11.94~20.78FeO,2.17~2.63MnO;采用钢包顶渣改质处理,实际渣中a_(FeO)小于与钢液中氧相平衡的a_(FeO),引起了钢液中的氧通过渣金界面向渣中扩散,从而降低了钢液中氧活度,显著改善钢液的洁净度和降低连铸坯中的夹杂物数量和尺寸,水口结瘤得到明显改善;同时,虽然渣中的a_(FeO)下降较小,但钢液中氧活度得到了明显降低。     

IF钢冷轧板表面翘皮缺陷分析与探讨

对IF钢冷轧板表面典型翘皮缺陷进行检测分析,结果表明缺陷处聚集分布的Al₂O₃夹杂为缺陷形成的直接原因。通过改进转炉终点氧、转炉下渣量及RH升温吹氧量,顶渣改质,保护浇铸等工艺,有效减少了钢液中Al₂O₃夹杂物的生成量,提高了钢水的洁净度,IF钢冷轧板翘皮缺陷比例由原来的0.5%降至0.2%,表面质量显著提升。     

二次氧化过程IF钢中间包中夹杂物演变行为

 为了研究中间包二次氧化对IF钢洁净度的影响,针对中间包连铸过程不同时刻IF 钢钢液成分和夹杂物的性质进行系统的检测分析,结合热力学计算,揭示IF钢二次氧化过程中夹杂物的演变机理。发现开浇过程中的二次氧化主要是由于吸收空气造成的,使得夹杂物中的Al₂O₃夹杂物质量分数增加。这些增加的Al₂O₃一部分是均质形核导致钢中生成了更多小尺寸的Al₂O₃夹杂物;另一部分是非均质形核导致原来的Al₂O₃-TiO_x复合夹杂物表面形成了一层纯的Al₂O₃层,同时使得夹杂物尺寸变大。     

IF钢中含Ti夹杂物的衍变规律

系统研究了Ti-IF钢冶炼过程和铸坯中含Ti夹杂物的组成、分布与微观形貌,揭示了含Ti夹杂物的衍变规律.热力学分析和实验结果表明:在IF钢冶炼过程中无TiN生成,含Ti夹杂物的存在形式是以TiO₂为主的钛氧化物结合其他氧化物的复合夹杂:而在连铸凝固过程中,由于钢液温度降低和元素的偏析作用,TiN夹杂以异质形核的方式生成.IF钢铸坯中非金属夹杂物主要是大尺寸Al₂O₃颗粒和存在中间过渡层的TiN—Al₂TiO₅-Al₂O₃复合夹杂物,其形核长大过程是[Al]、[Ti]和[O]先在细小的Al₂O₃颗粒上反应生成一层Al₂TiO₅,然后TiN在Al₂TiO₅表面形核长大.根据连铸过程和铸坯中含钛夹杂物的研究得出,Ti-IF钢铸坯中TiN夹杂难以去除,但是可以使其变性以实现对钢中含钛夹杂物的控制.      

IF钢铸坯厚度方向洁净度演变

采用夹杂物原貌分析、扫描电镜和能谱分析、氧氮分析等手段系统分析了IF钢铸坯全厚度方向的洁净度变化及夹杂物分布规律.铸坯厚度方向全氧（T.O）和N质量分数平均值均为17×10-6.内、外弧表层1/16内T.O、N均高于平均值5%~10%,存在夹杂物聚集带;内弧1/4至外弧1/4区域T.O、N水平低于平均值5%~10%;表层1/16至1/4区域接近平均水平.共统计夹杂物963个,夹杂物平均粒径5.7μm,〈5μm占60%,〈10μm占90%;Al₂O₃夹杂主要存在表层5 mm内,尺寸在2~10μm;TiN-Al₂O₃和TiN粒子主要在距离表层5~80 mm,尺寸随深度增加而增大;TiN-TiS和TiS夹杂主要在距离表面80~130 mm,尺寸1~5μm.从铸坯表层到中心主要夹杂物的分布依次是Al₂O₃、Al₂O₃-TiN、TiN、TiN-TiS、TiS和MnS.      

高品质冷轧薄板钢中非金属夹杂物控制技术

 能够造成冷轧薄板表面缺陷的钢中夹杂物主要是簇群状Al2O3、“Ar气泡+Al2O3”和结晶器保护渣卷入形成的大型夹杂物。在正常稳定连铸条件下,目前已能够做到对结晶器保护渣卷渣形成夹杂物加以有效控制。在各类非稳浇铸铸坯中,浇次开浇头坯的品质降低最严重,浇次尾坯中保护渣卷渣形成的夹杂物数量明显多于正常坯,炉-炉间交接坯和快换浸入式水口期间浇铸铸坯中,来源于保护渣卷入形成的夹杂物数量也多于正常坯试样。首钢京唐公司生产冷轧薄板钢类,在1.0～2.0m/min拉速范围,大型夹杂物随拉速增加呈减少趋势,对此应加以关注。研究发现,尺寸100μm以上的有害夹杂物主要存在于铸坯2mm表层内,生产“无表面缺陷”要求的汽车外板,应该采用铸坯表面清理。     

精炼渣Al2O3含量对铝脱氧钢中夹杂物的影响

为研究中等碱度精炼渣中Al₂O₃含量对钢洁净度和夹杂物的影响,在1 873 K温度下用MgO坩埚开展了初始碱度为4、不同Al₂O₃含量的CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO顶渣与铝脱氧钢的平衡试验。结果表明,渣-钢反应后,夹杂物类型由反应前的MgO-Al₂O₃-MnS复合类转变为中心为MgO-Al₂O₃,边部为MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-CaO(-MnO)系的包裹体复合类;形貌由边界多棱角的块状和簇群状转变为边界圆滑的类球状。随着渣中Al₂O₃含量的增加,夹杂物中Al₂O₃含量显著增加,MgO含量减少,其他组分含量变化不大;夹杂物尺寸呈现增大的趋势;夹杂物数量密度增大,钢的洁净度降低。该试验条件...     

超低碳IF钢脱氧合金化过程中夹杂物的行为

 为深入了解超低碳IF钢在脱氧合金化过程中夹杂物的行为,用高温电阻炉开展试验模拟实际生产中铝脱氧钛合金化过程,通过密集取样,详细研究了该过程中夹杂物的转变。研究发现,加铝前,钢中夹杂物主要为球形的FeO_x;加铝后,最先生成浅灰色的球形Al₂O₃,然后向椭球形或单体块状Al₂O₃转变,随后迅速聚合形成不规则状Al₂O₃,最终聚合成簇群状Al₂O₃,整个过程大约在加铝后2 min内完成;加钛后,钢液中形成3种类型的Al-Ti复合类夹杂物,但在加钛大约4 min后便会转化为稳定的Al₂O₃相。整个脱氧合金化过程中,氧含量和夹杂物的量呈下降的趋势,钢液的洁净度逐渐提高。     

IF钢开浇阶段铸坯洁净度分析

由于IF钢生产过程中对开浇阶段铸坯质量判定不明确,因此在利用时容易导致产品质量问题而增加生产成本。通过对头坯不同位置进行取样,研究IF钢开浇阶段铸坯沿拉坯方向的洁净度变化。实验结果表明,IF钢开浇阶段铸坯中大型夹杂物主要来源于结晶器卷渣和中间包中来不及上浮的脱氧或二次氧化产物;从距离头坯头部2.5m位置开始,由结晶器卷渣所引入的大型夹杂物含量接近正常坯水平;距离头坯头部7.5m位置处开始N含量与正常坯含量基本持平,簇状Al_2O_3夹杂物数量及尺寸接近正常坯水平;距离头坯头部8.5m位置处开始全氧质量分数保持在20×10~(-6)左右。     

Analysis of source of macro- inclusions in bloom of bearing steel

In order to improve the steel cleanliness and remove macro- inclusions as many as possible, slime method was applied to study the types of the macro- inclusions in bearing steel at the steel company. The sources of these macro- inclusions were discussed based on the examination results of ladle filler sands. It is found that the amount of macro- inclusions at the initial casting stage of each heat is larger than that at the middle casting stage, while the types of the inclusions are very similar at both stages. Five types of macro- inclusions are detected in bloom. Calcium aluminate macro- inclusions are from the inclusions in liquid steel, while ladle filler sands are confirmed as the source of alumina, spinel and calcia macro- inclusions. Besides, even containing a trace of K, the TiO2- SiO2- FeO- CaO- Al2O3 system complex oxides are not originated from mold flux, but probably from the ladle filler sands and their sintering products. Some necessary considerations on secondary refining and continuous casting are needed to reduce the amount of macro- inclusions. Especially, ladle filler sands should be removed as many as possible before the casting of each heat.     

Improvement of Castability and Surface Quality of Continuously Cast TWIP Slabs by Molten Mold Flux Feeding Technology

An innovative continuous casting process named POCAST (POSCO’s advanced CASting Technology) was developed based on molten mold flux feeding technology to improve both the productivity and the surface quality of cast slabs. In this process, molten mold flux is fed into the casting mold to enhance the thermal insulation of the meniscus and, hence, the lubrication between the solidifying steel shell and the copper mold. Enhancement of both the castability and the surface quality of high-aluminum advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) slabs is one of the most important advantages when the new process has been applied into the commercial continuous casting process. A trial cast of TWIP steel has been carried out using a 10-ton scale pilot caster and 100-ton scale and 250-ton scale commercial casters. The amount of mold flux consumption was more than 0.2 kg/m² in the new process, which is much larger than that in the conventional powder casting. Trial TWIP castings at both the pilot and the plant caster showed stable mold performances such as mold heat transfer. Also, cast slabs showed periodic/sound oscillation marks and little defects. The successful casting of TWIP steel has been attributed to the following characteristics of POCAST: dilution of the reactant by increasing the slag pool depth, enlargement of channel for slag film infiltration at meniscus by elimination of the slag bear, and decrease of apparent viscosity of the mold slag at meniscus by increasing the slag temperature.     

IF钢非稳态连铸坯洁净度定量分析

通过氧氮分析、定量金相分析及大型夹杂物分析等试验方法,对某钢厂IF钢生产稳态及非稳态浇注的连铸坯进行了对比研究。结果表明,稳态坯w(T[O])和w(N)的平均含量分别为11×10-6和18×10-6,显微夹杂物含量平均为4.0个/mm2,大型夹杂物含量为2.10 mg/kg,洁净度较高。非稳态浇注对连铸坯洁净度有较大程度的危害。中间包开浇头坯受到较为严重的空气二次氧化,洁净度最差;钢包交换和更换浸入式水口时受到的空气二次氧化较小,但是钢渣反应和卷渣行为较为严重;尾坯洁净度受到空气二次氧化和卷渣的共同影响。连铸坯显微夹杂物含量分布,沿铸坯宽度方向一般1/4处最多,1/2处最少;沿铸坯厚度方向内外弧附近明显高于连铸坯中心部位。     

低碳铝镇静钢中间包浇注过程夹杂物的行为

 通过对BOF-Ar站-CC炼钢流程生产低碳铝镇静钢的中间包不同浇注时间取样及正常坯的取样,采用氧氮化学分析、光学显微镜以及扫描电镜-能谱(SEM+EDS)等多种方法研究了中间包浇注过程夹杂物特征的变化。结果表明：每炉钢包开浇时与浇注末期,钢中T[O]含量均高于浇注中期的T[O]含量,这是由于换包过程中钢水被二次氧化;中间包钢水及正常坯中的夹杂物,按照其形貌与成分可以分为以下3类：Al2O3基夹杂物,MnS基夹杂物,来自中间包覆盖剂或者钢包下渣所卷入的外来夹杂物。中间包及铸坯中的夹杂物主要以1~4 μm的Al2O3为主,同时在铸坯中发现了大量的MnS夹杂物,使铸坯中夹杂物的数量密度升高。当钢液中硫含量较高时,铸坯中气泡+Al2O3类型的夹杂物增加。在当前的工艺条件下,交换钢包之后的开浇阶段与浇注末期,钢水的二次氧化对铸坯的洁净度产生重要影响,同时应合理控制钢中的硫含量,减少铸坯中气泡+Al2O3类型的夹杂物,避免钢液在凝固过程中析出大量的MnS夹杂物。     

Investigation of Fluid Flow and Steel Cleanliness in the Continuous Casting Strand

Fluid flow in the mold region of the continuous slab caster at Panzhihua Steel is investigated with 0.6-scale water model experiments, industrial measurements, and numerical simulations. In the water model, multiphase fluid flow in the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) and the mold with gas injection is investigated. Top surface level fluctuations, pressure at the jet impingement point, and the flow pattern in the mold are measured with changing submergence depth, SEN geometry, mold width, water flow rate, and argon gas flow rate. In the industrial investigation, the top surface shape and slag thickness are measured, and steel cleanliness including inclusions and the total oxygen (TO) content are quantified and analyzed, comparing the old and new nozzle designs. Three kinds of fluid flow pattern are observed in the SEN: “bubbly flow,” “annular flow,” and an intermediate critical flow structure. The annular flow structure induces detrimental asymmetrical flow and worse level fluctuations in the mold. The SEN flow structure depends on the liquid flow rate, the gas flow rate, and the liquid height in the tundish. The gas flow rate should be decreased at low casting speed in order to maintain stable bubbly flow, which produces desirable symmetrical flow. Two main flow patterns are observed in the mold: single roll and double roll. The single-roll flow pattern is generated by large gas injection, small SEN submergence depth, and low casting speed. To maintain a stable double-roll flow pattern, which is often optimal, the argon should be kept safely below a critical level. The chosen optimal nozzle had 45-mm inner bore diameter, downward 15 deg port angle, 2.27 port-to-bore area ratio, and a recessed bottom. The pointed-bottom SEN generates smaller level fluctuations at the meniscus, larger impingement pressure, deeper impingement, and more inclusion entrapment in the strand than the recess-bottom SEN. Mass balances of inclusions in the steel slag from slag and slab measurements show that around 20 pct of the alumina inclusions are removed from the steel into the mold slag. However, entrainment of the mold slag itself is a critical problem. Inclusions in the steel slabs increase twofold during ladle changes and tenfold during the start and end of a sequence. All of the findings in the current study are important for controlling slag entrainment.     

高端抗硫管线钢非金属夹杂物研究

采用扫描电镜和大样电解等检验方法对抗硫管线钢的冶炼过程试样和连铸坯中夹杂物的数量、尺寸、成分、形貌进行系统分析。结果表明:钢液经过LF精炼后,显微夹杂物的面积比降低了34.7%;中间包钢液的夹杂物面积比较VD出站增加了6.1%。LF进站钢液中的夹杂物主要为Al_2O_3夹杂物,在LF精炼和VD真空处理过程中由于钢渣间的相互作用,形成以CaO、MgO、Al_2O_3为主要组成的复合型夹杂物。钙处理后夹杂物中的CaO和Al_2O_3的物质的量比接近12∶7,并与钢液发生了脱硫反应,形成了含CaS的复合夹杂物。中间包开浇阶段铸坯中的显微夹杂物和大型夹杂物都明显高于稳定浇铸状态;在稳定浇铸状态下,铸坯中的w(T[O])小于15×10~(-6),大型夹杂物的含量小于0.2 mg/kg;大型夹杂物的主要来源是钢包引流砂、结晶器保护渣。