永磁同步电机矢量控制系统的EKF无传感器控制策略

介绍了一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的永磁同步电机无传感器转子位置与速度估算方法,并以此为基础实现了永磁同步电机的无传感器矢量控制系统。通过测量流过电机定子电流和电机端电压在线估计电机转子的位置和速度,实现永磁同步电机的无传感器控制策略。仿真和实验结果验证了该方案的可行性及有效性。     

采用检测信号并考虑主磁链饱和的异步电机无传感器矢量控制

异步电机无速度传感器矢量控制需要通过由定子电压和电流建立的模型来计算磁链矢量和转速。如果磁链矢量的估计中存在误差，例如由电机模型参数不准确造成的误差，那么系统的稳定性就会出现问题。本文提出了一种考虑了主磁链饱和效应的方法来辨识磁链矢量甚至是在定子频率为零时的磁链。因此保证了全速和全转矩范围内的系统的稳定运行。     

PMSM无传感器初始位置检测及低速运行研究

目前,永磁同步电机(PMSM)无位置传感器运行研究受到广泛关注。文章采用一种基于高频方波信号注入的方法实现PMSM无位置传感器启动以及低速运行。首先详细分析了高频方波信号注入检测原理,然后对注入的高频方波信号以及电流采样模式进行了改进。在估计的两相旋转坐标系轴向注入频率等于逆变器开关频率的高频方波电压信号,通过巧妙的安排定子电流采样模式,根据检测到的定子电流并结合注入的方波电压信号即可获得转子位置信息;采用Luenberger观测器对转子位置信息进行观测,以获得较为平稳准确的电机转速和转子角度估计值;利用电机的磁路饱和特性,实现基于高频方波信号注入法的PMSM无位置传感器转子初始位置检测。所提出的改进方法不依赖于准确的电机参数,不需要使用任何滤波器,信号处理过程简单易实现。仿真结果验证了该方法的正确性。     

感应电机无速度传感器矢量控制低速的一种新型、稳定、基于MRAS的速度和定子电阻观测器

在一些文献中讨论到的基于MRAS的感应电机无速度传感器矢量控制方案存在着纯积分、不稳定以及低速下对定子电阻值较为敏感等问题。在本文中，我们设计出一种基于电流估计的新型、稳定的MPAS速度和定子电阻观测器。这些观测器不客是单独使用不是同时使用，在各种工作模式下都是稳定的，其设计程序遵循线性控制理论。仿真和实验结果证明了这些观测器的稳定性。     

民航雷达电机无速度传感器矢量控制设计

针对民航雷达电机无速度传感器矢量控制系统进行了研究,在(/dq)坐标系下建立异步电机的数学模型,利用电动机定子电压方程和电流方程,采用模型参考自适应辨识算法,建立了一个基于转子磁场定向的异步电机无速度传感器矢量控制系统,并利用Mat Lab/Simulink软件对该控制系统进行仿真。     

基于MRAS的异步电机无速度传感器的矢量控制

由于电机定转子参数的变化,利用一般的转子磁链对转速进行估算,将导致不能得到准确的结果。这里采用积分型转子磁链的参考和可调模型构建出一个基于MRAS的异步电机无速度传感器的矢量控制模型。该模型提高了矢量控制系统的动态性能并利用MATLAB,sIMULINK进行了异步电机无速度传感器矢量控制系统的仿真,验证了文中所采用的模型参考自适应的速度估算方法的可行性以及对参数误差的鲁棒性。     

感应电机离线参数辨识方法

在感应电机无速度传感器或矢量控制中,控制算法基于电机参数。电机参数可以通过空载和堵转实验测出。然而对机械装置和电机组合在一起的电机无法实现空载和堵转实验。本论文提出一种新的不需要使电机转动的感应电机参数辨识方法。本论文特点是:在感应电机静止状态下,施加低频交流电压测量,基于T型等效电路测量等效阻抗的虚部,据此计算转子电阻和互感。这是因为如果采用等效阻抗的实部计算,则定子电阻误差和电压死区时间将产生计算误差。实验证明本方法所得到的电机参数准确,可以用于电机的无速度传感器矢量控制驱动系统。     

基于模型参考自适应系统的感应电机控制

采用模型参考自适应法设计了无速度传感器矢量观测器。现以电压模型为参考模型,电流模型为可调模型,推算出速度信息,计算输出控制信号,实现了对感应电机的精确控制;通过Matlab／Simulink对其进行仿真、验证,结果表明,该系统对定子磁链观测精度高,速度估计准确,改善了电机的控制特性。     

电机控制应用方案（下）

采用MC68HC908MR24的低成本高效无传感器或直流无刷电机驱动因为三相直流无刷（BLDC）电机具有高效性能和易于控制的特性,是低成本高效率速度驱动系统很好的选择。这种电机实际中的缺点是电机相位交流依赖于转子位置。如果采用传感器来感知转子位置,则必须将传感信号传送给控制单元。这样,就要在电机上附加引线,而这在某些应用中是不允许的。因此,至少有二种理由要求取消位置传感器：1在传感器和控制单元之间加装附加连线的不可行性。2．位置传感器和连线的成本。第一点还可能利用将电机机体集成的方式来解决,然而很大一部分的应…     

基于EKF的异步电机直接转矩控制系统仿真研究

为了提高直接转矩控制(DTC)系统定子磁链估计精度,降低电流、电压测量的随机误差,提出了一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)实现异步电机转子位置和速度估计的方法.扩展卡尔曼滤波器是建立在基于旋转坐标系下由定子电流、电压、转子转速和其它电机参量所构成的电机模型上,将定子电流、定子磁链、转速和转子角位置作为状态变量,定子电压为输入变量,定子电流为输出变量,通过对磁链和转速的闭环控制提高定子磁链的估计精度,实现了异步电机的无速度传感器直接转矩控制策略,仿真结果验证了该方法的可行性,提高了直接转矩的控制性能.     

Online Stator and Rotor Resistance Estimation Scheme Using Artificial Neural Networks for Vector Controlled Speed Sensorless Induction Motor Drive

This paper presents a new method of online estimation for the stator and rotor resistances of the induction motor for speed sensorless indirect vector controlled drives, using artificial neural networks. The error between the rotor flux linkages based on a neural network model and a voltage model is back propagated to adjust the weights of the neural network model for the rotor resistance estimation. For the stator resistance estimation, the error between the measured stator current and the estimated stator current using neural network is back propagated to adjust the weights of the neural network. The rotor speed is synthesized from the induction motor state equations. The performance of the stator and rotor resistance estimators and torque and flux responses of the drive, together with these estimators, are investigated with the help of simulations for variations in the stator and rotor resistances from their nominal values. Both resistances are estimated experimentally, using the proposed neural network in a vector controlled induction motor drive. Data on tracking performances of these estimators are presented. With this speed sensorless approach, the rotor resistance estimation was made insensitive to the stator resistance variations both in simulation and experiment. The accuracy of the estimated speed achieved experimentally, without the speed sensor clearly demonstrates the reliable and high-performance operation of the drive     

一种新型永磁同步电机用无位置传感器控制算法

目前在永磁电机控制领域中，使用无位置传感器的电机调速方式获得了广泛的应用与发展。通过过去几十年的不懈研究，出现了多种无位置感应器控制算法，通常这些算法可以被归为两类，即仅适合于电机高速区使用的算法以及仅适合于电机低速区使用的算法，但是到目前为止，没有任何一种算法能够在电机的整个调速范围内都有效。本文提出了一种新型的融合了高速算法和低速算法优点的混合算法，该算法在电机的整个调速范围内都能有效的估算转子位置。     

DTFC-SVM motion-sensorless control of a PM-assisted reluctance synchronous machine as starter-alternator for hybrid electric vehicles

Permanent magnet-assisted reluctance synchronous machine (PM-RSM) starter alternator systems are credited with good performance for wide speed range in hybrid electric vehicles. This paper proposes a motion-sensorless motor/generator control of PM-RSM from zero speed up to maximum speed, using direct torque and flux control with space vector modulation. A quasioptimal stator flux reference with a flux versus torque functional is proposed. A stator flux observer in wide speed range uses combined voltage-current models for low speeds, and only the voltage model for medium to high speeds, both in proportional-integral closed loop. A novel rotor speed and position observer with a fusion strategy employs signal injection and only one D-module vector filter in stator reference for low speed, combined with a speed observer from the stator flux vector estimation-for medium-high speed. The proposed system is introduced piece by piece and then implemented on a dSpace 1103 control board with a 350-A metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor-pulse-width modulation converter connected to a 42-Vdc, 55-Ah battery, and a 140-Nm peak torque PM-RSM. Extensive experimental results from very low speed to high speed, regarding observers and drive responses, including artificial loading (motoring and generating), seem very encouraging for future starter-alternator systems.     

Sensorless vector and speed control of brushless motor drives

In the present paper an approach is presented to the speed control of permanent magnet synchronous motors without mechanical transducers. The rotor position, which is an essential component of any vector control scheme, is calculated through the instantaneous stator flux position and an estimated value of the load angle. A closed-loop state observer is implemented to compute the speed feedback signal. Experimental results on a laboratory tested motor drive are presented to validate the proposed procedure     

Speed-sensorless sliding-mode torque control of an induction motor

Novel induction motor control optimizing both torque response and efficiency is proposed in the paper. The main contribution of the paper is a new structure of rotor flux observer aimed at the speed-sensorless operation of an induction machine servo drive at both low and high speed, where rapid speed changes can occur. The control differs from the conventional field-oriented control. Stator and rotor flux in stator fixed coordinates are controlled instead of the stator current components in rotor field coordinates i_sd and i_sq. In principle, the proposed method is based on driving the stator flux toward the reference stator flux vector defined by the input command, which are the reference torque and the reference rotor flux. The magnitude and orientation angle of the rotor flux of the induction motor are determined by the output of the closed-loop rotor flux observer based on sliding-mode control and Lyapunov theory. Simulations and experimental tests are provided to evaluate the consistency and performance of the proposed control technique     

Design and control of a permanent magnet spherical wheel motor

We present a permanent magnet–based spherical wheel motor that can be used in omnidirectional mobility applications. The proposed motor consists of a ball‐shaped rotor with a magnetic dipole and a hemispherical shell with circumferential air‐core coils attached to the outer surface acting as a stator. Based on the rotational symmetry of the rotor poles and stator coils, we are able to model the rotor poles and stator coils as dipoles. A simple physical model constructed based on a torque model enables fast numerical simulations of motor dynamics. Based on these numerical simulations, we test various control schemes that enable constant‐speed rotation along arbitrary axes with small rotational attitude error. Torque analysis reveals that the back electromotive force induced in the coils can be used to construct a control scheme that achieves the desired results. Numerical simulations of trajectories confirm that even without explicit methods for correcting the rotational attitude error, it is possible to drive the motor with a low attitude error (<5°) using the proposed control scheme.     

基于空间矢量调制的电励磁同步电动机DTC研究

本文将空间矢量调制型直接转矩控制(SVM-DTC)策略引入到同步电动机控制系统中,利用优化的空间矢量组合实现了转矩、磁链误差的精确补偿,同时保证了功率器件开关频率恒定。研究了基于改进电压模型的电励磁同步电动机定子磁链计算方法以及转子励磁控制方式。最后使用Matlab/Simulink环境对所使用的方法进行了仿真验证。