基于灰色系统理论的多属性群决策专家权重的调整算法

研究多属性群决策中专家权重的调整问题.在得到专家主观权重的基础上,提出一种权重调整算法.通过计算专家个体决策结果与群体决策结果的灰色关联度并结合初始权重求得专家的综合权重,运用专家的综合权重计算调整后的决策结果,并据此继续对权重进行调整,直至计算出稳定的权重和决策结果.通过对嵌入式计算机的性能评价表明了该方法的可行性与实用性.     

轨道交通车站乘客集散系统Anylogic仿真优化

为了研究地铁轨道交通车站站台乘客行为的特殊性对地铁轨道交通车站设施设备布局的影响,本文运用基于社会力模型算法的Anylogic动态仿真软件构建了面向复杂交织乘客行人流的地铁轨道交通站台场景模型。以某市地铁轨道交通车站为例对该模型进行了校核与验证,针对地铁车站内的设施设备布局的缺陷提出了优化改进措施。实证研究表明:优化后的地铁轨道交通站台场景模型,能够科学合理地阐述客流组织与地铁轨道交通之间的动态关系,同时对其他地铁轨道交通车站的规划设计与运营具有重要的借鉴与指导意义。     

Technology-assisted learning: a longitudinal field study of knowledge category, learning effectiveness and satisfaction in language learning

Abstract   A field experiment compares the effectiveness and satisfaction associated with technology-assisted learning with that of face-to-face learning. The empirical evidence suggests that technology-assisted learning effectiveness depends on the target knowledge category. Building on Kolb's experiential learning model, we show that technology-assisted learning improves students' acquisition of knowledge that demands abstract conceptualization and reflective observation but adversely affects their ability to obtain knowledge that requires concrete experience. Technology-assisted learning better supports vocabulary learning than face-to-face learning but is comparatively less effective in developing listening comprehension skills. In addition, according to empirical tests, perceived ease of learning and learning community support significantly predict both perceived learning effectiveness and learning satisfaction. Overall, the results support our hypotheses and research model and suggest instructors should consider the target knowledge when considering technology-assisted learning options or designing a Web-based course. In addition, a supportive learning community can make technology-assisted learning easier for students and increase their learning satisfaction.     

社会网络环境下基于公众行为大数据属性挖掘的大群体应急决策方法及应用

针对社会网络环境下复杂大群体应急决策中决策属性信息难以获得问题,提出社会网络环境下公众行为大数据驱动的大群体应急决策方法.首先,通过挖掘社交平台上的公众行为大数据,利用TF-IDF、Word2vec技术进行关键词提取、聚类及其影响力分析,从大量行为数据中挖掘大群体决策属性信息以辅助专家决策,使决策结果具有更高的科学性和有效性;其次,构建决策者间基于信任关系和观点相似度的社会网络,采用同时考虑信任和相似度的聚类方法对决策者进行聚类,并基于社会网络分析获得决策者权重;然后,提出基于决策者间信任关系的共识调整方法进行共识调整以获得最终群体决策矩阵和方案排序,通过引入决策者客观自信度避免个别决策者过分自信行为的影响;最后,通过一个新冠疫情案例分析说明方法的可行性和有效性.     

Efficiency,effectiveness, and impacts assessment in the rail transport sector: a state‐of‐the‐art critical analysis of current research

This paper aims at being a comprehensive reference for stakeholders, policy makers, and scholars interested in analyzing the problem of efficiency, effectiveness, and impacts of rail transport systems in a sound empirical way, paying specific attention to passenger transport services. The paper combines different analytical frameworks (engineering, economics, impacts), systematic review techniques, and advanced mappings. Framing economic efficiency studies into a transport planning perspective permits to move from efficiency to effectiveness issues. In addition, including impacts offers a critical discussion of the existing empirical studies, relating them to the main methodological approaches used. This analysis can be useful for those interested in developing new techniques for the evaluation of this sector. The critical analysis developed in this paper provides a catalog of inputs, outputs, external factors, possible impacts to account for, data, and approaches, which allows us to identify areas in which new methodological developments, new approaches, are needed to address the relevant societal challenges of the rail transport sector.     

通用氧弹量热数据处理系统的开发与应用

基于氧弹燃烧法原理,利用Matlab可视化编程技术,开发了通用氧弹量热数据处理系统。系统不仅适用于有机物燃烧热数据处理,还可广泛用于化合物分解焓以及诸如煤、焦炭、污泥、生活垃圾、建筑材料、饲料、水泥黑生料等复杂样品的发热量测定数据分析。通过对测定数据选取优化数学模型,采用最小二乘法进行曲线拟合,能比较精确地计算出反应过程中的温度变化和测试结果,并且在屏幕上直观地显示出雷诺校正曲线图。在文中也列出了氧弹量热数据处理Matlab实用程序。系统对进一步开拓氧弹量热技术的应用领域,解决热力学数据应用的实际问题具有参考价值。     

Requirements analysis for customization using subgroup differences and large sample user testing: A case study of information retrieval on handheld devices in healthcare

Requirements analysis defines the goals and evaluation criteria of system design. We introduce a methodology for requirements analysis for customization based on large sample interactive testing, with the premise that analysis of user behaviour with prototypes leads to requirements discoveries. The methodology uses a relatively large sample (1) to identify relevant user subgroups, (2) to observe significant empirically determined group differences in the context of task and tool use and (3) to estimate the groups’ different requirements and derive design implications. Between 20 and 50 participants are used per test, rather than the three to five often recommended for user testing. Statistical relationships are investigated between subgroups in terms of background variables, questionnaire items, performance data, and coded verbal statements. Customization requirements are inferred from the significant differences observed between empirically determined groups. The methodological framework is illustrated in a case study involving the use of clinical resources on handheld devices by three groups of physicians. The groups were found to have different needs and preferences for evidence-based resources and device form factor, implying opportunities and necessities for group customization requirements.

Relevance to industry

In safety-critical domains such as health care, it is essential to assess user needs and preferences regarding devices and systems to inform appropriate customizations. We present a methodological framework and case study that demonstrates how large sample user testing can supplement typical methods of requirements analysis to provide contextualized, quantitative accounts of group differences and customization requirements.     

New control strategies for utilizing power system networks more effectively: The state of the art and the future trends based on a synthesis of the work in the cigre study committee 38

CIGRÉ Study Committee 38 deals with power system analysis and techniques. This paper gives the current status of the work in relation to making networks more effective. New equipment and new principles for system control are mentioned, as well as new concepts for investigating system reliability. The purpose is to define strategies for making networks more effective in the future.