衰落信道下卷积码的软判决译码

本文将交织、信道输出软信息、信道特征软信息相结合,研究Rayleigh衰落信道下卷积码的Viterbi软判决译码,在利用和不利用信道状态信息(CSI)两种情况下给出软判决的支路度量计算公式和性能仿真结果,计算了卷积码的性能上界;研究了解调器输出量化门限(量化级数目、量化间距)对译码性能的影响.结果与硬判决译码及AWGN信道的相关结论进行了比较.     

并行级联分组码的一种新的迭代译码算法

并行级联分组码比串行级联分组码具有更高的码率,基于LLR计算的Turbo迭代译码算法使其内外分量码均做到了软判决译码。通过引入校正因子a（m）,将接收信息与子译码器的输出软信息进行线性叠加反馈能在省去繁琐的LLR计算的情况下实现并行级联分组码的Turbo迭代译码。仿真研究表明,若将译码器的输出进行简单的相关运算,可进一步改善译码器性能。     

Turbo乘积码仿真研究

Turbo codes译码算法的核心是软输入/软输出迭代译码,把这种思想应用于乘积码的译码中,得到了Turbo乘积码(TPC)迭代译码算法。介绍了基于扩展汉明码的乘积码的迭代译码算法,时该算法在AWGN信道中的译码性能进行了仿真。     

软信息辅助硬判决译码在自由空间光通信中的应用

由于在性能和复杂度之间的良好折中,软信息辅助硬判决译码近年来受到了光通信领域的高度关注,其中包括了软信息辅助比特标记(Soft-Aided Bit-Marking,SABM)算法.为了易于硬件实现,本文基于阶梯码(Staircase Code,SCC)提出了一种改进型SABM算法(improved SABM,iSABM),称为iSABM-SCC.iSABM-SCC利用信道软信息,通过两个可信度阈值将硬判决输出比特标记为三种可信度等级,用以辅助硬判决译码识别译码错误和扩展纠错能力,达到提升阶梯码性能的目的.在受大气湍流影响的自由空间光通信中的仿真表明,iSABM-SCC性能显著优于标准SCC和RS码.以强湍流信道为例,码率为0.75的iSABM-SCC在4-PAM调制下较标准SCC产生的性能增益可达4.37 dB,在8-PAM调制下较RS码产生的性能增益可达11.06 dB.     

新的降低复杂度的Turbo均衡

Turbo均衡是一种通过反复均衡和信道译码来提高接收性能的迭代接收机算法。通常的Turbo均衡算法采用均衡与软输出译码的迭代运算，由于均衡和译码的重复计算，使得复杂度大大提高。文中提出了2种降低复杂度的Turbo均衡器：第一种采用软判决维特比译码，第二种采用软输入硬输出的维特比译码。通过仿真表明，这2种算法在几乎没有损失接收性能的情况下，大大降低了计算复杂度，并且第二种的性能要好于第一种。     

纠正同步错误的反转级联水印码的迭代译码

为提高插入删节信道下反转级联水印码（Reverse Concatenated Watermark Code）的译码性能,本文设计了一种反转级联水印码的硬判决迭代译码方案。该方案在反转级联水印码内译码器中引入外译码器输出的硬判决估计序列,交织后的硬判决序列和水印序列的异或作为内译码器的更新后的参考序列,从而减小了码字序列对水印码的影响,改善了水印译码器的参考信息。前后向估计方法利用该参考序列和更新后的有效替代错误概率计算输出概率,进一步用于计算前向度量值和后向度量值,提高了内译码器输出的每个比特的似然信息的可靠度,改善了整体性能。仿真结果表明,当反转级联水印码方案采用硬判决迭代译码算法时,整体性能得到有效提高。      

一种新的π/4DQPSK解调译码方案

本文提出了一种新的π/4DQPSK解调译码方案.该方案利用非冗余纠错差分解调的硬判决信息对Viterbi软判决译码时的量度加权,从而改变了传统的差分解调结合软判决译码的量度值,使差分解调软输出的信噪比得到改善,提高了Viterbi软判决译码的性能.计算机仿真表明,相对于传统的差分解调结合软判决译码,该算法在误比特率BER为10-5时在AWGN信道中有1.4dB的性能改善,在Rician信道中同样有显著的性能改善.这使得在普遍采用差分解调软判决译码的卫星通信系统中系统容量和通信质量都得到显著改善.     

Turbo码软判决输出维特比译码方案的改进

Turbo码是一种新的纠错编码,具有十分强的纠错能力。Turbo码编码端采用两个或两个以上的卷积并行级联构成,译码端则采用以基于软判决信息输入/输出的反馈迭代译码结构。译码算法是Turbo码设计的核心,现已有的两种主要的译码算法——MAP和SOVA。SOVA是一种改进的维特比算法,使其可以逐比特输出与MAP算法类似的软判决信息。该文综述了Turbo码SOVA译码的几种改进方式,并分析了这几种改进方式及仿真结果。     

Turbo码软判决输出维特比译码方案的改造

Turbo码是一种新的纠错编码，具有十分强的纠错能力。Turbo码编码端采用两个或两个以上的卷积并行级联构成，译码端则采用以基于软判决信息输入／输出的反馈迭代译码结构。译码算法是Turbo码设计的核心，现已有的两种主要的译码算法——MAP和SOVA。SOVA是一种改进的维特比算法，使其可以逐比特输出与MAP算法类似的软判决信息。该文综述了Turbo码SOVA译码的几种改进方式，并分析了这几种改进方式及仿真结果。     

Turbo码软判决输出维持比译码方案的改进

Turbo码是一种新的纠错编码，具有十分强的纠错能力，Turbo码编码端采用两个或两个以上的卷积并行级联构成，译码端则采用以基于软判决信息输入/输出的反馈迭代译码结构。译码算法是Turbo码设计的核心，现巳有的两种主要的译码算法-MAP和SOVA。SOVA是一种改进的维持比算法，使其可以逐比特输出与MAP算法类似的软判决信息。该文综述了Turbo码SOVA译码的几种改进方式，并分析了这几种改进方式及仿真结果。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.