印制电路板印料及其进步

简述了印制电路板生产用的专用印料：抗蚀刻印料,抗电镀印料,阻焊印料,字符、标记印料,塞孔印料,导电印料,可剥性印料,焊膏印料等各类印料的技术规范、工艺参数和生产操作技术     

圆盘式放料机构在凹印机上的应用

综述 圆盘式放料机构应用在机组式凹版印刷机放料部位,也可以应用在其它以卷筒料为原料的机器的放料部位,用以完成卷筒料的放卷任务.该机构与传统放料机构相比,料轴回转中心与回转架回转中心距离变得很小,从而解决了接换料时料膜的抖动.     

转筒设计载荷下污泥干燥的抄板特性研究

对污泥干燥在转筒设计载荷工作状态下的5种类型抄板持料撒料特性进行了研究。根据抄板几何形状及持料撒料特性,提出了符合实际的转筒设计载荷模型Ajayi,建立了不同类型抄板持料撒料模型。对5种类型抄板的持料撒料特性研究发现:抄板5持料撒料特性最好,既保证较大持料量又能保证撒料均匀性。最后提出了转筒干燥机结构设计的优化建议来降低转筒干燥污泥的能耗。     

关于浸出车间存料箱生产工艺的改进

浸出油厂存料箱的料封高度要求为 1 4m以上 ,但在实际生产中 ,绝大多数油厂的存料箱存不住料 ,起不到料封作用。提出了一种切实可行的方案用来代替存料箱生产工艺 ,它的封闭效果大大优于存料箱。     

加料机料液温度控制系统的改进与工程应用

为解决目前加料机料筒采用蒸汽加热带来的料液温度控制精度差、料液易焦糊现象,对料液温度控制系统和料筒结构进行改进,采用热水代替蒸汽对料液进行补偿增温和温度控制,以增大料筒换热面积,缩短料液升温时间。结果表明:改进后料液温度可控制在40~50℃(精度±2.0℃),料液加热至设定温度时所用时间减少了30%以上。     

木棉系列絮料的保暖性

木棉是一种天然纤维素纤维,中空度85%以上,非常适合制作保暖材料,但是由于传统木棉絮料的强力低,持久回弹性差,使其用量越来越小,所开发的木棉絮料制作新技术克服了上述缺陷。为进一步探明木棉絮料的综合性能,比较研究了木棉絮料和其他现有絮料的静态热阻和对流散热量,发现木棉絮料的保暖性仅次于羽绒,明显优于四孔、七孔涤纶棉絮料和喷胶棉,与化纤絮料相比木棉纤维将絮料中的空隙分割的很小,使得絮料的对流散热量大幅度降低,而且木棉絮料的传导热阻也明显高于现有化纤絮料。     

提高周期炉退火料架使用寿命的方法

介绍周期炉退火料架的材质、结构、使用寿命和损坏原因。给出提高料架使用寿命的方法:(1)料型较散的料装架时与料架内径尺寸差不可超过料架内径的1/6,料架使用时间超过3 a或750次需进行一次维护性修复。(2)为方便退火后料的脱架,料架4个支撑柱向上需带一定锥度,支撑柱上下部直径差不大于50 mm。(3)料架承重底部尽量减少焊点。(4)底部环形连接圈直径超过750 mm应采用钢管弯制。(5)支撑柱上部增加加强筋。(6)装炉时将重的、偏心大的料放在下层。(7)托料盘出现变形、开裂等应及时修复。(8)将重载料架和正常料架区分设计、使用。(9)料架制作后应进行固溶处理。     

木棉絮料的压缩性能测试分析

为提高传统木棉絮料的强度和持久回弹性,拓宽其应用范围,自主开发了一项专利技术,利用纤维堆砌结构提高絮料强力和回弹性。通过测试对比传统木棉絮料和利用专利技术制造的新型木棉絮料的压缩性能,比较不同化学纤维与木棉混合的新型絮料的差异,发现混入合纤后的木棉絮料尽管初始蓬松度没有纯化纤絮料大,柔软性没有纯木棉絮料好,但是新型木棉/合纤混纤絮料的压缩弹性有了明显的提高。     

全封闭带式输送机返料装置返料性能仿真试验研究

为揭示小麦颗粒在全封闭带式输送机返料装置中的运动规律和返料性能,为返料装置的结构优化提供理论指导,开展了全封闭带式输送机返料装置返料性能仿真试验。采用离散元软件EDEM和Hertz-Mindlin颗粒接触模型建立了多球元叠加小麦颗粒模型和返料装置离散元仿真模型,对小麦颗粒群在返料板作用下的运动规律进行研究;以颗粒返回率为评价指标,返料板倾斜角、带速为考察指标进行二因素四水平仿真正交试验。结果表明:颗粒群在返料板的推动作用下呈现4种运动方式;返料板倾斜角是影响评价指标的主要因素,带速是次要因素;返料板倾斜角0°和带速3.5 m/s为最优组合参数,此条件下颗粒返回率为43.76%;较小返料板倾斜角有利于返料板携带走更多的颗粒和减缓改向滚筒底部颗粒堆积;颗粒返回率与带速呈正相关关系,较高带速可以提高颗粒返回率。研究结果揭示了返料装置返料机理以及返料性能的影响规律,可为返料装置的结构优化提供理论指导。     

预浸料性能影响因素分析

预浸料是制备复合材料的重要中间体。由于新鲜的预浸料其性能与老化一段时间的预浸料的性能有较大的差距,实验拟通过溶液法制备碳纤维/酚醛树脂预浸料,然后对其老化处理不同的天数并在每一个老化时间点上采取一定的方法对预浸料的部分性能指标包括:预浸料挥发分含量、预浸料不可溶分含量、预浸料粘性、复合材料制品力学性能以及基体酚醛树脂羟甲基指数等随时间变化的趋势进行监控,得出老化对预浸料性能的影响,从而提出对预浸料有效的质量控制措施。     

门辊涂布涂料配方的研究

本文根据门辊涂布对涂料性能的要求进行了不同胶粘剂和颜料品种、配比及用量的比较。结果表明,适宜胶料和颜料的涂布配方,涂料呈触变性和假塑性,具有优良的保水性和流平性,符合门辊涂布的要求,含50％麦草浆原纸的微涂纸,具有较好的质量。     

公路工程用玻璃纤维土工网

公路工程用玻璃纤维土工网是合成材料之一 ,它主要由直径很细的 E-玻璃纤维和合成粘结剂构成。本文介绍了该土工网的成形、合成粘结剂及其浸涂方法等。     

Evaluation of the effect of mycotoxin binders in animal feed on the analytical performance of standardised methods for the determination of mycotoxins in feed

Recently, the use of substances that can suppress or reduce absorption, promote the excretion of mycotoxins or modify their mode of action in feed, so-called mycotoxin binders, has been officially allowed in the European Union as technological feed additives. The influence of the addition of mycotoxin binders to animal feed on the analytical performance of the official methods for the determination of mycotoxins was studied and the results are presented. Where possible standardised methods for analysis were applied. Samples of 20 commercial mycotoxin binders were collected from various companies. The following mycotoxins were included in the study: aflatoxin B₁, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, fumonisins B₁ and B₂, T-2 and HT-2 toxins. A binder (or binders combined in a group) was mixed with feed material containing the mycotoxin, and the feed material was analysed. For data evaluation, the mean values were compared by Student's t-test (an independent two-sample t-test with unequal sample sizes and equal variance). The repeatability standard deviation of each method was used as an estimate of method variability. No significant differences (p?=?0.05) in mycotoxin levels between binder-free material and the material containing different binders were found. Further, the possible effects of binder addition in combination with processing (pelletising) on the amount of aflatoxin B₁ determined in feed were studied. Three commercial mycotoxin binders containing hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) as the main component were used in these experiments. Feed samples with and without mycotoxin binders were pelletised with and without steam treatment. After pelletising, materials were analysed for AFB₁. Only the combination pelletising and a mixture of binders added at a total level of 1.2% had a significant effect (41% reduction) on the amount of AFB₁ determined.     

拔染印花免蒸节能技术

对短流程拔染印花技术中各种印花糊料的流变学特性和抱水性，及其与各类涂料印花粘合剂的相容性进行了分析测试，优选了粘合剂和添加剂，通过测试各项印花指标，研究开发了节能节水免蒸拔印印花工艺技术。     

Color and Its Stability in Restructured Beef Steaks during Frozen Storage: Effects of Various Binders

Color and its stability were evaluated in restructured steaks made with various binders (calcium alginate, crude myosin extract, whey protein concentrate, wheat gluten, soy isolate or surimi) vs controls (intact ribeye muscle, restructured steaks with no additives or with NaCl and sodium tripolyphosphate). Steaks made with various binders showed similar effects on initial surface metmyoglobin concentration and sensory color attributes, except steaks made with calcium alginate or soy isolate protein. During 12-wk frozen storage, steaks made with various binders (except soy protein isolate) had similar color stabilities.     

Effect of Different Binders on the Physico-Chemical, Textural, Histological, and Sensory Qualities of Retort Pouched Buffalo Meat Nuggets

ABSTRACT: The functional properties of 4 binders, namely corn starch, wheat semolina, wheat flour, and tapioca starches, were evaluated to improve the quality of buffalo meat nuggets processed in retort pouches at F₀ 12.13. Incorporation of corn starch in buffalo meat nuggets produced more stable emulsion than other binders used. Product yield, drip loss, and pH did not vary significantly between the products with different binders. Shear force value was significantly higher for product with corn starch (0.42 ± 0.0 Kg/cm³) followed by refined wheat flour (0.36 ± 0.010 Kg/cm³), tapioca starch (0.32 ± 0.010 Kg/cm³), and wheat semolina (0.32 ± 0.010 Kg/cm³). Type of binder used had no significant effect on frying loss, moisture, and protein content of the product. However, fat content was higher in products with corn starch when compared to products with other binders. Texture profile indicated that products made with corn starch (22.17 ± 2.55 N) and refined wheat flour (21.50 ± 0.75 N) contributed firmer texture to the product. Corn starch contributed greater chewiness (83.8 ± 12.51) to the products resulting in higher sensory scores for texture and overall acceptability. Products containing corn starch showed higher sensory scores for all attributes in comparison to products with other binders. Panelists preferred products containing different binders in the order of corn starch (7.23 ± 0.09) > refined wheat flour (6.48 ± 0.13) > tapioca starch (6.45 ± 0.14) > wheat semolina (6.35 ± 0.13) based on sensory scores. Histological studies indicated that products with corn starch showed dense protein matrix, uniform fat globules, and less number of vacuoles when compared to products made with other binders. The results indicated that corn flour is the better cereal binder for developing buffalo meat nuggets when compared to all other binders based on physico-chemical and sensory attributes.     

NONMEAT BINDERS FOR USE IN COOK-IN-BAG AND SMOKED HAM

USDA approved nonmeat binders were evaluated in boneless smoked and cook-in-bag hams. These samples were formulated to contain 38% (finished weight) of the following added ingredients: water, salt, sugar, polyphosphate, sodium erythorbate, sodium nitrite and nonmeat binder [food starch-modified (2%), sodium caseinate (2%), isolated soy protein (2%), or carrageenan (1.5%)]. All binders increased cook yield (P < 0.05) for cook-in-bag hams with carrageenan having the largest increase. Only sodium caseinate gave a significant increase in cook yield for smoked hams. Sodium caseinate and carrageenan effectively reduced purge in vacuum packaged ham slices. Shear force of ham cores was reduced by all of the binders except food starch-modified. No differences in tenderness, juiciness and texture were observed. Use of isolated soy protein resulted in reduced flavor and overall opinion scores for cook-in-bag hams. These results suggest that nonmeat binders can be used to improve cook yield and reduce fluid purge in cook-in-bag ham.     

单一胶粘剂对涂料流变性的影响

对常用的氧化淀粉、羧基丁苯胶乳和聚乙烯醇在不同的添加量情况下配成的涂料进行了系统的研究,结果表明涂料都呈剪切稀化特性,通过对实验结果进行多次分析,认为用修改的幂律方程表达很理想。     

Characterization of hydrocarbon emissions from green sand foundry core binders by analytical pyrolysis

Analytical pyrolysis was conducted to study a relative comparison of the hydrocarbon and greenhouse gas emissions of three foundry sand binders as follows: (a) conventional phenolic urethane resin, (b) biodiesel phenolic urethane resin, and (c) collagen-based binder. These binders are used in the metal casting industry for making cores that are used to create internal cavities within castings. In this study, the core samples were flash pyrolyzed in a Curie-point pyrolyzer at 920 degrees C with a heating rate of about 3000 degrees C/sec. This simulated some key features of the fast heating conditions that the core binders would experience at the metal-core interface when molten metal is poured into green sand molds. The core samples were also pyrolyzed in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) from ambient temperature to 1000 degrees C with a heating rate of 30 degrees C/min, and this simulated key features of the slow heating conditions that the core binders would experience at distances that are further away from the metal-core interface during casting cooling. Hydrocarbon emissions from flash pyrolysis were analyzed with a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector, while hydrocarbon and greenhouse gas (CO and CO2) emissions from TGA pyrolysis were monitored with mass spectrometry. The prominent hazardous air pollutant emissions during pyrolysis of the three binders were phenol, cresols, benzene, and toluene for the conventional phenolic urethane resin and biodiesel resin, and they were benzene and toluene for the collagen-based binder. It was also found that volatile organic compound and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions considerably decreased in order from conventional phenolic urethane resin to biodiesel resin to collagen-based binder. These results have shown some similarity with those for stack emission testing conducted at demonstration scale and/or full-scale foundries, and the similar trends in the two sets of results offered promise that bench-scale analytical pyrolysis techniques could be a useful screening tool for the foundries to compare the relative emissions of alternative core binders and to choose proper materials in order to comply with air-emission regulations.     

TEXTURAL PROPERTIES OF RESTRUCTURED BEEF PRODUCTS WITH FIVE BINDERS AT FOUR ISOTHERMAL TEMPERATURES1

Texture profile analysis (TPA) and shear force of restructured beef products with one of five binders (isolated soy protein, sodium caseinate, waxy modified corn starch, carrageenan, and oat flour) were analyzed at 35, 45, 55 and 65 C. Hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness were significantly affected (p<0.05) by binders, temperatures and their interactions. Hardness and gumminess showed no significant (p<0.05) differences among binders and temperatures below 45C, but each increased between 45 – 65C. Isolated soy protein gave the highest hardness and gumminess values; oat flour, the lowest at 55 and 65C. Except for oat flour, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness decreased from the raw state until 45C, and then increased. Oat flour gave the highest values for cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness < 45C; the lowest at 55 and 65C. Oat flour gave the lowest shear force (N) values at 55 and 65C. Conclusions were reached that the influence of these binders on the textural parameters of restructured beef products was temperature-dependent.