FGH95合金铸锭均匀化处理工艺研究

采用热处理和等温压缩两种工艺对FGH95合金铸锭的均匀化处理进行了研究,分析了FGH95合金铸锭均匀化处理前后的枝晶组织变化及微区成分变化。结果表明:FGH95合金铸锭存在严重的枝晶偏析,经1170℃×20h均匀化处理或在1150℃等温压缩70%后,合金铸锭的组织和成分达到均匀化,铸锭内的枝晶偏析得以消除,并且1150℃等温压缩70%工艺比1170℃×20h工艺所得的组织更加细小,晶粒平均尺寸约为85.28μm。     

难变形高温合金GH4175铸态组织及均匀化工艺

采用热力学计算、光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析等方法对GH4175合金铸锭进行显微组织、析出相和元素偏析情况分析,并研究了均匀化处理过程中合金组织演变和元素再分配的变化规律.结果 表明:GH4175合金铸锭枝晶偏析严重,Nb、Mo、Ti元素偏聚于枝晶间,Nb元素的偏析最为严重,主要析出相为γ'相、M23C6、MC、Laves相及针状8相.合金铸锭在1150℃时出现低熔点相熔化现象,在1200℃时出现枝晶初熔.合金铸锭均匀化应采用低温预处理加高温扩散的两段式,经1140℃×10 h+1190℃×30 h均匀化处理后,合金中的有害低熔点相回溶,枝晶偏析基本消除,是比较合理的均匀化工艺.     

2219铝合金铸锭均匀化热处理工艺

通过对常规铸造与超声铸造2219铝合金铸锭进行分级均匀化处理,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射等方法分析对比了其铸态与均匀化态的成分及显微组织。结果表明：超声铸造工艺的采用可以显著降低铝熔体枝晶和成分偏析程度,并达到细化晶粒的效果;由于铸造组织晶界处存在Al2Cu非平衡相的偏聚,导致合金元素Cu、Mn、Fe在组织内分布不均匀。经455 ℃×20 h+530 ℃×20 h均匀化处理后,2219铝合金组织中的非平衡相（Al2Cu）逐渐溶解,但是合金中难溶AlCuMn、AlCuMnFe相的含量基本没有变化;且超声铸锭均匀化程度更高。     

Ni-Cr-Al基合金电渣重熔定向凝固铸锭的偏析行为及均匀化处理

采用电渣重熔(ESR)定向凝固(CDS)技术制备了Ni-Cr-Al基高温合金铸锭，对其元素偏析进行了观察分析，并对均匀化工艺进行了研究。结果表明，Ni-Cr-Al基合金铸锭组织均匀，一次和二次枝晶间距差别不大，平均二次枝晶间距及主要合金元素Al、Cr、Fe的偏析系数均小于传统ESR铸锭。Ni-Cr-Al基合金铸锭的最佳均匀化工艺为1150℃×15 h,经该工艺处理后，主要合金元素Al、Cr、Fe的偏析系数均趋于1.0,组织已无树枝晶形貌，γ′相更加细小且均匀分布，晶界碳化物呈分散颗粒状，有利于开坯锻造中的热加工塑性。     

GH141合金的凝固偏析特性及均匀化处理

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱分析仪分析了经真空感应+真空自耗冶炼的GH141合金自耗锭的铸态组织及凝固偏析特性,并研究了均匀化处理温度和时间对GH141合金微观组织、析出相、元素偏析情况的影响规律。结果表明,GH141合金铸锭存在明显枝晶偏析,Ti、Mo偏聚于枝晶间,Al、Co、Cr偏聚于枝晶干;枝晶间主要析出相为MC和M₆C+M₂₃C₆碳化物。在均匀化过程中,随着均匀化温度的升高和时间的延长,枝晶组织消除、碳化物回溶、偏析元素逐渐扩散均匀;经1190 ℃×48 h均匀化处理后,合金成分基本均匀,大部分碳化物已回溶。     

718Plus合金铸锭的元素偏析及均匀化工艺

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)等研究了镍基718Plus合金铸锭的组织特点、元素偏析规律及均匀化过程中枝晶间低熔点偏析相的回溶情况.结果 表明:在合金非平衡凝固过程中,Nb和Mo为易偏析元素,在枝晶间形成γ+Laves的共晶相.合金经1150℃×48 h的均匀化工艺处理后,偏析元素扩散均匀,Laves相的回溶情况较为理想,实验结果与利用残余偏析指数6的计算结果基本一致.     

Haynes230合金铸锭的均匀化工艺研究

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析了Haynes230合金铸态和均匀化处理后的显微组织和元素偏析规律,并建立了偏析指数与均匀化处理参数的关系;通过粉末X射线衍射确定了铸态合金碳化物的类型.分析结果表明:铸态Haynes230合金存在着严重的枝晶偏析,在1200 ℃均匀化处理24 h后,合金的组织和成分达到均匀,枝晶偏析得以消除.     

GH742铸锭偏析及均匀化过程中元素分布规律

为了揭示高合金化难变形GH742高温合金铸锭偏析规律及随后均匀化处理过程中元素分布规律，采用微观组织分析手段分析研究了该合金铸态和均匀化态的显微组织和元素的偏析情况：根据实验中偏析元素Nb，Ti的分布，讨论了偏析指数与工艺参数和材料参数的关系。研究结果认为：偏析指数的变化量舶在枝晶间距为80μm～120μm时减小量最大，并且在枝晶间距为120μm的条件下，合金在1160℃退火8h和16h的Nb元素的占计算值与实验值较符合。     

镍铝复杂黄铜均匀化组织及扩散动力学研究

为了消除Cu-Zn-Al-Ni合金铸锭中枝晶偏析及非平衡组织所带来的不利影响,分别对该合金进行900℃保温2～8h均匀化退火研究.结果表明,随保温时间的延长,合金的枝晶偏析及非平衡组织得以明显减少和改善,其硬度则随之逐渐升高并趋于稳定.同时在此基础上,对均匀化过程中的扩散行为进行研究,建立起相应的均匀化动力学方程,并确定了Al元素在该合金中的扩散激活能.经验证,实验与理论计算结果基本吻合,得出该合金较佳的均匀化退火工艺为900℃×6h.     

Ti50Ni47Fe3合金的铸态及均匀化热处理显微组织

采用真空感应法熔炼制备了Ti50 Ni47 Fe3合金铸锭,对合金铸锭进行了均匀化热处理,运用金相显微镜,XRD,带有EDS的SEM等手段进行显微组织分析.结果表明,Ti50 Ni47 Fe3合金的铸态显微组织由内到外依次呈不规则胞状、柱状和细长等轴状,主要原因为冷却速度不同导致合金的晶粒形核和长大存在差异.均匀化热处理一定程度上能消除枝晶偏析,1000℃下均匀化12 h后,合金枝晶偏析和析出相显著减少.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.