H13钢RE-N-C-S-V-Nb多元共渗成分优化

用RE-N-C-S-V-Nb盐浴多元共渗的方法对H13钢表面进行改性处理,形成了含有钒铌碳氮化物的高性能复合层.以多元共渗渗层厚度和显微硬度作为正交试验的参考指标,对多元共渗配方成分进行优化.根据正交试验中各因素水平对指标的影响结果得到最优的成分为:硼砂盐浴中,稀土质量分数5％,V2O5质量分数6％,Nb2O5质量分数6％;盐浴回火中,稀土质量分数1％,CNO-质量分数34％.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对多元共渗层的组成和显微结构进行了分析和研究,结果表明:共渗后试样表面形成了NbN、VN、NbC、V8 C7等高性能物相和组织,渗层厚度达100～120 μm且组织致密并呈弥散性分布.与常规氮化处理的试样比较,高温氧化增重速率缓慢仅为氮化处理的1/4,微裂纹出现在热疲劳循环2 000次以上.     

5CrNiMo钢热锻模具渗氮强化效果比较分析

采用多元共渗软氮化及稀土催渗软氮化两种渗氮方式对5CrNiMo钢热锻模具进行处理,利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪,以及HDX-100数字式显微硬度计分析模具表面强化层组织、相结构以及显微硬度,研究渗氮强化处理对5CrNiMo钢热锻模具表面性能和寿命的影响。实验结果表明,经过多元共渗以及稀土催渗两种方式处理的模具,表面强化层厚度相当,约为190μm,渗氮得到的化合物主要由ε相-Fe2-3(N,C),γ'相-Fe4N和Fe3O4所组成。经过多元渗氮软氮化处理的模具渗氮层中Fe2-3N的含量明显高于经过稀土催渗软氮化处理的模具,两种处理方式得到的模具表面硬度分别提高66%和50%。两种处理方式得到的模具寿命分别延长20%和13%,单件产品成本降低8.57%和0.89%。     

深层QPQ工艺参数对3Cr13钢渗层组织的影响

选用3Cr13马氏体不锈钢作为实验材料,利用深层QPQ盐浴复合处理处理技术,研究氮化温度、氮化时间和氰酸根浓度对QPQ复合处理后的渗层组织的影响.运用显微硬度计检测渗层的厚度和显微硬度值的变化,运用金相显微镜观察氮化后试样渗层的显微组织,检测化合物层的厚度和质量.结果表明:随氮化温度的升高或氮化时间的延长渗层深度增加;经630℃×2h氮化可形成深度高达97 μm的渗层组织;随氮化温度的升高,试样的表面硬度值在600℃后呈下降趋势,有疏松层的形成;氰酸根浓度对渗层的厚度影响显著,特别体现在扩散层的厚度上.而对试样表面硬度影响很小.     

38CrMoAl钢喷丸预处理与稀土催渗等离子多元共渗复合工艺研究

目的探索38CrMoAl喷丸预处理与稀土离子多元共渗复合强化新工艺的效果及其机理。方法通过设计正交实验筛选出最优处理工艺,在最优工艺参数条件下进行对比试验,分别测定渗氮后各试样的表面硬度及渗层厚度,观察其金相组织,利用SEM和能谱分析研究每组试样渗氮层的性能及产生原因。结果 38CrMoAl钢喷丸预处理与稀土催渗离子多元共渗的最优工艺参数为:渗氮温度540℃,氨气流量2.0 L/min,保温时间9 h。38CrMoAl钢试样的最大硬度为1221HV,渗层厚度为355μm。38CrMoAl钢试样的金相显微组织分析表明,喷丸预处理、稀土催渗对等离子多元共渗有促进作用,两者复合工艺的多元共渗作用效果大于单一稀土催渗和等离子多元共渗工艺。38CrMoAl钢试样渗层的能谱检测结果显示,复合处理工艺与单一处理工艺相比,在同一深度渗入的氮、碳、氧元素含量以及渗层深度均有明显提高。结论喷丸预处理与稀土催渗离子多元共渗工艺优于普通多元共渗和稀土多元共渗,喷丸和稀土的复合处理可以显著增强渗层厚度和渗入元素含量,有利于材料表面性能的提升。     

时间和粗糙度对4Cr5Mo2V钢离子氮化层高温磨损性能的影响

目的 提高4Cr5Mo2V钢离子氮化层的高温磨损性能.方法 以表面粗糙度(Ra)与氮化时间为变量,通过正交和单变量试验对4Cr5Mo2V钢进行离子氮化.使用显微硬度仪、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、高温摩擦磨损试验机分别表征4Cr5Mo2V钢离子氮化层的表面硬度、显微硬度梯度、有效厚度、疏松度、物相及高温磨损性能,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光学轮廓仪对渗层微观组织及高温摩擦磨损试样的磨损体积、磨痕形貌、截面形貌进行分析.结果 氮化6 h时,渗层表面硬度及有效厚度均随粗糙度增加而增大,但疏松度均在3—4级,渗层质量差且高温磨损性能不佳;氮化10 h时,离子氮化效果与氮化6 h时相反,且Ra为1.05μm的试样氮化层逐渐减薄至200μm,渗层疏松度进一步增加至5级;当氮化时间达到14 h时,Ra为0.15μm的试样获得质量最优的氮化层,其渗层有效厚度为300μm,显微硬度梯度为5级,渗层疏松度为1级,该试样在高温摩擦磨损试验下,磨损率比Ra为1.05μm的氮化试样低64％,高温磨损性能显著提高.结论 随着氮化时间的增加,表面粗糙度的增大会造成4Cr5Mo2V钢离子氮化层的减薄及疏松度的增加,使其高温磨损性能变差.表面粗糙度为0.15μm的4Cr5Mo2V钢经14 h氮化后,离子氮化层质量最佳,渗层的高温磨损性能有效提高.     

钛催渗盐浴氮碳共渗对H13表面性能的影响

研究了钛催渗对H13钢盐浴氮碳共渗的影响,分别就盐浴处理温度和时间等工艺参数对试样表面性能影响进行了研究。试验结果表明,钛催渗剂的多少对共渗层表面硬度具有显著影响,钛催渗可显著缩短盐浴处理时间,有效提高渗层厚度和硬度,能得到质量良好的渗层。     

35钢稀土快速盐浴渗氮技术及动力学分析

以35钢为材料,通过在盐浴中添加一定量稀土La进行快速稀土盐浴渗氮。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和显微硬度计对渗层的显微组织、渗层厚度和硬度进行了测试和分析。研究结果表明:稀土La对盐浴渗氮具有显著的催渗效果,并且当稀土La添加量为5%时化合物层达到最厚。同时稀土盐浴渗氮可大幅度提高35钢表面硬度,经过848 K×2 h、5%稀土La盐浴渗氮处理后35钢次表面硬度最高达到835 HV0.01。稀土La盐浴渗氮中氮的扩散激活能可以从常规盐浴渗氮的270 k J·mol-1降低到134 k J·mol-1,表明稀土La对盐浴渗氮具有明显的催渗作用。同时对稀土La快速盐浴渗氮的机理进行了分析。     

08Al钢低温盐浴氮碳共渗工艺的研究

研究了08Al钢的低温盐浴氮碳共渗工艺,利用扫描电镜观察氮化后的断面显微组织,检测了化合物层的厚度和质量,利用显微硬度计检测渗层的显微硬度。结果表明,试样在560℃氮化2.5h,所得化合物层较厚且致密,渗层均匀。     

QPQ盐浴复合处理对5CrMnMo钢的组织与性能影响

探讨了5CrMnMo钢的QPQ盐浴复合表面处理工艺,利用扫描电镜观察处理后的表层显微组织、检测氮化层厚度、分析氮化层质量;利用显微硬度计检测组织的显微硬度,并对不同的渗氮试样作磨损、耐腐蚀对比试验。结果表明:经QPQ处理的5CrMnMo钢具有组织均匀、结构致密的渗层,且具有很高的显微硬度、耐磨性以及强抗腐蚀性。     

W18Cr4V低温盐浴硅铬共渗工艺及渗层性能研究

对W18Cr4V钢试样离子渗氮后在900℃以下进行盐浴硅铬共渗，分析了复合渗铬层的成分、组织、相结构和力学性能，并将硅铬共渗试样与单纯渗铬试样进行了耐磨性对比实验。结果表明，低温盐浴渗铬中添加硅能够增加铬的扩散速度，有效增加渗铬层厚度，提高渗铬层硬度、耐磨性，从而获得更佳的渗铬效果。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.