热处理对GWZK94合金微观组织与力学性能的影响

为了改善铸态GWZK94合金微观组织的不均匀性,使用电阻加热炉在温度505-520 ℃范围内保温8-20 h进行热处理实验。本文采用光学显微镜（OM）,差示扫描量热仪（DSC）,X射线衍射仪（XRD）,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,能谱仪（EDS）,电子背散射衍射技术（EBSD）,万能试验机和维氏硬度计进行微观组织演变及力学性能分析。铸态合金组织主要包括树枝状α-Mg基体,包含亚稳态层错（SFs）的片层结构,共晶相Mg24(Gd, Y, Zn)5,块状长周期有序堆垛结构(LPSO, Mg12(Gd, Y) Zn)和少量的富稀土相。在均匀化处理过程中,片层结构和共晶相Mg24(Gd, Y, Zn)5逐渐溶于基体中,同时块状LPSO相体积分数逐渐减小并伴随有片层状LPSO相像晶粒内部生长,颗粒状相在晶界附近析出。加热温度为520 ℃时出现复熔三角晶界,说明此时发生了合金的过烧现象。经过均匀化处理后,合金的极限抗拉强度（UTS）和合金屈服强度（TYS）表现出了与组织演变规律相同的变化趋势,同属得到了较为均匀的硬度分布情况。最佳的均匀化制度为515 ℃/16 h.     

Ni含量对长周期堆垛结构增强Mg-Ni-Y合金组织与性能的影响

采用传统重力铸造制备Mg-Ni-Y合金并研究了Ni含量对合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,Mg-0.5Ni-3.5Y合金组织由α-Mg和Mg24Y5两相组成;Mg-1.2Ni-3.5Y合金中Mg24Y5相消失,形成了层片状长周期堆垛有序(LPSO)相;Mg-1.9Ni-3.5Y和Mg-3.5Ni-3.5Y合金中除含有α-Mg和LPSO相外,在晶界处还存在共晶组织。LPSO相可以提高合金的强度,具有大量细小致密层片状LPSO相的Mg-1.2Ni-3.5Y合金综合力学性能最优,铸态抗拉强度及伸长率可分别达到210 MPa和8.8%。     

热处理对GWZK94合金微观组织与力学性能的影响（英文）

为了改善铸态GWZK94合金微观组织的不均匀性,使用电阻加热炉在温度505～520℃范围内保温8～20 h进行热处理实验。采用光学显微镜(OM),差示扫描量热仪(DSC),X射线衍射仪(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),能谱仪(EDS),电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD),万能试验机和维氏硬度计进行微观组织演变及力学性能分析。结果表明,铸态合金组织主要包括树枝状α-Mg基体,含亚稳态层错(SFs)的片层结构,共晶相Mg_(24)(Gd, Y, Zn)5,块状长周期有序堆垛结构(LPSO, Mg_(12)(Gd, Y)Zn)和少量的富稀土相。在均匀化处理过程中,片层结构和共晶相Mg_(24)(Gd, Y, Zn)5逐渐溶于基体中,同时块状LPSO相体积分数逐渐减小并伴随有片层状LPSO相向晶粒内部生长,颗粒状相在晶界附近析出。加热温度为520℃时出现复熔三角晶界,说明此时发生了合金的过烧现象。经过均匀化处理后,合金的极限抗拉强度(UTS)和拉伸屈服强度(TYS)表现出了与组织演变规律相同的变化趋势,同时得到了较为均匀的硬度分布。最佳的均匀化制度为515℃/16 h。     

510℃均匀化对Mg-5Gd-3Y-2Nd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr合金微观组织的影响

采用OM、SEM和XRD对Mg-5Gd-3Y-2Nd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr合金铸态和510℃均匀化处理过程中的微观组织变化进行了系统研究。结果表明:铸态合金的微观组织主要由α-Mg基体、晶界上灰黑色的不规则块状相、灰白色的骨骼状相和晶界附近细小的针状LPSO相组成;铸态合金的相结构为α-Mg、Mg3(RE,Zn)和Mg5(RE,Zn);510℃均匀化处理过程中,不但晶界上的共晶组织发生回溶,而且晶界附近的细小针状LPSO相也发生了回溶。均匀化处理48 h后,晶界上仍然存在少量共晶组织。     

均匀化处理对Mg-9.8Gd-3.5Y-2Zn-0.5Zr合金微观组织的影响

采用DSC、SEM、EDS、OM等检测方法研究了Mg-9.8Gd-3.5Y-2Zn-0.5Zr合金铸锭在505~535 ℃均匀化处理0~84 h后的组织演变规律。结果表明,铸态组织呈枝晶状,第二相含量为19.86%,晶间第二相主要由白色点状共晶相和块状LPSO相组成,晶内第二相为少量针状LPSO相、花瓣状Zr团簇相和方形富稀土相。均匀化处理后的LPSO相形貌为晶间块状和晶内片层状两种。晶内片层状LPSO相的含量受均匀化温度和均匀化时间的影响。在505~525 ℃下,晶内片层状LPSO相随均匀化温度的升高,生长速度加快,数量增多。在相同均匀化温度下延长保温时间,晶内片层状LPSO相沿晶界向基体内部析出,贯穿晶粒后开始粗化。535 ℃下晶间块状LPSO相转变为W相,晶内片层状LPSO相溶解进入基体。晶间LPSO相对晶界迁移起钉扎作用,在505~525 ℃均匀化,随着保温时间的延长,晶粒长大幅度并不明显。在535 ℃均匀化,晶间LPSO相大量溶解,晶粒开始急剧长大。     

LPSO相对多向锻造过程中Mg_(96)Zn_1Gd_3镁合金再结晶行为的影响

采用均匀化炉冷与均匀化水冷两种热处理工艺,获取了含与不含长周期堆垛结构(LPSO)相的两种初始态Mg_(96)Zn_1Gd_3合金,探究了LPSO相对合金多向锻造变形过程中动态再结晶行为的影响。结果表明,随着变形道次的增加,两种合金中的再结晶体积分数逐渐增大、晶粒尺寸显著细化。在相同道次变形条件下,相比于不含LPSO相的合金变形组织,含LPSO相的合金变形后组织再结晶体积分数更高,LPSO相的存在促进了合金的动态再结晶。     

GZ121和GWZ1241的显微组织和相组成研究

通过光学显微镜（OM）、电子显微镜（SEM和TEM）研究了两种变形镁合金GZ121（Mg-12Gd-1Zn-0．5Zr）和GWZ1241（Mg-12Gd-4Y-1Zn-0．5Zr）的显微组织和相组成。结果表明：GZ121的铸态显微组织由α-Mg晶粒和沿晶界网状连续分布的粗大、发达的树枝状共晶相组成。而GWZ1241的铸态显微组织由α-Mg晶粒和沿晶界不连续分布的细小、均匀的共晶相和两种非平衡相组成。Y的加入显著细化共晶组织。结合SEM-EDS和TEM-EDS分析可发现，GZ121合金组织的共晶相为Mg5（Zn0．5Gd0．5），而GWZ1241合金的共晶相为Mg5（Zn0.5Gd0.4Y0.1）。并且在GWZ1241合金的显微组织还发现两种非平衡相，即片状的MgGdZn5和块状的Mg3（Gd0．5，Y0.5）相。     

球化处理对AZ80镁合金析出相β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)及力学性能的影响

采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、光镜(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、布氏硬度及拉伸实验等方法研究了球化处理对AZ80析出相β-Mg17Al12及力学性能的影响。结果表明:铸态AZ80合金经过415℃保温24 h随炉缓冷的退火处理后,晶间粗大的网状共晶β相消失,得到细小层片状脱溶β相均匀分布于α-Mg基体的平衡组织,且片层状间距致密。球化处理中,层片状β相以自身溶断方式实现球化;经300℃球化处理后镁基体上弥散分布大量细小颗粒状β相,继续升温,颗粒状β相发生二次固溶,数量减少。球化处理后合金的屈服强度、抗拉强度最大达135.4 MPa和258.7 MPa,较铸态合金分别提高了19.1%和59.6%,伸长率由铸态的4.96%上升至9.88%。布氏硬度HB随球化温度的升高呈现先增高后降低的变化规律,且均高于铸态合金。     

Mg含量对Al-Zn-Mg铝合金组织及性能的影响

通过改变镁的含量,设计了4种不同成分的Al-6.0Zn-xMg合金。采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、差式扫描量热分析仪(DSC)、硬度、导电率以及室温拉伸等分析测试方法,研究了Mg含量对Al-Zn-Mg合金铸态、均匀化态组织性能及T6态力学性能的影响。结果表明:4种铸态合金组织晶界附近存在大量共晶网状结构与链状第二相,主要为α(Al)+三元T(AlZnMg)相,合金中还存在少量的Al₃(Zr,Ti)相和富铁相,提高Mg含量会使合金组织中的非平衡共晶相增加。合金均匀化处理后空冷,基体内有大量细小弥散的针状η(MgZn₂)相析出,且随着Mg含量的提高,这种针状η(MgZn₂)相的析出数量也逐渐增多。随着Mg含量增加,硬度逐渐增加,导电率逐渐下降,且均匀化态合金的硬度及导电率比铸态的高。4种T6态合金中Al-6.0Zn-2Mg合金的综合力学性能最佳。     

球化温度对AZ91HP镁合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

通过场发射扫描电子显微镜及能谱分析、光学显微镜、X射线衍射分析、室温拉伸试验及布氏硬度测试等手段研究了球化温度对AZ91HP镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,退火处理后,铸态AZ91HP合金组织中粗大离散的共晶相消失,在其后的随炉缓冷过程中以层片状形式弥散,均匀分布于α-Mg基体;球化过程中,层片状β-Mg_(17)_Al_(12)相自身溶断;球化温度在300℃时球化效果最好;硬度值随球化温度的升高先缓慢上升后下降,且高于铸态合金;经300℃保温20 h球化处理后,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度达到最大值242.7、132.6 MPa,分别比铸态合金提高了21.78%、28.86%,伸长率较铸态提高了57.47%。     

Influence of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-10Gd-3Y-1.2Zn-0.4Zr alloy

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the cast Mg-10Gd-3Y-1.2Zn-0.4Zr(mass fraction,%) alloy during annealing at 798 K for different time were investigated.In the as-cast state,the microstructure consists ofα-Mg,Mg_5(Gd,Y,Zn) eutectic compounds and stacking faults(SF) of basal plane distributed from grain boundary to inner grain.During heat treatment at 798 K,the SF and parts of eutectic compounds dissolve into the matrix gradually,simultaneously,a new straight lamellar phase with 14H typ...     

均匀化处理对Al-Cu-Mg合金组织和性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、差热分析、硬度测试和拉伸测试等方法研究了均匀化处理对Al-4.5Cu-0.8Mg合金的组织和性能的影响。结果表明:Al-4.5Cu-0.8Mg铸态组织中存在较严重的枝晶偏析现象,晶界及晶界交汇处有大量Al2Cu相及Al2Cu和Al2CuMg的共晶相,合金经480℃×12 h均匀化处理后,组织中的非平衡相已基本溶解,综合力学性能较好,抗拉强度为320 MPa,屈服强度为246 MPa,伸长率为10.2%,硬度为139.2 HV。     

热轧和退火对Au-20Sn合金箔材组织和性能的影响

采用热轧方法制备了Au-20Sn合金箔材,研究轧制和退火处理对合金箔材微观组织和硬度的影响。结果表明,铸态Au-20Sn合金组织由枝晶状Au5Sn初生相及交替生长形成的片层状共晶组织组成。铸态合金经热轧后发生了动态再结晶,粗大的片层状共晶组织转变为沿轧制方向拉长的两相组织。经退火处理,合金热轧组织逐渐转变为均匀的等轴状。随退火时间和退火温度的增加,合金硬度逐渐降低。经合适条件退火,能够提高箔材变形性能,避免冲压焊片过程中产生边部的裂纹缺陷。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of a compound reinforced Mg95Y2.5Zn2.5 alloy with long period stacking ordered phase and W phase

The microstructure evolution of Mg100-2xYxZnx(x=2, 2.5, 3, 3.5) alloys was investigated. Results show that the Mg100-2xYxZnx alloys are composed of α-Mg, long period stacking ordered(LPSO) phase and eutectic structure phase(W phase), and the Mg95Y2.5Zn2.5 alloy has the best comprehensive mechanical properties. Subsequently, the microstructure evolution of the optimized alloy Mg95Y2.5Zn2.5 during solidification and heat treatment processes was analyzed and discussed by means of OM, SEM, TEM, XRD and DTA. After heat treatment, the lamellar phase 14H-LPSO precipitated in α-Mg and W phase transforms into particle phase(MgYZn2). Due to the compound reinforcement effect of the particle phase and LPSO phase(18R+14H), the mechanical properties of the alloy are enhanced. The tensile strength and elongation of the Mg95Y2.5Zn2.5 alloy is improved by 9.1% and 31.3% to 215 MPa and 10.5%, respectively, after solid-solution treatment.     

Effect of long-period stacking ordered phase on mechanical properties of Mg97Zn1Y2 extruded alloy

The mechanical properties of Mg97Zn1Y2 extruded alloy, composed of Mg matrix phase and a long-period stacking ordered phase, the so-called LPSO phase, with a volume fraction of approximately 24%, were investigated using compression tests at room temperature. The microstructure was varied to a large degree by various heat treatments at high temperatures above 400 °C, and the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties was clarified. The plastic behavior of the Mg/LPSO two-phase alloy was compared with that of Mg99.2Zn0.2Y0.6 alloy, composed almost Mg-solid-solution phase, and the strengthening mechanisms at work in the Mg97Zn1Y2 extruded alloy are discussed. The existence of the LPSO phase strongly enhanced the refinement of Mg matrix grains during extrusion, which led to a large increase in yield stress through the Hall–Petch relationship. In addition, the LPSO phases, which were aligned along the direction of extrusion in the Mg97Zn1Y2 extruded alloy, acted as hardening phases, being roughly coordinated with the short-fiber reinforcement mechanism.     

Aging kinetics of 14H-LPSO precipitates in Mg-Zn-Y alloy

Alloys with long-period stacking ordered structures(LPSO)have good properties and are highly regarded.Mg-Zn-Y alloy containing LPSO phase was prepared by the traditional casting method,and the aging heat treatment was performed at different temperatures and times.The microstructure and phase constitutions of the alloy were observed by means of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods.Results show the microstructure of as-cast Mg95.5Zn1.5Y3 mainly consists ofα-Mg,W phases and LPSO phases.During the aging treatment,fine lamellar-shaped 14H-LPSO phase is formed at the grain boundaries and precipitates from the supersaturated magnesium matrix,and the volume fraction increases as the aging time increases.By controlling the aging time,Mg-Zn-Y alloys with different volume fractions of 14H-LPSO phase were prepared.The aging kinetics equation of the 14H-LPSO phase is summarized,that is f=1-exp(-0.2705 t 0.6368).The phase transformation mechanism of 14H-LPSO in Mg95.5Zn1.5Y3 alloy can be described as the change of dislocation energy.     

Plastic deformation behavior of Mg97Zn1Y2 extruded alloys

The mechanical properties of the Mg97ZnlY2 extruded alloy containing the long-period stacking ordered phase, the so-called LPSO-phase, with a volume fraction of 24%-25%, were examined by compression tests and cyclic tension-compression deformation tests. The plastic behavior of the extruded alloys with compositions of Mg99.2Zn0.2Y0.6 and Mg89Zn4Y7 （molar fraction, %）, which were almost the same compositions of Mg matrix phase and LPSO phase in Mg97Zn1Y2 Mg/LPSO two-phase alloy, respectively, were also prepared. By comparing their mechanical properties, the strengthening mechanisms operating in the Mg97Zn1 Y2 extruded alloy were discussed. Existence of the LPSO-phase strongly enhanced the refinement of Mg matrix grain size during extrusion, which led to a large increment of the strength of alloy. In addition, the LPSO-phases, which were aligned along the extrusion direction in Mg97Zn1Y2 extruded alloy, acted as hardening phases, just like reinforced fibers.     

Zn含量对Mg-Gd-Zn合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

研究了3种成分的Mg-11Gd-(1,1.5,2)Zn合金的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,合金的铸态显微组织均由α-Mg基体、(Mg,Zn)3Gd共晶相和14H型LPSO相组成。铸态组织中(Mg,Zn)3Gd相的体积分数随Zn含量的增加而增大,且其热稳定性不断提高。同时,合金中LPSO相的体积分数也随Zn含量的增加而逐渐增大。合金在常温时的抗拉强度随着Zn含量的增加而降低,其中Zn含量较少的Mg-11Gd-1Zn合金在T6处理后呈现最高的强度和良好的塑性。当Zn含量较多时,合金T6处理的效果却远低于T5处理。随Zn含量的增加,合金在200℃高温下的抗蠕变性能也略有下降,但3种合金的抗蠕变性能都优于WE54合金。     

固溶处理冷却介质温度对Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr合金时效组织及硬度的影响

以高稀土含量Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr镁合金为研究对象,利用SEM、EBSD和硬度等测试方法,研究不同固溶处理参数下,固溶处理冷却介质温度对合金时效组织和硬度的影响规律。试验结果表明,合金在520 ℃×24 h固溶处理条件下,其冷却介质温度对硬度及组织的影响最为显著,随着固溶冷却介质温度降低,硬度值逐渐增大。同时,固溶冷却介质温度越低,点状Mg₅(Gd,Y)相和片层相在时效中析出的数量越多。当固溶冷却介质温度较高时,时效过程中则以针状Mg₅(Gd,Y)相析出为主且层错相析出较少。此外,由于在低温或短时固溶处理下,合金的晶粒尺寸变化较小,在后续时效过程中细晶强化作用高于析出强化,所以合金的固溶冷却介质温度对时效组织及硬度影响较弱。