新时期大学校园规划的生态化、人文化、社会化问题——以华中农业大学国际工商学院校园规划为例

随着我国高校建设的逐步发展,校园规划也进入新的阶段,以往的规划理念已经不能满足新的发展建设要求.华中农业大学国际工商学院校园规划从生态环境保护和利用,校园功能结构布局、校园外部空间设计等方面,探讨大学校园规划中的生态化、人文化、社会化问题.     

金华有座彩虹桥

6月23日,我写了一首题为《彩虹桥传奇》的诗,有几句是这样的: 水洗般干净的蓝天/君不见,婺州飞架着/又高又长的彩虹桥/在金华琐园/一位金发碧眼/高个子洋姑娘款款地/走过来,走过来/雪白的大帐篷餐厅里/我们不期而遇/相对而坐/用筷子夹菜/用华语交谈…… 她叫马芮娜,是保加利亚索非亚技术大学建筑学的女博士,现在北京理工大学研修,来到金华,参加世界名校走进金华古村落活动.一个豆蔻年华的外籍女子,一个古稀之年的浙中老者,在餐桌边偶然相识,也属奇遇.她是未来的建筑师,而我,则已从事设计规划几十年,是中国的老建筑师,我们是同行,自然备感亲切,话语颇多,很是投机.     

周维权先生追思会

清华大学建筑学院教授、著名风景园林学家周维权先生因病于2007年5月13日逝世,享年80岁。周维权先生的追思会于2008年1月15日在清华大学举行。中国风景园林学会、清华大学建筑学院、北京大学、北京林业大学等单位的专家学者周干峙、吴良镛、关肇邺、李道增、陈晓丽、谢凝高、王秉洛、刘家麒、陈有民、杨赉丽、王向荣、杜尔琪、刘小石、金柏苓、何凤臣、段传极、左川、朱自煊、秦佑国、楼庆西、薛恩伦、吴焕加、陈志华、高亦兰、郑光中、罗森、姚同珍、童林旭、孙凤歧、杨锐、朱育帆、刘海龙及周先生家属周晓吟等40多人出席了追思会。     

浅析铁路客站的新发展

随着城市的不断扩展,原来位于城市边缘的火车站已经成为城市中心区的一部分,成为城市中重要的城市节点.火车作为交通工具,也在经历了最初的辉煌和上世纪60年代汽车和飞机冲击下的没落之后重新得到肯定.新时代的火车站成为新的城市发展的标志性建筑.     

Treatment design of geological defects in dam foundation of Jinping I hydropower station

Jinping I hydropower station is one of the most challenging projects in China due to its highest arch dam and complex geological conditions for construction.After geological investigation into the dam foundation,a few large-scale weak discontinuities are observed.The rock masses in the left dam foundation are intensively unloaded,approximately to the depth of 150–300 m.These serious geological defects lead to a geological asymmetry on the left and right banks,and thus some major diffculties of dam construction are encountered.In this paper,the influences of geological defects on the project are analyzed,followed by the concepts and methods of treatment design.Based on the analysis,the treatment methods of the weak rock masses and discontinuities are carefully determined,including the concrete cushion,concrete replacement grids,and consolidation grouting.They work together to enhance the strength and integrity of the dam foundation.Evaluations and calibrations through geo-mechanical model tests in combination with feld monitoring results in early impoundment period show that the arch dam and its foundation are roughly stable,suggesting that the treatment designs are reasonable and effective.The proposed treatment methods and concepts in the context can be helpful for similar complex rock projects.     

《中途岛奇迹》--奇迹与命运不是注定的

2015年是中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年，在这一历史时刻，被称为太平洋战争转折点的中途岛海战再次进入人们的视野。曾在麦克阿瑟手下当过情报部历史科主任的戈登?普兰奇的心血之作《中途岛奇迹》用近50幅美国国家档案馆珍贵照片，10余张罕见作战地图，主要参战人员名单，战斗序列完整列表，精确到分钟的大事记，以史实为基础、人物为导线，完美地还原了太平洋战争中最重要也最惨烈的一次战役。     

“房间-外廊-房间”——书筑共业纪念馆的景观和公共性

<正>一个混凝土盒子隐藏在乳白色的围幕之后,围幕与盒子之间是一部楼梯。仔细观察可以发现这个看上去清新简洁的综合体却别有洞天。楼梯设置在户外,"Jang Hon路"和"Na Ungyu路"两条起点不同的通道环绕着混凝土盒子延伸开来,并最终在屋顶汇合。在那里,可以将四面八方的景色尽收眼底。入口刻意采用了模糊化的处理手法。本以为走进房屋内部终于可以暖和起来,但是要乘坐电梯则又必须再次置身于寒冷的室外。     

王维仁:建筑地景地景建筑

我五十多岁了,现在开始试着把一些关键词放在一起看,比如“院落”、“四合院”、“花园”.四合院是“建筑”,花园属于“景观”、园景建筑的范畴,是在“城市”或者“乡村”中形成的聚落,或者从更大的范围说,它是“人居”和“自然”的关系. 石涛的山水画讲的是老庄以及之后的文人传统中,人在自然环境中的状态.紫禁城里面的东西二宫围合的是树、土地、天空,有阳光照进来,其实是在城市里围出一个自然.庄园是中国另一种居住传统,如果有大片的自然,就是园林.     

事业合伙人?

最近,事业合伙人这个概念很时尚.引入这个概念的,既有地产公司,也有设计公司;既有创业的,也有改制的. 事业合伙人一词大约是在2013年热映的电影《中国合伙人》之后开始流行的.显然,事业合伙人是由"事业"和"合伙人"两个词组合而成.我在《白话设计公司战略》中也有一章介绍"有限公司合伙制"的顶层机制. 何为事业?孔子曰:"举而措之天下之民,谓之事业."文言文有点难懂,那就参照一个简单点的定义吧.百度百科:事业是指人们所从事的,具有一定目标、规模和系统的对社会发展有影响的经常活动.     

城市融于自然

城市向何处去?未来的城市将呈现出什么样的面貌?我们怀着未知的心里,不安地看着某些国家的城市发展,高速公路,立体交叉高架桥,如流的汽车,穿梭的人流,林立的摩天大楼仿佛在向人们     

Untersuchungen zur Genauigkeit von magnetisch induktiven Betondeckungsmessungen

Assessment of the accuracy of concrete cover measurements using Eddy Current devices The use of non‐destructive testing in civil‐engineering (NDT‐CE) is well established to assess as‐built drawings for existing structures as well as for quality assurance of new buildings or in case of concrete repair. To gain reliable results the choice of the appropriate testing method in combination with the correct data assessment is essential. Hence this article starts with the basics of the two typical testing methods for concrete cover measurement with high precision. Methods based on Eddy Current and based on Radar are different. The strengths and limitations of both methods are presented. In the second part the achievable accuracy of concrete cover measurements using Eddy Current will be assessed for the most important parameters that have been varied in a wide range. It is shown how results are influenced by an improper input of the diameter or by the effect of neighbored rebars. At the end of the article it is shown how the deviation of the results can be minimized using the internal neighboring rebar correction of some of the devices. This article does not intend to be a product test rather the influence parameters of measurements close to reality will be identified and quantified how the accuracy of concrete cover measurements is affected.     

The dilution of waste in the wake of a ship

This paper considers the problem of predicting the dilution of waste which has been discharged into the wake of a moving ship. A theoretical model is developed which relates the dispersion of the effluent field to the intensity of the turbulence created by the movement of the vessel. Specifically, the model describes the dependence of the dilution on the speed, dimensions and specific resistance coefficient of the ship.The new theory predicts that the rate of dilution decreases with time after discharge and, as with the empirical IMCO formula, indicates that dilution is more sensitive to the speed of the ship than the volume rate of discharge of waste.     

Zustandsuntersuchung und Instandsetzung am Hauptdach des Hauses der Kulturen der Welt in Berlin

The main roof of the ”Haus der Kulturen der Welt“ in Berlin Which is very well‐known on account of its history and striking structural design – was to be inspected by the author to determine its condition and analysed with regard to the durability of the existing liquid synthetic sealant. The roof structure consists of a biaxial, curved area‐covering structural element with circumferential edge beams of pre‐stressed lightweight concrete. This is the result of the reconstruction between 1984 and 1987 following a partial collapse of the then Berlin Congress Hall in 1980. The very thin roof shell is also made of lightweight concrete and, like the edge beams, has a polyurethane‐based spray‐on seal that was specially developed for this purpose as protection against the ingress of moisture. The reason why this, at the time, novel type of seal was chosen was that it should take into account the fact that the roof design urgently needed some kind of protection against moisture that had to compensate the expected changes shape and crack movements of the roof with no damage. The following article reports on the nature, scope and main results of the analysis of the condition of the roof seal, edge beams and abutments. It will also describe the repair recommendations resulting from the investigations, which form the basis of the execution of work at the present point in time. Apart from presenting the technical principles and special features of the building that have to be taken into account during any repairs, the special features of the execution will also be addressed.     

Untersuchungen der Auswirkungen eines Vollbrands auf eine Sporthalle

Research of Fire Effects on a Gymnasium An arson attack committed in August 2015 on the gymnasium of the Oberstufenzentrum Nauen school facility built in 2007 led to a full fire and to the complete destruction of the hall. The effects of this fire were recorded with measuring technologies as well as through sampling on‐site. In the course of this, the wooden roof structure was particularly examined and demonstrated a residual load‐bearing capacity in spite of the intensive fire exposure and the resulting significant damage. The remaining support structure of the hall was completely recorded by means of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and evaluated in September 2015. Inclinations, cross‐sectional shifts and deformations in the building were able to be calculated with the geodetic measurement method. The results from the laser scanning in combination with the sampling served as a comparison of the theoretical structural evidence with the effects of an actual fire event. In the case of the fire at the Nauen gymnasium, the damage to the load‐bearing capacity was particularly significant in the area of the joining means. The goal of the investigations is a comparison of the technical engineering fire prevention certifications and their theoretical protective effects with the effects of actual fires. This is also a subject of current research projects in the Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, University of Applied Sciences.     

对“建筑”内涵的重新审视与诠释

“建筑”现行内涵的功利与暧昧,是当代建筑粗糙、乏味的主要根源之一.为解决这一问题,首先分析了“architecture”、“营造”与“建筑”三者的内涵.通过将“建筑”与“architecture”及“营造”分别比较,审视了“建筑”的现行内涵;并对其内涵提出了新诠释.     

基于HSS模型隧道近接群桩基础施工影响分析

依托盾构隧道近接侧穿群桩工程建立三维数值分析模型,土体采用小应变硬化(HSS)模型,参数取值借鉴已有研究成果并根据监测位移数据反演,同时考虑土体开挖、衬砌拼装以及盾尾同步注浆等一系列施工工艺措施,并将模拟结果与监测数据进行对比验证,研究了不同工况下地表沉降的形态分布、群桩桩基变形及基桩结构受力,同时考虑地表位移对等代层厚度的敏感性。结果表明:HSS模型能有效预测隧道近接侧穿高架桥桩引起的变形,模拟结果与监测值较吻合; 隧道开挖引起土相对桩产生了滑移,地表沉降及桩身竖向位移在中心线前后各1D(D为管片外径)范围内随推进步数的增加而不断增大,且增加幅度明显减小; 两线推进地表沉降具有叠加效应,最大沉降量增幅达76.8%; 隧道与基桩水平距离越近,引起基桩沉降变化越大,两线推进基桩桩顶沉降增幅达134%; 群桩中各排桩的水平位移变化趋势基本相同,且同排桩的水平位移值相差不大,由于群桩遮挡效应,水平位移值由大到小依次为前排桩、中排桩、后排桩; 桩身水平位移主要在盾构中轴线2.5D范围内,桩身最大水平位移均出现在隧道中轴线附近; 群桩中同排桩桩身附加弯矩及附加轴力沿桩身分布规律相同,桩身最终附加受力与其距离隧道远近有关; 随着注浆充率β的增大,等代层厚度及地表沉降呈线性减小; 穿越段采取的施工工艺方案是有效的,经估算附加弯矩及轴力对桩基承载力的影响在容许范围内。     

采空区隧道二衬受力特性模型试验与耦合分析

由于采空区地层的非连续特征,下穿隧道衬砌往往处在偏心受压的不利状态,后期运营病害相对严重。为了查清不同采空区条件下的衬砌结构受力特性,采用室内物理模型试验和基于连续-非连续耦合数值模拟相结合的方法,开展了相关研究。结果表明:(1)采空区的存在会使二衬结构受到偏压荷载,远离采空区侧总体受力大于近侧,且倾角越大偏压越严重;(2)采煤层厚度、冒落带与初支距离的增大会引起围岩压力的降低,二衬内力减小,安全性提升,当采煤层厚度大于1.8 m时或冒落带与初支间距大于0.8倍隧道洞跨后,采空区对二衬安全性的影响很小;(3)喷层厚度的增加阻碍了围岩变形,引起围岩压力增加,不利于二衬受力和安全性。研究结论对于完善采空区隧道围岩压力计算理论和支护结构设计方法具有理论指导意义。     

论电梯的安全、质量与标准

论述了电梯的特殊性、电梯安全的重要性;分析了政府主管部门、公众和媒体对电梯事故（故障）高度关注的原因;讨论了电梯安全与故障、可靠性的关系,电梯安全标准与安全、质量、运行性能的关系,以及电梯现行标准的性质;界定了安全标准与设计、制造规范的不同及关系;分析了行业及政府主管部门对公众普及电梯知识,客观、冷静地看待电梯故障与安全的重要性;说明了业内专业人员和政府主管部门应引导媒体和公众正确看待作为新型机电运输设备的电梯,认识不同档次电梯产品其质量和可靠性不同的必然性。     

分解建筑:聚集、回忆和整体性的恢复

建筑是其所处社会形态和文化的缩影,因此,对既存建筑适应性改扩建的认识和手法,也会随着社会文化 的发展而不断进化且难免有所反复。本文是关于既有建筑物改造的历史研究,主要关注改造中使用的建筑手法和 新老建筑之间更加紧密的内在联系,而非简单的功能或使用上的变化。通过对集体记忆、身份认同、传统、历史 和文化等主题的阐释,尝试将改造后的建筑与过去建立联系,最终为既存建筑实现一个可持续的未来。     

ÖBB Steyrtalbrücke – Belastungsprobe und Langzeitmessungen

ÖBB Steyrtalbridge – Load test and long term measurements At km 65,621 of the railroad track between Linz and Selzthal the Steyrtalbridge was rebuilt in the years 2013 and 2014. The essential design criterion from the client ÖBB Infrastruktur AG was the endeavor of an optimized bridge under consideration of life‐cylce‐cost, which among other things despite a bridge length of 182 m can be designed without high‐maintenance breather switches. Based on the current standards and certain design flexibilities, which are allowed in the codes special ways and techniques were used to calculate the rail tension. With this results of the rail‐structure‐interaction it was possible to design without breather switches. As consequence of the assumptions in the planning process it was necessary to make comprehensive measurements which shall give information of the real behavior of the bridge and compare them with the assumptions and results of the static calculation. Therefor static and dynamic load test were performed before opening to regular traffic. In addition long term measurements were carried out to evaluate the load‐bearing behavior over time and to confirm the calculation approaches for the verification of the rail‐structure‐interaction. In this article the planning of the monitoringsystem, the implementation and results of the load test and the following long term measurements are illustrated.