TB8钛合金间歇式真空气体渗氮层的组织与耐磨性（英文）

为了提高耐磨性,对TB8钛合金进行间歇式真空气体渗氮处理。利用XRD和SEM分析了改性层的物相组成和显微组织,并对改性层的表面硬度和耐磨性进行了研究。结果表明,TB8钛合金经800℃间歇式真空气体渗氮4 h后,表面改性层物相主要由TiN、TiN_(0.3)、Ti_2AlN及α-Ti组成,渗氮层组织致密,与基体结合良好,表面HV硬度为8.50～9.0 GPa,是基体硬度的3倍,硬化层厚度为100～120μm。由于表面形成的硬化层较深,故耐磨性得到了极大改善。     

不同压力对 TC4 钛合金真空脉冲渗氮的影响

目的采用不同压力对TC4钛合金进行真空脉冲渗氮处理,提高其表面硬度及耐磨性。方法通过金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计及耐磨试验机分析渗氮硬化层的组织与性能。结果 TC4钛合金经过真空气体渗氮处理后,形成了由Ti N,Ti2Al N和钛铝金属间化合物Ti3Al组成的复合改性层。渗氮压力太低,表面氮化物数量较少,氮化物层较薄;随渗氮压力的增大,表面氮化物数量增多,表面硬度及耐磨性增加。压力为0.015 MPa时,氮化物层表面硬度最大,表面硬度为1100~1200HV,有效硬化层深度为50~60μm。渗氮压力继续增加,表层组织变得疏松,表面硬度及耐磨性开始降低。结论选择合适的渗氮压力和表面氮浓度进行真空脉冲渗氮,可以提高钛合金表面硬度,改善耐磨性。     

TC4钛合金真空渗氮组织与性能

对TC4钛合金进行真空渗氮处理,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度计及耐磨试验机分析了渗氮层的组织与性能。结果表明,TC4钛合金经真空气体渗氮处理后,形成了由TiN、Ti2AlN和钛铝金属间化合物Ti3Al组成的复合改性层,氮化层组织均匀致密,形成了较宽的氮扩散区,表面硬度为1100~1200 HV,有效硬化层深度为50~60μm,硬度梯度平缓,脆性低,耐磨性得了极大的改善。     

TA2钛材的激光相变硬化复合低温气体渗氮工艺

为了提高TA2钛合金的耐磨性和耐蚀性,采用激光相变硬化-气体渗氮工艺对TA2钛进行表面改性。利用体视光学显微镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射仪对TA2激光相变硬化-气体渗氮层进行表面形貌、微观组织和相组成分析;利用显微硬度计对两种复合改性层的显微硬度进行测试。结果表明:TA2钛表面经激光相变硬化后,可实现430℃低温渗氮。此条件下晶粒得到细化,亚结构和缺陷密度的增加有利于氮元素和晶内扩散,相变组织与氮势梯度具有良好的对应关系。通过改善渗层的组织结构和化学成分分布状态,获得了性能优良的TA2钛表面硬化层。     

不同介质对TC4钛合金真空渗氮的影响

为了提高表面硬度和耐磨性,采用不同渗氮介质对TC4钛合金进行真空渗氮处理。采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、显微硬度计及耐磨试验机分析了渗氮层的组织与性能。结果表明,TC4钛合金经真空渗氮处理后,可获得由Ti N、Ti2Al N和Ti3Al组成的复合改性层。相同条件下与NH3相比,采用高纯N2渗氮可获得更为致密的氮化物层,表面硬度和耐磨性更高,其表面硬度为1100~1200 HV,有效硬化层深度可达50~60μm。     

TC4钛合金间歇式真空渗氮工艺研究

为了改善TC4钛合金的表面硬度,在氮气为正压和负压条件下对其进行间歇式真空渗氮处理。通过X射线衍射、自动维氏硬度测试和电化学极化曲线分析了不同压力下渗氮层的相结构、组织、显微硬度和耐蚀性。结果表明,TC4钛合金经真空渗氮处理后,表层均可获得由TiN_(0.3)、TiN、Ti_3AlN和Al_3Ti等相组成的改性层。在负压下,表层中氮化物数量较少,但渗层较厚,硬度梯度平缓。在正压时,表层氮化物数量增多,渗层厚度及硬度却降低。氮化后的TC4钛合金耐蚀性提高。     

TC4钛合金螺栓真空渗氮组织及性能

采用真空技术对TC4钛合金螺栓进行表面渗氮。运用金相显微镜、XRD、显微硬度计、磨损试验机及疲劳试验机研究了渗氮层的显微组织和性能。在相同条件下进行磨损及微动疲劳试验。结果表明,钛合金螺栓经820℃真空渗氮10 h后,渗氮层物相主要由Ti N、Ti2Al N和Ti3Al组成,获得了由氮化物层和氮扩散区组成的致密渗氮层。表面硬度为1100~1200 HV,与基体硬度相比,提高了近3倍,硬化层深度达60~70μm。渗氮试样磨损失重为未渗氮试样的1/3,表面磨痕细密,平均微动疲劳寿命提到了20.2%。TC4钛合金螺栓经真空渗氮后,硬度、耐磨性和微动疲劳寿命得到了明显改善。     

TC4钛合金负压真空脉冲渗氮层的组织与性能

在氮气为负压及不同温度条件下(750、800、850和900℃)对TC4钛合金进行真空脉冲渗氮处理,采用X射线衍射,自动显微硬度测试、滑动干摩擦及电化学极化试验等手段分析了渗氮硬化层的组织与性能。结果表明:TC4钛合金渗氮处理后表面形成了一层由TiN_(0.3)、TiN、Ti_2N和AlTi_2N组成的多相化合物层;其表面硬度、渗层深度及耐磨性均随渗氮温度升高而提高。其中,850℃渗氮后合金有效硬化层深度约为30μm,硬度梯度平缓,其磨损量比原样下降1个数量级,综合性能最优。真空渗氮后合金耐蚀性均能得到大幅度改善。     

间歇渗氮周期对TC4钛合金真空渗氮的影响

为了提高TC4钛合金表面硬度及耐磨性,采用不同的间歇渗氮周期对其进行真空间歇渗氮处理。通过金相观察、X射线衍射(XRD)、显微硬度计和耐磨试验机分析了渗氮层组织与性能。结果表明,TC4钛合金经真空间歇渗氮处理后,形成了由Ti N、Ti2Al N和钛铝金属间化合物Ti3Al组成的复合改性层。间歇渗氮周期较小,氮扩散区较窄,随间歇渗氮周期增加,氮明显向内扩散形成了一定宽度的氮扩散区,渗氮周期为30 min时,表面硬度为1100~1200 HV0.1,有效硬化层深度为60μm,渗氮周期继续增加,氮化物层开始变得疏松,表面硬度和耐磨性开始降低。     

激光气体渗氮工艺对TC4钛合金表面性能的影响

钛合金属于粘性材料,易发生粘着磨损,为提高钛合金件作为摩擦副使用时的寿命,需提高钛合金表面硬度及耐磨性。利用连续激光器在TC4合金表面进行激光气体渗氮,生成金黄色的氮化层。用SEM、EDS、XRD分析试样渗氮层的微观组织、元素分布以及物质组成。结果表明,经激光气体渗氮后在TC4表面生成了以Ti N为增强相的改性层,并且在未渗氮区有黑色粉末状Ti N生成。表层由氮化层、热影响区及母材组成。渗氮层与基材发生冶金结合,结合强度高,不易剥落。随着激光功率的提升,渗氮层厚度及硬度都有所增加。当功率为1 200 W时,钛合金表面渗氮层最高硬度超过1 800 HV0.3,渗氮层厚度也最大。在氮气流量为10 L/min时整个渗氮层中氮元素的含量相对较高。经过激光气体表面渗氮后渗氮层的摩擦系数较基体材料摩擦系数有明显降低,耐磨性更好。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。