Bi-20.5Te合金熔体结构转变及其对凝固的影响

通过对Bi-20．5Te合金熔体电阻率随温度变化的研究，发现合金熔体在642℃时存在着液一液结构转变。分析Bi-Te合金熔体在不同成分和不同温度的原子结合规律，认为这种结构转变是由于熔体中的原子团簇变化引起的。将Bi-20．5Te合金分别在熔体结构转变前温度（600℃）、结构转变后温度（700℃）的范围内熔炼、保温，测定相应的凝固曲线，并观察凝固组织。结果表明，相对于在结构转变前保温处理的熔体，将合金在700℃保温处理后，凝固时所需过冷度增大，释放凝固潜热更加剧烈，并且凝固组织显著细化。产生这种现象的原因是由于熔体结构内的Bi—Bi同类原子团簇，以及具有共价结合的Bi—Te原子团簇在高温下被打破，熔体趋向均匀，对凝固过程中的原子扩散造成影响，进而影响合金的凝固行为及组织。     

Bi_2Te_(2.55)Se_(0.45)合金熔体电阻率及凝固与熔体状态相关性的探索

探索了Bi2Te2.55Se0.45热电材料熔体的电阻率温度行为,并在此基础上,采用热分析法、金相分析、X射线衍射、SEM和EDS等表征手段研究了不同熔体状态对Bi2Te2.55Se0.45合金凝固行为和组织的影响。结果所示,Bi2Te2.55Se0.45合金熔体升温过程中在840~940℃的范围内存在温度诱导不可逆液-液结构转变。凝固结果表明,熔体结构转变后合金熔体的凝固行为和组织与转变前熔体的凝固情况有明显差别,如形核和生长过冷度分别增加了17.6℃和2.2℃,形核率明显提高,凝固时间缩短了8 s,凝固组织明显细化,且分布更为均匀;此外,熔体状态的改变使合金XRD特征峰向高角度偏移,沿(00l)晶面的择优取向明显减弱。     

熔体过热处理对SnAg3Te5合金凝固组织的影响

本文以直流四电极法、热分析法分别测量了SnAg3Te5合金熔体的电阻率-温度曲线及热分析曲线.结果表明:在连续两轮的升降温过程中,合金熔体的电阻率在远高于液相线几百度的温区内发生了不可逆转变,不同热历史下相同成分合金的热分析曲线也存在明显差异.同时,在不同冷却方式下转变前后的合金凝固组织都发生了显著变化,这些差别充分表明,SnAg3Te5合金熔体在升降温过程中的某个特定温度区间内,由于熔体内部化学短程序的打破或重组而发生了温度诱导的液态结构转变.     

温度诱导的液-液结构转变对Sn-10％Bi合金凝固的影响

以温度诱导的液-液结构转变为切入点,研究了Sn-10％Bi合金经不同过热处理后凝固行为和凝固组织的变化.首先利用自制的定向凝固装置进行了液-液结构转变对Sn-10％Bi合金的定向凝固影响的研究.然后测定经不同过热处理的合金熔体相应的凝固曲线,并观察凝固组织.结果表明,相对于在结构转变前保温处理的熔体,经历了结构转变的合金熔体,凝固时所需过冷度增大,并且凝固组织显著细化;揭示了温度诱导液-液结构转变对合金凝固行为及组织有着明显影响.     

Sn-70Bi合金熔体结构转变的可逆性及其凝固行为

利用直流四电极法研究了Sn-70Bi合金在液相线以上数百度温度范围内发生的熔体结构转变;在此基础上,进一步探讨了熔体结构转变的可逆性及其对凝固的影响.试验结果表明,Sn-70Bi合金所发生的熔体结构转变部分可逆,分析认为主要与Sn的熔体结构有关,且熔体结构转变对其凝固行为及组织有较大的影响.发现结构变化后的熔体凝固过冷度显著增大,初生相和共晶相组织明显细化.     

温度诱导液相结构转变对Pb-Sn合金凝固行为及组织的影响

在前期工作发现的某些合金熔体发生温度诱导非连续液-液结构转变的基础上,通过研究Pb-Sn共晶合金及Pb-Sn80%合金发生液-液结构转变前后熔体的凝固行为及组织,发现后者凝固过冷度较发生熔体结构转变前成倍增大,并导致凝固组织的明显细化.揭示了温度诱导非连续液-液结构转变对合金凝固行为及组织有着明显影响.     

熔体过热历史对Ni基高温合金定向凝固界面形态的影响

在控制温度梯度、抽拉速率等工艺参数相同的条件下,首次发现熔体过热历史对Ni基高温合金定向凝固界面形态具有显著影响．随着熔体过热温度的提高和过热时间的延长,液固界面稳定性降低;相反,随着低温静置时间的延长,液固界面稳定性提高．熔体热历史对定向凝固液固界面形态影响的根本原因在于对熔体结构状态的改变,进而影响凝固过程.     

强冷条件下Sn-30Sb合金熔体结构改变对凝固的影响

结合强制冷却方法研究了 Sn-30Sb合金在温度诱导液相结构转变前后熔体的凝固行为及其组织的变化.结果表明,在液相结构转变后保温处理的熔体,相对于在液相结构转变前保温时,其凝固时所需过冷度增大,SnSb化合物明显细化,分布弥散化.分析认为,由于在升温至876～1 135 ℃范围时熔体液相结构发生转变,导致熔体中类固型原子团簇被大量打破,熔体结构趋于均匀和无序,抑制了初生相的形核、生长,进而有利于包晶转变的进行,使得凝固组织变化明显.     

深过冷Ni-P共晶合金凝固组织的形成和转变

采用玻璃熔覆法使Ni—P共晶合金实现了深过冷。随着过冷度的增加，其凝固组织发生了一系列的变化：晶粒逐渐细化，凝固组织从规则棒状共晶向异常粒状共晶组织转化，最后得到显微结构细小的胞状共晶团组织。利用单相枝晶状共晶的熔断模型，解释了过冷熔体形成异常粒状共晶团的形成原因。熔体在深过冷条件下形成的胞状共晶组织则可以固／液界面稳定性理论来描述。     

Sn-6Bi合金熔体结构转变对凝固组织的影响

通过研究Sn-6Bi合金熔体电阻率随温度的变化规律,发现在不同的温度区间合金发生了两种不同类型的液液结构转变,即高温阶段(890～1095℃)不可逆转变和低温阶段(645℃)的可逆液液结构转变。分析认为可逆的液液结构转变是由四面体结构的Sn-Sn共价键团簇的打破和重聚引起的,而不可逆液液结构转变是由(Bi)n原子集团、亚稳态的Sn原子团簇引起的。根据这一结果进行凝固试验,发现当熔体经历过温度诱导结构转变后会使凝固过冷度增大,凝固时间延长,凝固过程中释放的凝固潜热略微减少,凝固组织明显细化。     

X-ray diffraction study of Ba0.985Na0.015Ti0.985Nb0.015O3, Ba0.6Na0.4Ti0.6Nb0.4O3 and Ba0.3Na0.7Ti0.3Nb0.7O3 compositions

The Ba_0.985Na_0.015Ti_0.985Nb_0.015O₃, Ba_0.6Na_0.4Ti_0.6Nb_0.4O₃ and Ba_0.3Na_0.7Ti_0.3Nb_0.7O₃ compositions of the (1 − x) BaTiO₃–xNaNbO₃ (BTNNx) system have been studied by X-ray diffraction and by measurements of dielectric properties. The specimens with composition BTNN (x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) have been refined by the JANA program from X-ray powder diffraction data. Ceramic samples with composition (1 − x) BaTiO₃ + xNaNbO₃ (where x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) were prepared by calcinations from appropriate mixture of BaCO₃, TiO₂, Na₂CO₃ and Nb₂O₅. The calcined powder was sintered at temperature range 1200–1400 °C. As the composition x increased from 0.015 (and 0.70), the ferroelectric ceramics (x = 0.015, FE) with tetragonal phase changed to the ferroelectric relaxors (RFE, x = 0.40). RFE ceramics showed a peculiar diffuse phase transition and dielectric relaxation at the low temperature (down to 180 K) due to a frustration between RFE and FE state. These ceramics present the classical ferroelectric character when 0 ≤ x < 0.075 and 0.55 < x ≤ 1 and relaxor character when 0.075 ≤ x ≤ 0.55.     

Magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe76Nb2Si13B9, Fe75Ag1Nb2Si13B9 and Fe75Cu1Nb2Si13B9 amorphous alloys

Influence of 1 h annealing in vacuum on magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉, Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ melt spun ribbons were carefully investigated. It was shown that in all cases soft magnetic properties can be significantly enhanced by applying 1-h annealing at characteristic temperatures T_op. This optimization annealing causes that permeability increases more than 15-times and magnetic losses (tangent of loss angle) achieves a minimum in relation to the as quenched state. Using structural examinations (X-ray and HRTEM) it was shown that for the Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy the optimized microstructure corresponds to a nanocrystalline αFe(Si) phase whereas in other alloys to a relaxed amorphous phase free of iron nanograins. As a consequence of this fact the Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloys show higher plasticity in comparison to the nanocrystalline Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy. Temperatures of the first stage of crystallization, and related diffusion parameters were determined using measurements of resistivity versus temperature with different heating rates.     

Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42-H2O体系的沉淀配合平衡热力学

针对草酸盐配位共沉淀热分解还原法制备超细铁镍合金粉过程中Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42--H2O体系的溶液平衡建立热力学分析模型,并根据模型进行相关计算,揭示反应体系中各物质随pH值、氨及草酸浓度的变化关系。结果表明:溶液中的Fe主要以[Fe(C2O4)n]2 2n络合物形式存在,而铁氨络合物含量很低。当氨含量较低时,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在;氨含量较高时,在酸性条件下,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在,在碱性条件下,则主要以[Ni(NH3)n]2+存在。低pH值下,Ni的沉淀率较Fe的高,而高pH值下,Ni的沉淀率则较Fe的低。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

New Zr6CoAs2-type compounds: Y6CoBi2, Ho6CoBi2 and Tm6CoBi2

Results of a powder X-ray diffraction investigation of new ternary compounds are reported. The compounds Y₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8312(1) nm, c=0.4144(1) nm], Ho₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8246(2) nm, c=0.4095(1) nm], and Tm₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8155(2) nm, c=0.4066(1) nm] crystallize in the hexagonal Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure (space group P6b2m No. 189). The Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure is a superstructure of the Fe₂P-type structure.     

Al2O3-Sm2O3-CeO2电解质的性能（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法和低温燃烧技术制备Ce1-xSmxO2（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3）和掺杂Sm和（2%-8%）Al2O3的二氧化铈;研究其合成、结构、致密化、导电性和热膨胀等性能,并利用XRD研究其结构和相组成。结果表明,于1300°C烧结球团,获得致密的陶瓷,于1250°C在Ce0.8Sm0.2O0.2中加入2%和4%的Al2O3以促进烧结。利用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结后球团的表面形貌,使用双探针交流阻抗谱研究总离子电导率。     

Zur Kenntnis von RbBa3Ca4Cu3V7O28

Single crystals of RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ were prepared above the melting point of the reaction mixture. It crystallizes with hexagonal symmetry, space group C_6V⁴-P6₃mc, a 11.1751, c 12.434 Å, Z = 2. RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ is the second member of a new structure type of the copper-oxovanadates. Ba²⁺ shows an unusual 12-fold coordination. The two calcium positions are coordinated by trigonal prisms and octahedra respectively. The copper coordination is characterized by a stretched square pyramid. The Cu²⁺ ions are outside the centre nearly in plane of the pyramids.

Zusammenfassung

Einkristalle von RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ wurden oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Reaktionsmischung erhalten. Die Verbindung kristallisiert hexagonal, Raumgruppe C_6V⁴-P6₃mc, a 11.1751, c 12.434 Å, Z = 2. RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ ist das zweite Beispiel für einen neuen Strukturtyp der Kupfer-Oxovanadate, mit 12-fach koordinierten Ba²⁺ -Ionen. Die zwei Calciumpositionen sind trigonal prismatisch bzw. oktaedrisch koordiniert. Die Koordination der Cu²⁺-Ionen ist durch eine gestreckte Pyramide charakterisiert. Cu²⁺ ist auβerhalb des Polyederzentrums nahezu in der quadratischen Fläche der Pyramide angeordnet.     

电弧喷涂制备Fe65Cr20Mo7B3.5SiMn1.5W3涂层

在Q235低碳钢板上利用电弧喷涂工艺进行喷涂,以制得Fe65Cr20Mo7B3.5SiMn1.5W3涂层。喷涂材料为自行配制的丝材,按照35%的填充率将配好的粉填充到U型不锈钢外皮中,经过多道拉拔、挤压工艺制成Φ2mm的粉芯丝材。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、透射电镜对涂层的物相和组织形貌及成分进行了表征;采用差示扫描量热仪、显微硬度仪等设备对涂层的热稳定性及显微硬度进行了检测和分析。试验结果表明:涂层组织形貌呈典型的层状组织结构,由变形良好的带状粒子相互搭接堆积而成。涂层含有50.63%的非晶相,同时含有纳米级的晶相。涂层组织均匀、结构致密、孔隙率低,并且涂层硬度高达1040.5HV0.3,属硬质涂层,具有良好的热稳定性。     

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.4Mn1.5Cr0.1O4 and Li4Ti5O12

Spinel compound LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄ (LNMCO) and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) were synthesized by the sol-gel method and the solid-state method, respectively. The particle sizes of the products LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄ and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ were 0.5 to 2 um and 0.5 to 0.8 um, respectively. All samples exhibited excellent electrochemical properties. A LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LNMCO/LTO) cell was fabricated and was demonstrated to exhibit good electrochemical properties at the high current rate of 1 C. When the specific capacity was determined based on the mass of the LNMCO cathode, the LNMCO/LTO cell delivered 125 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 C and 77 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 C. The capacity retentions after 30 cycles were 94.4 % and 83.1 %, respectively.