激光冲击法制备铜钨合金触头材料的组织及耐磨性能

为了提高铜钨合金的使用性能、细化组织、消除合金夹杂、微孔等缺陷,对铜钨合金进行激光冲击处理,分析了激光冲击法制备铜钨合金触头材料的显微组织及相结构,研究了其电导率和耐磨粒磨损性能。结果表明,激光冲击处理后,合金组织中的钨得到明显细化且均匀分布,由处理前超过100μm的大颗粒钨粉变成尺寸仅为4~7μm,冲击细化层厚度为1002μm;铜钨合金经过激光重熔处理后,相成分并没有改变,说明合金中的铜和钨在激光冲击处理过程中(Ar气氛保护)不发生化学反应,可以最大限度的保持原有的电学特性;激光冲击处理对电导率影响不大,可以满足使用要求;在相同磨损条件下,铜钨合金冲击层相对磨损速度较小,耐磨性较铜钨合金未处理试样提高1.55倍。     

激光重熔CuCr40-RE合金的组织及性能

为减小Cr偏析,提高CuCr40合金的使用性能,制备了添加稀土Ce的CuCr40合金,对激光重熔表面处理的合金组织和导电性、耐磨耐腐蚀性进行研究。结果表明,稀土Ce抑制Cr颗粒偏析,且随Ce含量增加,细化作用更显著;激光重熔处理大幅减小了合金中Cr颗粒尺寸,随稀土含量增加,组织更加均匀,孔隙率降低;重熔层中的相组成、晶粒取向不发生变化,电导率较CuCr40合金降幅不大,仍具有良好的电学特性;重熔层的摩擦系数较低,适当提高稀土Ce含量可改善重熔层的耐磨性;在1 mol/L H2SO4溶液条件下,CuCr40-0.3Ce合金重熔层的耐腐蚀性较CuCr40合金提高了0.7倍,CuCr40-0.6Ce合金重熔层的耐腐蚀性较CuCr40合金提高了1.5倍。     

激光表面处理CuCr50合金的显微组织及性能

目的：细化CuCr50合金的Cr相组织,提高组织均匀性。方法采用Nd：YAG脉冲激光器对CuCr50合金进行表面处理,并对激光处理后合金的显微组织（表面组织和截面组织）、导电性能、显微硬度、耐磨性等进行测试与分析。结果工艺优化后得到的实验参数为：激光功率500 W,峰值5.0 kW,扫描速度4 mm/s,激光频率6 Hz,激光脉宽5 ms,离焦量为+4 mm。在优化的工艺条件下,CuCr50合金经激光表面处理后,形成了致密的重熔层,Cr相的晶粒得到明显细化,合金的组织均匀性提高,表面孔洞减少。合金重熔层中的相组成未发生变化,合金的导电性略微降低,但仍保持了CuCr50合金优良的导电性能。重熔层显微硬度（425~540HV）明显提高,最高硬度为540HV,是基体显微硬度（约240HV）的2.25倍。重熔层的摩擦系数（0.3）远低于原始CuCr50合金（0.45）,重熔层的损失质量（0.15 mg）远小于原始CuCr50合金的损失质量（0.6 mg）,合金的耐磨性有明显的提高。结论 CuCr50合金在优化的工艺参数条件下进行激光表面处理,能够细化Cr相组织和提高整个合金的组织均匀性,提高合金的显微硬度与耐磨性能。     

W-Ni-Fe合金微观组织与冲击性能研究

在不同混料时间相同烧结工艺下制备了两件钨合金。采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜以及能谱技术对两件钨合金的微观组织以及成分进行了表征,并对其进行了冲击性能测试。微观组织观察表明两件钨合金晶粒形貌、尺寸差别不大,钨颗粒晶粒尺寸介于10⁵0μm。微区成分测试表明两件样品钨颗粒微区成分基本相同,而粘结相区差别较大。混料时间较长的钨合金粘结相区W元素含量较高,Ni、Fe、Co元素含量较低;而混料时间较短的钨合金微区成分正好相反。冲击韧性测试表明混料时间较长的钨合金冲击韧性明显降低。冲击断口显示混料时间较长的钨合金粘结相区撕裂棱较短,而混料时间较短的钨合金粘结相区撕裂棱较长。     

激光表面熔凝处理对共晶铝硅合金疲劳裂纹扩展的影响

研究了共晶铝硅合金在激光表面熔凝处理后的显微组织变化及激光表面熔凝处理对合金疲劳裂纹扩展的影响.结果表明,激光表面熔凝处理使试验合金的表层微观组织发生显著变化,熔凝层中的初生α-Al枝晶相和共晶Si相均有明显细化,熔凝层的硬度显著提高;在应力比R为0.1和0.5的试验条件下,激光表面熔凝处理能显著提高共晶铝硅合金的疲劳裂纹扩展抗力.     

激光表面熔凝处理对Mg_(67)Zn_(28)Ca_5合金显微组织和生物腐蚀行为的影响

通过激光熔凝处理对共晶成分的Mg_(67)Zn_(28)Ca_5合金进行了表面改性,研究了Mg_(67)Zn_(28)Ca_5合金激光熔凝处理前后的显微组织、相结构和元素分布以及在人工模拟体液中的耐生物腐蚀性能。研究结果表明,Mg_(67)Zn_(28)Ca_5合金经激光熔凝处理后,在合金的表层形成了平均厚度约508μm的熔凝层,熔凝层晶粒平均尺寸约10μm。与铸态和固溶态的合金相比,熔凝层在人工模拟体液中的腐蚀电位分别正移了76和60 mV;熔凝层的腐蚀速率分别降低了82%和78%。经激光熔凝处理后,合金表面的氧化膜也更为致密,提高了合金初期的耐腐蚀性能;MgZn_2相含量减少和第二相尺寸的减小,降低了电偶腐蚀,减缓了α-Mg基体相的腐蚀。     

GH4133镍基高温合金激光冲击强化研究

为了研究激光冲击强化技术在高温部件上应用的可行性,研究了GH4133镍基高温合金激光冲击后强化效果的热稳定性。分别采用激光冲击强化、激光冲击强化加保温的方法进行处理,并利用SEM、显微硬度和残余应力的测试方法分析了温度对激光冲击处理后GH4133材料微观组织和力学性能的影响。通过冲击强化后涡轮叶片的高温疲劳试验验证强化效果的热稳定性,并分析其高温下的强化机制。结果表明,激光冲击强化可以在GH4133镍基高温合金表层产生较大残余压应力,细化晶粒;并且在温度作用下,激光冲击GH4133合金形成的细化晶粒在析出相的钉扎作用下具有较好的热稳定性。另一方面残余压应力的应力集中减小,分布均匀。两者的共同作用提高了强化效果的热稳定性,有利于疲劳性能的提高。     

Y_2O_3添加对Cu-W合金显微组织和性能的影响

研究了Y2O3添加对Cu-W合金显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明,混合粉末经过裂解、还原后颗粒尺寸得到显著细化。随着Y2O3添加量的增加,烧结试样中钨相尺寸逐渐减小。Y2O3的含量为0.4%时组织中的钨相分布最为均匀,烧结颈形成良好。但随着Y2O3含量的继续增加,钨颗粒自身及Y2O3的团聚倾向均增加,组织中出现孔洞。且Cu-W合金的硬度、电导率均逐渐减小。     

新型Al-Ti-B-Sr复合中间合金线材的制备及其应用

以Al、K2TiF6、KBF4和Al-20Sr(质量分数,%)中间合金为原料,利用三步加料法和热挤压工艺制备Al-5Ti-1B-10Sr复合中间合金线材(d 9.5 mm)。该线材表面光滑,无气泡、起皮、裂纹等缺陷。组织结构分析表明:金属间化合物Al4Sr相为块状,平均长度为43.2μm,宽度为26.8μm,其内部或边缘存在许多孔洞和细缝;Al3Ti相呈颗粒状,平均直径为14.4μm;TiB2颗粒非常细小,平均尺寸为1.42μm,其中95.77%为尺寸≤1.97μm以下的颗粒。将该复合中间合金应用于Al-13Si合金的细化与变质处理后,合金基体的α(Al)晶粒得到明显细化,共晶Si相也由粗大的针状组织转变成细小的纤维状或颗粒状结构;同时,Al-13Si合金的硬度提高43.2%,达到96.5HB,细化和变质效果明显。     

铸态Cu-Al合金的组织细化

提出了一种采用深冷处理结合热处理细化铸态Cu-Al合金的工艺。结果表明,采用深冷处理后再经630℃保温3 min能有效细化铸态Cu-Al合金组织,使组织中的粒状ɑ相平均尺寸由38.96μm减小到11.57μm。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.