Laser satellite communication network-vibration effect and possiblesolutions

A number of serious consortiums develop satellite communication networks. The objective of these communication projects is to service personal communication users almost everywhere on Earth. The intersatellite links in those projects use microwave radiation as the carrier. Free-space optical communication between satellites networked together can make possible high-speed communication between different places on Earth. Some advantages of an optical communication system over a microwave communication system in free space are: (1) smaller size and weight, (2) less transmitter power, (3) larger bandwidth, and (4) higher immunity to interference. The pointing from one satellite to another is a complicated problem due to the large distance between the satellite, the narrow beam divergence angle, and vibration of the pointing system. Such vibration of the transmitted beam in the receiver plane decreases the average received signal, which increases the bit error rate. We review: (1) the present status of satellite networks, (2) developing efforts of optical satellite communication around the world, (3) performance results of vibration effects on different kinds of optical communication satellite networks, and (4) seven approaches to overcome the problems caused by transmitter pointing vibration     

非视线光散射通信的大气传输模型

利用大气对光的散射作用可以实现非视线通信.在单次散射假定下,研究了非视线光散射通信系统的大气传输模型.利用该模型分析了光源发散角、接收视场和收发仰角等系统几何参数与接收散射光能量之间的关系;重点讨论了大气分子散射和气溶胶散射各自对接收散射光能量的贡献.结果表明当系统的收发仰角较大时,接收光能量主要来自大气分子散射;反之,气溶胶散射则成为接收光能量的主要部分.对于工作在日盲紫外光谱区的非视线通信系统,增加接收视场可以有效地增大系统的信噪比.发现在两种典型的收发仰角情况下,接收散射光能量随光源发散角的变化趋势是相反的,这说明光源发散角要根据实际的应用场合设计确定.     

对准误差对前置光放大卫星激光通信系统性能的影响

发射机及接收机的对准误差都会引起前置光放大卫星激光通信系统信号的衰落,在同时考虑发射机、接收机对准误差的条件下优化系统性能非常重要。将接收机对准误差引起的空间光耦合损耗用一个高斯函数近似,并同时考虑发射机对准误差引起的对准损耗,推导出了接收光功率概率密度的近似解析表达式,应用该概率密度函数,建立了基于平均误码率原则的前置光放大卫星激光通信系统的优化模型。仿真结果表明,在给定平均误码率要求及对准误差一定时,存在一个最佳发射光束宽度、接收天线直径及空间光耦合参数,使所需的发射功率最小,采用更大的接收天线并不能降低对发射功率的要求。     

基于嵌入式技术的超低功耗红外光通信系统设计

为了解决红外光通信存在传输方向单一和消耗功率高问题,设计基于嵌入式技术的超低功耗红外光通信系统,系统单片机使用改进型STM32,将超低功耗红外发射装置嵌入到红外光通信系统中,该装置通过固定载波频率将输入音频信号,通过发送校准模式和音频传输模式调制为高频方波信号后,采用红外光管向外发射信号,并在电路中增加功率负载电流实现限流,降低红外光发射电路功耗。红外接收装置通过共射级放大电路接收信号,采用脉冲宽度调制(PWM)调制信号,实现信号高质量、低功率传输。红外通信模块实现红外发射装置和接收装置间信号的双向传输。系统采用保护驱动模式、中断模式与用户模式的红外通信协议栈,最大程度降低系统通信能耗,提高系统通信效率。实验结果表明:该系统能够实现信号和温度信号的有效传输,在休眠和正常运行时的功耗均较低,误码率低,是一种功率消耗低、通信质量高的红外光通信系统。     

Experiment study of ATP system for free-space optical communications

To meet the requirement of high tracking angular accuracy for the acquisition, tracking, and pointing (ATP) subsystem of the free-space optical communication, and provide the basis for the further optical communication between maritime mobile platforms, the experimental system, which executing part for the fine tracking is voice coil motor with high frequency and good performance for error compensation, is established, and the whole system can be controlled by personal computer. A series of experiments has been done for the simulation target of different uniform speed, and the data of tracking error for fine tracking and coarse tracking are collected, analyzed and evaluateds separately, and the real-time optical power of communication laser is also collected. The result shows that standard deviation for ATP system tracking error increases with the increase of target speed, while the range of tracking error appears to be no order. Furthermore, communication link can be hold for a long time.     

自由空间光通信中的振动抑制研究

卫星联网可以实现高速率的自由空间光通信;;但是由于卫星间的长距离、窄光束的发散角和瞄准系统的抖动使得从一颗卫星到另一颗卫星的瞄准变成很复杂的问题像这样接受平面内发射的光束的抖动会降低平均接收功率增加误码率针对上述问题;;介绍了7种抑振方法     

单光源全双工逆向调制的光通信技术研究

逆向调制光通信是自由空间光通信的一种特殊形式 ,它的系统包括两个不对称的终端:询问端和逆向调制端,询问端由光发送机和光接收机组成 ,逆向调制端由逆向调制装置组成。逆向调制光通信可实现逆向调制端对询问端的单向通信 ,它具有视场角大、功耗低、体积小等优点,适合于小平台工作环境。与 传统自由空间光(FSO)通信相比,逆向调制光通信系统无需复杂的跟瞄系统,但通常只能 完成逆向调制端对询 问端的单向通信。如果要实现逆向调制光通信的全双工通信,可以考虑从调制方式和系统设 计上进行研究。 本文从调制方式出发提出了一种单光源全双工逆向调制光通信方案,仿真分析了方案的信 号传输过程,实现了室内近距离逆向调制单光源全双工光通信实验,验证了方案的可行性 。     

New type of optical fibre analogue SSB data communication system using edge‐emitting LED coupled to single‐mode optical fibre

This paper describes a single‐mode(SM) optical fibre SSB data communication system for use in place of power‐line data transmission. In the optical transmitter, SSB data is fed through the squarewave frequency (SWFM) modulator to the edge‐emitting LED (ELED) module. The light beam of the ELED module is fed to the SM optical fibre having a length of 12km. In the optical receiver, the light beam received through the SM optical fibre is detected by the PIN photodiode module, and fed to the SWFM detector to obtain the double‐pulse frequency modulation (DPFM) signal voltage. The DPFM signal voltage at the output of the SWFM detector is fed to the low‐pass filter (LPF) to obtain analogue SSB data. When the transmission was experimentally carried out, the spurious component was as low as −50–−70 dB and the SNR of SSB data as high as more than 65–70 dB. The optical transmitter and receiver were attached to the conventional analogue SSB data communication system to constitute a new optical fibre analogue SSB data communication system. During the field test utilizing the new system, the crosstalk and SNR were 60–70 dB and 60–70 dB on each channel, respectively. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Wide illumination and communication angle visible light communication system based on low output impedance LED driver amplifier

The visible light communication (VLC) system employs large viewing divergence angle light-emitting diode (LED) to realize illumination and communication simultaneously, so the geometric loss of optical power may reach tens of decibels, moreover, considering the gain reduction of the LED at high frequency, signal power at the receiver will be too weak. To overcome these drawbacks, in this paper, a low output impedance power driver amplifier is presented to provide enough power to drive a medium power commercial LED used at the end of the optical transmitter. A 125 Mbit/s real-time communication with illumination and communication angle of 130° has been achieved at a distance of 3 m, the bit error rate (BER) is 3.13×10-11 at a divergence angle of LED of 0° and 1.21×10-6 at a communication angle of 130°. Experimental results indicated that this VLC system can be used for illumination and communication simultaneously.     

Impact of random pointing and tracking errors on the design ofcoherent and incoherent optical intersatellite communication links

Given the RMS transmitter pointing error and the desired probability of bit error (PBE), it can be shown that an optimal transmitter antenna gain exists which minimizes the required transmitter power. Given the RMS local oscillator tracking error, an optimum receiver antenna gain can be found which optimizes the receiver performance. The impact of pointing and tracking errors on the design of direct-detection pulse-position modulation (PPM) and heterodyne noncoherent frequency-shift keying (NCFSK) systems is then analyzed in terms of constraints on the antenna size and the power penalty incurred. It is shown that in the limit of large spatial tracking errors, the advantage in receiver sensitivity for the heterodyne system is quickly offset by the smaller antenna gain and the higher power penalty due to tracking errors. In contrast, for systems with small spatial tracking errors, the heterodyne system is superior because of the higher receiver sensitivity     

光纤通信系统中光发射机的设计

按照光纤通信系统的原理,对光发射机的主要组成部分电源、调频电路及锁相环在原理和实现电路上进行设计.使信号源发出的信号经过光发射机后信号失真小,信噪比高,满足信号传输高质量的要求.     

光纤通信系统中光发射机的设计

光发射机功能是将AV信号接收、调制后,把电信号变换成光信号,经光纤发射出去.在光纤通信系统的原理下,对光发射机的主要组成部分电源、调频电路及锁相器在原理和实现电路上进行设计,使信号源发出的信号经过光发射机后信号失真小、信噪比高,满足信号传输高质量的要求,实现低成本高质量的AV传输解决方案.     

Optimization of urban optical wireless communication systems

Urban optical wireless communication systems are considered a "last mile" technology. An optical wireless communication system uses the atmosphere as a propagation medium. In order to provide line-of-sight (LOS), the transceivers are placed on high-rise buildings. However, dynamic wind loads, thermal expansion, and weak earthquakes cause buildings to sway. These sways require the designer to increase the transmitter beam divergence angle so as to maintain LOS between the transmitter and the receiver. It is clear that an overly wide divergence angle increases the required laser power, and, as a result, terminal cost and complexity increase. On the other hand, an overly narrow beam divergence angle may result in cutoff in communication when there is building sway. In this paper, we derive a mathematical model to minimize transmitter power and optimize transmitter gain (divergence angle) as a function of the building-sway statistics, the communication system parameters, and the required bit-error probability (BEP). Reduction in laser power could improve overall system performances and cost. For example, for BEP of 10/sup -9/, we can attain at least a 4-dB reduction of the required transmitter power in comparison to a system with both half and twice the optimum beam divergence angle.     

卫星激光通信中光纤放大器的应用研究

介绍了卫星激光通信的特点,通过计算分析,提出了用于卫星激光通信光发射系统的高功率光纤放大器、用于光接收系统的前置光纤放大器的性能参数。给出了高功率光纤放大器和低噪声前置光纤放大器的实验方案。     

Theoretical performance of direct detection optical communication with AlGaAs laser transmitters, avalanche photodiode detectors, and color-coded PPM signaling

Theoretical performance characteristics are presented for a direct detection optical communication system that has peak power limited laser diode transmitters and avalanche photodiode photodetectors. The singal format consists of the transmission of a group ofLbinary source digits as a single light pulse at one ofNnonoverlapping optical center frequencies (colors) in one ofMpossible time slots. The system achieves a given received symbol error probability at lower peak signal intensities with a less complicated receiver structure than can be obtained with an ordinary pulse position modulation system of the same alphabet size and source data rate.     

低源流量Delta掺杂p型GaN外延薄膜的研究

卫星平台的振动是降低光通信链路可靠性的一个重要因素。提出在精跟踪系统中采用自适应逆控制方案来抑制卫星平台振动的影响, 从而实现对目标光通信终端的稳定跟踪。采用对象的自适应逆作为控制器来控制快速反射镜偏转, 以保证系统的动态响应品质; 采用自适应逆控制中的自适应扰动消除系统来抑制卫星平台的振动。实现了对象控制和扰动消除分开进行且不相互影响。仿真结果表明该控制律有效地实现了对输入的跟踪, 且能较好地抑制扰动。     

Experimental characterization of integrated optical wireless components

Line of sight optical links can provide extremely high bandwidth communications between terminals, but in order to maintain alignment between transmitter and receiver, tracking is required. In this letter, we report results from a "solid-state" tracking transmitter and receiver. The transmitter consists of a custom complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit that is flip-chip bonded to a seven-element resonant cavity light-emitting diode. The receiver uses a custom seven-element InGaAs detector array that is flip-chip bonded to a CMOS integrated circuit. Results from an initial link demonstration show overall system operation at 100 Mb/s/channel, for Manchester coded data.     

空间光通信中精跟踪控制器的设计

精跟踪伺服系统设计是APT的核心技术,决定了通信链路能否建立以及通信系统的性能.针对空间光通信中压电陶瓷驱动FSM偏转具有非线性、时变不确定性和纯滞后等特性,提出变论域自适应模糊PID控制方法.引入变论域思想,并通过对输入变量加入伸缩因子的方式来实现变论域的目的,自适应能力和抗干扰能力明显增强.可有效解决稳定性与准确性的矛盾.实验结果表明:模糊PID控制算法增强了伺服系统鲁棒性,并提高了伺服系统实时性;跟踪精度可达到5μrad,对卫星平台振动和大气湍流引起信标光斑抖动有一定的抑制作用,能够满足空间光通信精跟踪精度的要求.     

LED可见光模拟通信实验系统的设计

基于可见光通信原理设计了LED可见光模拟通信实验系统,该系统实现了短距离无线传输模拟信号。系统包括三个主要模块,分别为电源、发射端、接收端。实验系统的发射端采用大功率10W LED灯作为信号源,接收端采用高精度TDA2030音频专用功率放大器和20000HZ低通滤波器,用以提升该实验系统的传输距离和效果,经测试该系统可传输300—15000HZ的模拟信号,传输距离可达5m以上,接收到的信号强度大且无明显失真。     

基于TMS320LF2407的新型超声波电源的研究

以30kHz／3kw的超声波电源为研究对象,采用DSP芯片代替单片机,设计软、硬件。实现频率跟踪和功率调节控制,提高系统实时性。在此采用全桥逆变器作为超声振动系统的功率转换主电路,解决由于负载温度变化等原因产生谐振频率的漂移,保证系统的高效率。研究粗精复合的频率跟踪方案,采用扫频方法实现频率粗跟踪。采用硬件锁相环实现精跟踪。这两种方法的结合既保证在较宽的频率变化范围内实现频率自动跟踪,又保证跟踪的快速、准确。为适应负载变化的要求,采用软开关的PS-PWM控制方法,使系统的输出功率连续可调。