P-集合，逆P-集合与信息智能融合-过滤辨识

P-集合(Packet sets)是把动态特性引入到有限普通集合X内,改进有限普通集合X得到的.P-集合是由内P-集合XF(internal packet setXF)与外P-集合XF (outer packet set X,)构成的集合对;或者,(XF,XF)是P-集合.P-集合具有动态性,在一定条件下,P-集合被还原成有限普通集合X.P-集合是一类动态信息系统的数学表示.逆P-集合(inverse packet sets)是由P-集合得到的,具有动态特性,具有与P-集合相反的数学结构.逆P-集合是由内逆P-集合(X)F (internal inverse packet set XF)与外逆P-集合(X)F(outer inverse packet set (X)F)构成的集合对;或者,((X)F,(X)F)是逆P-集合.在一定条件下,逆P-集合被还原成有限普通集合X.逆P-集合是另一类动态信息系统的数学表示.P-推理(packet reasoning)是由P-集合生成的动态推理,逆P-推理(inverse packet reasoning)是由逆P-集合生成的动态推理.把P-集合、逆P-集合、P-推理、逆P-推理与信息融合交叉、渗透,给出信息智能融合-过滤辨识理论与应用研究.同时给出P-集合与逆P-集合的结构、P-集合与逆P-集合的分离、P-集合与逆P-集合的等价类特征、P-信息融合与逆P-信息融合、P-信息融合与逆P-信息融合的推理发现、P-信息融合与逆P-信息融合度量、P-信息融合与逆P-信息融合的过滤-辨识,以及信息智能融合-过滤辨识的应用.P-集合与逆P-集合是研究信息融合理论与应用的一个新理论、新方法.     

深度逆向强化学习研究综述

深度逆向强化学习是机器学习领域的一个新的研究热点,它针对深度强化学习的回报函数难以获取问题,提出了通过专家示例轨迹重构回报函数的方法。首先介绍了3类深度强化学习方法的经典算法;接着阐述了经典的逆向强化学习算法,包括基于学徒学习、最大边际规划、结构化分类和概率模型形式化的方法;然后对深度逆向强化学习的一些前沿方向进行了综述,包括基于最大边际法的深度逆向强化学习、基于深度Q网络的深度逆向强化学习和基于最大熵模型的深度逆向强化学习和示例轨迹非专家情况下的逆向强化学习方法等。最后总结了深度逆向强化学习在算法、理论和应用方面存在的问题和发展方向。     

A unified approach for the recursive determination of generalized inverses

Using a unified approach, simple derivations for the recursive determination of different types of generalized inverses of a matrix are presented. These include results for the generalized inverse, the least-squares generalized inverse, the minimum-norm generalized inverse, and the Moore-Penrose inverse of a matrix.     

基于LS-SVM逆模型的青霉素发酵软测量方法

针对青霉素发酵过程中的某些关键生物参数(如菌体浓度、基质浓度、产物浓度)难以实时在线测量的问题,提出一种基于最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)逆模型的软测量方法。该方法用具有高斯核函数的LS-SVM,离线建立被测对象的静态非线性逆模型。由静态非线性逆模型外加若干表征非线性动态特征微分器,构成了非线性系统的逆系统,将此逆系统串联在原发酵系统之后,得到"线性化"的伪线性系统。仿真结果表明,该方法能够对青霉素发酵过程中不可在线测量的关键变量进行预测,且达到了较高的测量精度。     

逆系统方法的径向基函数网络实现

研究采用径向基函数网络（ＲＢＦＮ）构造系统逆控制器的工程实现问题，同时给出该直接逆动态控制器存在的充分条件。为进一步改善基于ＲＢＦＮ的直接逆动态控制器的动态性能，对该伪逆系统进行ＰＩＤ综合。仿真研究表明，以ＲＢＦＮ拟合对象逆过程的ＰＩＤ综合控制策略不仅能改善系统的动态性能，而且具有良好的参数鲁棒性能。     

A solution to the inverse kinematics of redundant manipulators

A solution to the inverse kinematics is a set of joint coordinates which correspond to a given set of task space coordinates (position and orientation of end effector). For the class of kinematically redundant robots, the solution is generically nonunique such that special methods are required for obtaining a solution. The method addressed in the paper, introduced earlier and termed “generalized inverse,” is based on a certain partitioning of the Jacobian functional corresponding to a nonlinear relationship of the inverse kinematics type. The article presents a new algorithm for solving the inverse kinematics using the method of generalized inverse based on a modified Newton-Raphson iterative technique. The new algorithm is efficient, converges rapidly, and completely generalizes the solution of the inverse kinematics problem for redundant robots. The method is illustrated by numerical examples.     

基于逆向MVD超图的求MVD最小覆盖算法研究

本文详细讨论了逆向ＭＶＤ超图的性质，给出了伪完全等价准路、完全等价准路、子边等价准路等概念。证明了若干个逆向ＭＶＤ超图的化简定理，最后给出了基于逆向ＭＶＤ超图的求ＭＶＤ最小覆盖算法。     

Properties and application of inverse systems

The inverse system introduced by Brockett is generalized to the time-variable case. This inverse is utilized to solve the problem of generating an input to a linear system so as to produce a prescribed output. A new reduced form for an inverse system is also presented.     

H.264Baseline中ITIQ模块的硬件实现

阐述H.264标准中的整数反变换运算及反量化。该硬件原型包含亮度直流系数的反哈达玛变换和反量化以及亮度系数和色度系数的反变换过程。根据蝶形算法,该硬件原型采用分时复用技术和全零信号,节省运算时间。仿真结果表明,该设计能满足高清数字视频的实时处理应用。     

On the Structure of Finite Automata of Which M Is an(Weak)Inverse with Delay τ

In this paper,we first give a method that for any inverse finite automaton M' withdelay τ,all inver tible finite automata with delay τ,of which M' is an inverse with delayτ,can be constructed;and a universal nondeterministic finite automaton,for all finiteautomata of which M' is an inverse with delay τ,can also be constructed.We then give amethod that for any weak inverse finite automaton M' with delay τ,all weaklyinvertible finite automata with delay τ of which M' is a weak inverse with delay,can beconstructed;and a universal nondeterministic finite automaton,for all finiteautomata of which M' is a weak inverse with delay τ,can also be constructed.     

关于出现网的S切

出现网是研究Petri网的进程的工具,而出现网的S切又是研究进程的重要概念。讨论S切的基本性质：定义并证明S切M在E的元素e的作用下发生的变换M→u[e]=（u-·e）Ue·以及发生变换的条件。定义并证明S切u在E的元素e的反作用下发生的变换v→v[e-1]=（v-e·）U·e以及发生变换的条件;证明对于任意S切u有u[e][e-1]=u,对于任意S切v有v[e-1][e]=v。证明每一个S切u（≠w1）都能够被某一个e作用,每一个S切v（≠W0）都能够被某一个e反作用。     

Inverse identification of thermal parameters using reduced-basis method

A novel computational method is presented to inversely identify heat convection constants for complex engineering systems. A reduced-basis approach is developed as a forward solver for heat transfer analysis in order to significantly reduce the computational complexity in each forward analysis, which is crucial for the inverse analysis of complex systems. An intergeneration-projection genetic-algorithm (IP-GA) is introduced as the inverse procedure to speed up the process of finding the desired global minimum of the fitness function of error that leads to the parameters to be identified. As an example, identification of the heat convection constants of a typical microelectronic package are performed using the present method and the performance is examined comparing with other inverse identification methods. It is found that the reduced-basis method combined with the IP-GA significantly outperforms the conventional methods. The proposed inverse identification method is efficient enough even for online analysis of inverse problems due to both the use of the reduced-basis approach and the present inverse procedure.     

Inverse data envelopment analysis model to preserve relative efficiency values: The case of variable returns to scale

This paper studies the inverse Data Envelopment Analysis (inverse DEA) for the case of variable returns to scale (inverse BCC). The developed inverse BCC model can preserve relative efficiency values of all decision making units (DMUs) in a new production possibility set composing of all current DMUs and a perturbed DMU with new input and output values. We consider the inverse BCC model for a resource allocation problem, where increases of some outputs and decreases of the other outputs of the considered DMU can be taken into account simultaneously. The inverse BCC problem is in the form of a multi-objective nonlinear programming model (MONLP), which is not easy to solve. We propose a linear programming model, which gives a Pareto-efficient solution to the inverse BCC problem. However, there exists at least an optimal solution to the proposed model if and only if the new output vector is in the set of current production possibility set. The proposed approach is illustrated via a case study of a motorcycle-part company.     

Distribution Modeling of Nonlinear Inverse Controllers Under a Bayesian Framework

The inverse controller is traditionally assumed to be a deterministic function. This paper presents a pedagogical methodology for estimating the stochastic model of the inverse controller. The proposed method is based on Bayes' theorem. Using Bayes' rule to obtain the stochastic model of the inverse controller allows the use of knowledge of uncertainty from both the inverse and the forward model in estimating the optimal control signal. The paper presents the methodology for general nonlinear systems and is demonstrated on nonlinear single-input-single-output (SISO) and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) examples     

Hybrid control of a pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) robot arm using an inverse NARX fuzzy model

We investigated the possibility of applying a hybrid feed-forward inverse nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) fuzzy model-PID controller to a nonlinear pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) robot arm to improve its joint angle position output performance. The proposed hybrid inverse NARX fuzzy-PID controller is implemented to control a PAM robot arm that is subjected to nonlinear systematic features and load variations in real time. First the inverse NARX fuzzy model is modeled and identified by a modified genetic algorithm (MGA) based on input/output training data gathered experimentally from the PAM system. Second the performance of the optimized inverse NARX fuzzy model is experimentally demonstrated in a novel hybrid inverse NARX fuzzy-PID position controller of the PAM robot arm. The results of these experiments demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of the proposed control approach compared to traditional PID control strategies. Consequently, the good performance of the MGA-based inverse NARX fuzzy model in the proposed hybrid inverse NARX fuzzy-PID position control of the PAM robot arm is demonstrated. These results are also applied to model and to control other highly nonlinear systems.     

LMS和RLS算法在自适应逆控制中的应用

介绍了自适应逆控制的基本思想,分析了基于线性滤波器的逆对象建模以及消除扰动的方法,重点研究了LMS和RLS两种自适应算法在自适应逆控制中的应用,并对仿真结果进行比较,发现两种算法都能很好的运用到自适应逆控制中,能很好的跟踪到对象的逆。RLS算法跟踪的效果更好,收敛的速度也更快,更适用于要求较高的场合,但是要耗费比较多的时间。     

一种新型神经网络广义逆系统

提出一种新型带有反馈环节的广义逆系统方法,并给出了其存在性的证明．该方法首先利用神经网络构造被控对象的α 阶逆系统,通过改变反馈环节参数可随时任意配置复合系统极点,无需重新构造广义逆系统．分别对ＳＩＳＯ 和ＭＩＭＯ 非线性系统进行仿真研究．仿真结果表明,在配置极点变换时,利用该方法构造的广义逆系统仍可对原系统实现有效的线性化和解耦．     

On Computer Implementation for Comparison of Inverse Numerical Schemes for Non-Linear Equations

In this research article, we interrogate two new modifications in inverse Weierstrass iterative method for estimating all roots of non-linear equation simultaneously. These modifications enables us to accelerate the convergence order of inverse Weierstrass method from 2 to 3. Convergence analysis proves that the orders of convergence of the two newly constructed inverse methods are 3. Using computer algebra system Mathematica, we find the lower bound of the convergence order and verify it theoretically. Dynamical planes of the inverse simultaneous methods and classical iterative methods are generated using MATLAB (R2011b), to present the global convergence properties of inverse simultaneous iterative methods as compared to classical methods. Some non-linear models are taken from Physics, Chemistry and engineering to demonstrate the performance and efficiency of the newly constructed methods. Computational CPU time, and residual graphs of the methods are provided to present the dominance behavior of our newly constructed methods as compared to existing inverse and classical simultaneous iterative methods in the literature.     

On another view of an inverse of an interval matrix

We consider n × n matrix whose elements are fuzzy numbers (hereinafter a fuzzy matrix) and we introduce notions of regularity of a fuzzy matrix and the inverse matrix of a fuzzy matrix (hereinafter the fuzzy inverse) in this paper. It is shown that the fuzzy inverse is a fuzzy matrix as well. Also we pay attention to the calculation of the fuzzy inverse in a special case. Main results are based on Rohn’s results in the field of linear problems with inexact data.     

Computer generation of symbolic kinematics for robot manipulators

Computer generation of symbolic solutions for the direct and inverse robot kinematics is a desired capability not previously available to robotics engineers. In this article, we present a methodology for the design of a software system capable of solving the direct and inverse kinematics for n degree of freedom (dof) manipulators in symbolic form. The inputs to the system are the Denavit-Hartenberg parameters of the manipulator. The outputs of the system are the direct and inverse kinematics solutions in symbolic form. The system consists of a symbolic processor to perform matrix and algebraic manipulations and an expert system to solve the class of nonlinear equations involved in the solution of the inverse kinematics problem. The system can be used to study robot kinematics configurations whose inverse kinematics solutions are not known to exist a priori. Two examples are included to illustrate its capabilities. The first example provides explicit analytical solutions, previously believed nonexistent, for a 3 dof manipulator. A second example is included for a robot whose inverse kinematics solution requires intensive algebraic manipulations.