BP神经网络在立铣刀结构参数优化中的应用

钛合金薄壁件的铣削加工过程中,刀具磨损速度快,并且工件容易变形,其主要因素是加工过程中切削力大,切削温度高。文章利用有限元仿真软件Advant Edge FEM铣削仿真数据,建立整体式立铣刀结构参数与切削力和切削温度的BP神经网络预测模型,并对切削预测模型进行了切削实验验证。在此基础上,利用BP神经网络模型的预测结果对整体式立铣刀的结构参数进行了优化,切削实验证明,优化后的刀具参数可以有效地降低切削力和切削温度,从而有效地改善过程中刀具的切削性能和工件的加工质量。     

复杂薄壁零件数控加工变形误差控制补偿技术研究

高性能航空发动机整体叶盘、大小叶片转子、离心叶轮、叶片等零件广泛采用钛合金薄壁结构。加工过程中的切削力、残余应力将产生零件加工变形及加工误差。本文重点讨论了薄壁零件加工过程中的切削力建模和工件加工表层残余应力的分布规律,提出了对叶盘零件加工变形误差的补偿方案。通过建立精确的切削力、残余应力预报模型,对切削加工过程进行力学仿真,优化切削参数、补偿刀位轨迹,进而实现薄壁结构叶盘零件的精密数控加工。     

基于NC物理仿真的钛合金薄壁件颤振预测研究

针对钛合金薄壁零件在铣削加工过程中存在的切削颤振问题,以多框类零件为对象,建立了基于NC物理仿真的钛合金薄壁零件颤振预测模型,解决了钛合金零件在工艺准备初期即实现颤振的预报。首先通过试验与仿真相结合的方式,获取工艺系统的颤振稳定域,并进行稳定域内参数优化;其次通过建立有限元模型,进行零件模态分析,获取零件加工过程中的动态特性,确定最优刀具路径;最后利用NC物理仿真软件对零件进行切削过程仿真,预测切削过程中颤振是否发生。结果表明,通过此类技术,可直观有效地跟踪加工过程,提高薄壁件加工稳定性。     

基于VERICUT二次开发的数控加工切削力仿真研究

为解决传统有限元仿真软件在数控加工切削力仿真应用中效率低下的问题,论文介绍了一种基于VERICUT二次开发的数控加工过程切削力仿真的快速实现方法.在VC平台下,利用VERICUT软件提供的二次开发工具Optipath API(optimize path - application programming interface),在数控加工几何仿真完成后即时提取加工过程的切削参数.根据切削力经验模型,通过MFC(microsoftfoundation class)编程开发切削力仿真结果输出界面,得到数控加工过程中切削力数值的变化曲线,实现数控加工过程切削力仿真效率的显著提高.     

基于DEFORM的刀具几何参数与切削力关系的研究

切削力是切削过程中重要的参数之一,它对工件的加工精度、加工所消耗的功率及刀具的磨损程度等方面都有着重要的影响。影响切削力的因素是多方面的,如工件材料的性能、刀具的几何参数、切削用量的影响、切削液的使用情况等等[1]。文章以镍基合金为切削载体、以DEFORM为仿真平台,建立切削仿真模型,研究了刀具角度对切削力的影响,仿真结果与实际切削过程一致,验证了仿真的有效性,从而为研究者提供了一种实验成本低、实验时间短的方法来确定切削刀具工作角度。     

数控切削过程仿真系统的研究

针对数控加工三维仿真系统的开发,研究了系统的构成,加工过程仿真,三维几何模型的构建、运动轨迹的确定、仿真过程的实时动态显示以及仿真真实感实现的具体方法.根据数控车削加工的特点,提出了一个基于构造单元的工件分解表达模型,利用此模型与刀具实体模型做布尔减运算,来实时模拟工件材料的去除加工过程及验证加工结果;采用三维图形接口标准OpenGL和Visual C 结合作为工具,处理有关计算和图形算法,以获得理想的真实感效果和仿真速度.在此基础上,根据再生性切削力是切屑厚度函数的原理,提取几何仿真中的切削层参数,并将其应用于切削力计算和加工参数优化中,建立起集成CAD/CAM的几何仿真和物理仿真系统.     

航空薄壁件切削加工变形控制与实时监测研究

由于航空薄壁件刚度较低,工艺性差,容易发生切削变形,是机械加工中的难题。以减小航空薄壁件的变形为目标,采用有限元分析方法,分析工件在切削力作用下的变形;通过预先考虑薄壁件在切削力作用下的加工变形及其对应的变形回弹量,采用变形主动补偿的方法,在局部刀位点修正补偿刀具的切削深度。经有限元计算比较,补偿后刀位点的最大切削加工误差相对于补偿前降低95%以上,同时航空薄壁件的切削加工误差的分布更加均匀,误差值的变化波动范围更小;最后设计了一个切削力实时监测系统,对切削加工过程进行监测,形成了一种提高航空薄壁件切削加工精度的系统性方法。     

基于C/S模式的数控车削物理仿真技术的研究

支持网络环境下数控加工仿真平台,当加工者和代码编制者不在同一物理地点或者相隔较远的情况,可以消除传统的数控加工仿真的局限性。目前的数控加工仿真大都是基于本地数控代码仿真,影响到仿真和加工的效率。文章提出建立基于C/S模式的数控车削仿真系统,重点分析了车削过程中工件受切削力作用产生的力变形,建立了力变形下工件直径误差的模型,并以此为基础对实际的阶梯轴车削加工进行分析。文章采用VC 编程实现了对加工刀具轨迹的仿真,并给出了考虑工件变形前后的真实加工轨迹对比。结果表明,可以采用误差补偿技术来消除因变形产生的误差。     

面向虚拟制造的数控加工仿真系统的研究与实现

结合虚拟制造技术对数控加工仿真系统进行了研究。通过对加工系统三维几何模型、运动模型、物理模型的构建，以及数控代码解释和加工过程仿真等模块的设计，开发了面向虚拟制造的数控加工仿真系统软件。该系统在NC代码的驱动下运行，可直观地观察加工过程中数控机床部件运动和零件的成形过程，验证代码的正确性，防止实际加工过程中的干涉、碰撞等故障的发生。仿真效果真实感强、实时性好。     

基于Deform-3D的65Mn硬态切削加工仿真研究

以淬硬钢65Mn为原料,采用有限元分析软件Deform?3D构建了硬态切削加工模型。模拟了不同切削速度下淬硬钢65Mn的车削加工过程,对车削加工的切削力、温度随切削速度的提高的变化以及工件表面应力变化的仿真结果给出了分析,为实现工艺参数的优化提供了指导。结果表明：硬态切削加工3个切削力中径向力Fy 最大,第二变形区的切削温度较高,硬态切削加工过程中工件表面应力呈现拉压交替变换且最终表现为压应力。     

Feedrate scheduling for indexable end milling process based on an improved cutting force model

In CNC machining, an optimal process plan is needed for higher productivity and machining performance. This paper proposes a mechanistic cutting force model to perform feedrate scheduling that is useful in process planning for indexable end milling. Indexable end mills, which consist of inserts and a cutter body, have been widely used in the roughing of parts in the mold industry. The geometry and distribution of inserts compose a discontinuous cutting edge on the cutter body, and tool geometry of indexable end mill varies with axial position due to the geometry and distribution of inserts. Thus, an algorithm that calculates tool geometry data at an arbitrary axial position was developed. The developed cutting force model uses cutting-condition-independent cutting force coefficients and considers run out, cutter deflection, geometry variation and size effect for accurate cutting force prediction. Through feedrate scheduling, NC code is optimized to regulate cutting forces at given reference force. Experiments with general NC codes show the effectiveness of feedrate scheduling in process planning.     

Mechanisms involved in the improvement of Inconel 718 machinability by laser assisted machining (LAM)

The aim of the present research work has been to gain a broader understanding of how or why laser assisted machining (LAM) improves machinability of Inconel 718, a hard-to-machine material of interest in the aeronautic industry. This has been accomplished by, first, running short run tests to determine the laser parameters and configuration for which highest force reductions are obtained and also to determine the effect of cutting parameters (feed, cutting speed and depth of cut) on force reduction. Secondly, long run tests have been performed in order to analyze process variables such as cutting forces, tool wear and surface roughness. Temperatures and hardness have been also measured in order to gain a broader perspective of the process.Experimental results have demonstrated that LAM improves machinability of Inconel 718 since machining forces and final surface roughness are reduced. The novelty reached with the present research work is the identification of three mechanisms associated to the laser heating as the responsible of this machinability improvement: material yield strength reduction, material base hardness reduction (only in precipitation hardened Inconel 718) and elimination of the work hardening generated in previous machining passes. The reduction of the work hardening leads also to a lower notch wear that limits the risk of sudden failure of the cutting tool and thus the wear mode is changed to flank wear, which leads to a controllable tool life and better surface roughness.     

Inconel718切削过程的有限元仿真研究

为了研究高速切削Inconel 718的切削机理,应用有限元软件DEFORM-2D模拟了高速切削Inconel 718的切削过程,分析了切削速度对切削温度、切削力和剪切角的影响规律以及切削过程中刀具和工件的应力场分布情况.仿真结果表明:切削力随着刀具的切入先迅速线性增大,然后趋于稳定,切削力随切削速度的增大呈下降趋势.切削温度的最高点总是位于前刀面上距离刀刃不远的地方.最高切削温度随着切削速度的增大而增高.最大刀具等效应力出现在前刀面上切削刃的周围,工件上最大等效应力出现在第一变形区.切削过程中,剪切角随切削速度的增加而增大.     

一种航空铝合金铣削力模型的试验研究

基于航空铝合金材料7050-T7451的机械加工性能,理论上分析了航空薄壁件加工变形机理。通过四因素、四水平回归正交试验法确定铣削加工过程中切削力的力学性质和相关参数,根据铣削力形状特征建立了数控加工铣削力力学数值计算模型。采用合理的平均力试验验证了模型的有效性,为进一步研究航空铝合金数控加工变形提供了可靠的边界条件。     

Dry machining of Inconel 718, workpiece surface integrity

In the machining of Inconel 718, nickel based heat resistant superalloy and classified difficult-to-cut material, the consumption of cooling lubricant is very important. To reduce the costs of production and to make the processes environmentally safe, the goal is to move toward dry cutting by eliminating cutting fluids. This goal can be achieved by using coated carbide tool and by increasing cutting speed.The present paper firstly reviews the main works on surface integrity and especially residual stresses when machining Inconel 718 superalloy. It focuses then on the effect of dry machining on surface integrity. Wet and dry turning tests were performed at various cutting speeds, with semi-finishing conditions (0.5 mm depth of cut and 0.1 mm/rev feed rate) and using a coated carbide tool. For each cutting test, cutting force was measured, machined surface was observed, and residual stress profiles were determined. An optimal cutting speed of 60 m/min was determined, and additional measurements and observations were performed. Microhardness increment and the microstructure alteration beneath the machined surface were analysed. It is demonstrated that dry machining with a coated carbide tool leads to potentially acceptable surface quality with residual stresses and microhardness values in the machining affected zone of the same order than those obtained in wet conditions when using the optimised cutting speed value; in addition, no severe microstructure alteration was depicted.     

Laser-assisted high-speed finish turning of superalloy Inconel 718 under dry conditions

Inconel 718 (IN718) is used in aerospace applications due to its superior mechanical properties. This study investigates the high-speed machinability of this material under laser-assisted machining (LAM) and dry conditions. Finish turning tests were performed for cutting speeds up 500 m/min and feeds up to 0.5 mm/rev, using focused Nd:YAG laser beam and ceramic tool (SiAlON). At optimum machining conditions, nearly eight-fold increase in material removal rate and significant improvement in the tool life and surface finish were achieved, compared to conventional machining. The mechanisms of tool failure were identified. SEM analysis and microstructure examination of machined surfaces revealed the improvement in the surface integrity under LAM conditions.     

Laser-assisted machining of Inconel 718 with an economic analysis

Superalloys have high strengths at elevated temperatures, which make them attractive toward various applications and also make these materials difficult to machine at room temperature due to excessive tool wear and poor surface finish. Laser-assisted machining (LAM) offers the ability to machine superalloys more efficiently and economically by providing the local heating of the workpiece prior to material removal by a single point cutting tool.An existing transient, three-dimensional heat transfer model is modified for modeling LAM of Inconel 718. Suitable coating conditions are determined for increasing the laser absorptivity in metals and an approximate absorptivity value is determined. The thermal model is validated in axial and circumferential directions by temperature measurement using an infrared camera.The machinability of Inconel 718 under varying conditions is evaluated by examining tool wear, forces, surface roughness, and specific cutting energy. With increasing material removal temperature from room temperature to 620 °C, the benefit of LAM is demonstrated by a 25% decrease in specific cutting energy, a 2–3-fold improvement in surface roughness and a 200–300% increase in ceramic tool life over conventional machining. Moreover, an economic analysis shows significant benefits of LAM of Inconel 718 over conventional machining with carbide and ceramic inserts.     

薄壁盘类零件超声振动车削实验研究

薄壁盘是典型的弱刚度轻量化零件,其壁厚很薄(最薄处仅0.3 mm),型面面积较大,故刚性较差。在切削过程中,切削力导致的型面变形是薄壁盘类零件加工的主要难题,传统加工方法很难得到高精度和高质量的产品。利用超声振动切削技术尝试进行弱刚度薄壁盘加工,在自行搭建的实验平台上对超声振动车削和普通车削加工薄壁盘进行对比实验。结果表明:与普通车削相比,超声振动车削可显著减小切削力和切削变形,大幅提高加工质量,同时具有断屑特性,是加工薄壁盘类零件的有效方法。