不同活性污泥中菌群多样性及差异分析

采用Illumina MiSeq第二代深度高通量测序方法测定了5种不同活性污泥中的菌群多样性,通过稀释度曲线、丰度分布曲线、活性污泥中菌群组成分析、微生物群落的聚类树与条形图组合分析、主坐标分析(PCoA)等对5种不同活性污泥中的菌群差异进行了分析。结果表明,不同活性污泥中的优势细菌相似,但某些细菌的含量存在较大差异,如:正常污泥中浮霉状菌含量几乎是泡沫中的2倍,而正常污泥中放线菌含量不足泡沫中的一半;泡沫中WCHB1-60和Candidate division TM7的含量分别比正常污泥多1.3倍和3.2倍,而泡沫中硝化螺旋菌的含量仅仅是正常污泥中的1/5。表明,活性污泥中的菌群组成与环境相似度呈正相关,且细菌含量与活性污泥的状态密切相关。     

利用高效好氧生物反应器处理石化废水的中试研究

进行了高效好氧生物反应器处理石化废水的中试研究 ,考察了高效好氧生物反应器( HCR)的运行效果、抗冲击负荷性能以及污泥沉降性能等 ,并与水质净化厂三期一段的运行效果进行了比较。试验结果表明 ,该系统抗冲击负荷性能较强 ,且对 COD处理效果较好 ,但对 NH4+ - N的去除率不高 ;受进水水质影响 ,HCR反应器污泥沉降性能较差 ;采用 HCR反应器可大大减少占地费用 ,具有良好的经济效益     

接种初沉污泥快速启动活性污泥系统

经过对初沉池进水和初沉池出水的细菌总数进行DAPI染色计数,发现进水内绝大多数细菌都随初沉污泥沉淀.初沉污泥内含有大量适应原污水的有效微生物.试验采取初沉污泥作为接种污泥,并对接种初沉污泥启动活性污泥系统和不接种初沉污泥启动活性污泥系统进行对比研究,结果表明,接种初沉污泥,可以在9d内成功启动活性污泥系统,使得系统出水氨氮质量浓度和COD分别达到0.65 mg· L-1和47.6 mg·L-1,MLSS达到2 815 mg·L-1.初沉污泥可以作为一种廉价、易得、易于运行的接种污泥,对活性污泥系统进行快速启动.     

HCR工艺处理生活污水的影响因素研究

采用高效生物反应器(HCR)处理生活污水,考察了水力停留时间、容积负荷、温度和溶解氧对其去除效果的影响。结果表明,水力停留时间为3 h,DO质量浓度为3.5～4 mg/L,温度小于34℃时,HCR处理生活污水有良好的效果。和传统的活性污泥法相比,HCR工艺具有水力停留时间短、氧传递效率高和负荷高等特点。     

寡毛类蠕虫污泥减量工艺及其生长规律的研究进展

对近年来寡毛类蠕虫污泥减量工艺和寡毛类蠕虫生长繁殖规律的研究进展进行了系统评述. 除了种属以外,寡毛类蠕虫在活性污泥系统中的稳定存在、生长和繁殖直接影响到其对活性污泥的捕食和削减能力,其生长繁殖规律受到底物性质、环境因素、种群密度等因素影响. 现有研究大多采用表观污泥产率系数来衡量寡毛类蠕虫污泥减质效果,该方法易受到活性污泥工艺中多种因素的影响,且忽略了蠕虫对活性污泥的浓缩、团聚作用,不能准确反映寡毛类蠕虫的污泥减质效果. 而同位素示踪方法为寡毛类蠕虫污泥减质效果评价、筛选适于活性污泥系统的寡毛类蠕虫种属提供了一条新途径. 寡毛类蠕虫具有改善活性污泥沉降的性能,亦可考虑将其应用于污泥减容.     

磁活性污泥法在污水处理中的应用

磁活性污泥法是对传统活性污泥法的一种改良.相对于传统活性污泥法,磁活性污泥法减小了生物反应器占地面积、提高了处理负荷、改善了脱氮除磷效果、有效控制丝状菌污泥膨胀、降低剩余污泥产量.该文介绍了磁活性污泥法的技术原理及研究与应用进展,对磁活性污泥法存在的问题进行了初步探讨并对该技术的应用前景进行了展望.     

污水处理厂污泥固液分离新方法

<正> 在城市污水处理系统中,如何对沉淀污泥和剩余活性污泥进行适宜的处理,是一长期未解决的问题。目前在城市污水处理厂中,大多用如下方法对污泥进行处理。将沉淀污泥和剩余活性污泥排入浓缩池中,在重力作用下进行浓缩,再向浓缩污泥中加入混凝剂或高分子絮凝剂,以改善污泥的脱水性能,然后,用压滤机、真空过滤机、造粒脱水机、离心脱水机等脱水机械对加药污泥进行脱水处理。     

A/O技术处理碎煤加压气化污水工艺中污泥膨胀的恢复措施

针对某煤制天然气项目以A/O为主的污水处理工艺中出现的污泥膨胀现象,对污泥活性进行了复壮。通过投加絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺和硫酸亚铁,改善了活性污泥絮体;通过调整工艺参数,增强了活性污泥的反硝化能力。调整后的生化系统污泥膨胀现象得到有效改善,出水指标达到排放标准。     

活性污泥法生化池容积计算方法的使用体会

活性污泥法生化池容积常用的计算方法有污泥负荷法、容积负荷法和泥龄法,污泥负荷法和容积负荷法是传统的计算方法,虽然仍可使用,但已有一定的局限性。泥龄法在理论解释和设计参数取值的准确度方面都比污泥负荷法和容积负荷法更好,因此近年来使用越来越普遍。如何准确地计算生物处理系统活性污泥的产生量是泥龄法计算的关键,文中对此进行了介绍。     

二氧化氯氧化污泥减量试验研究

通过静态对比试验对ClO2对污泥的溶胞作用进行了研究,同时通过动态对比试验,考察了ClO2在活性污泥法污水处理系统进行污泥减量的能力以及对出水水质的影响。结果表明：ClO2对活性污泥具有溶胞作用,ClO2最佳投加量为每g干污泥10．0mg左右,ClO2氧化污泥后回流能使活性污泥处理系统1个月不排泥而曝气池的污泥浓度较为稳定,污泥减量率达到100％。实行ClO2氧化污泥减量后,系统的出水水质受到了一定的影响,出水CODcr由52mg／L上升到76mg／L,出水浊度和色度也相应地有所升高。     

Bound water in sewage sludges and its relationship to sludge surfaces and sludge viscosities

An examination of activated and digested sludges has shown that surface components are significant in determining the rheological characteristics of these sludges. On the basis of a series of enzymic treatments, it would appear that in activated sludge the most important constituents are polysaccharide and protein; whilst in digested sludge, lipopolysaccharide and, at times, proteins are the most significant surface polymers. Subsidiary studies showed that the bound water content of the sludges was associated with the rheology and that this association could be modified by the action of metal ions.     

Membrane filtration characteristics in membrane-coupled activated sludge system - the effect of physiological states of activated sludge on membrane fouling

The effect of sludge physiology on membrane fouling was investigated in a membrane-coupled activated sludge (MCAS) system. A series of ultrafiltrations were performed to assess the flux behaviors according to foaming potential, solids retention time (SRT), growth phase and nutrient condition of the activated sludge. The foaming sludge showed greater flux decline than the non-foaming sludge. The extraordinary increase, that is, more than 100 times in membrane fouling for the foaming sludge, was attributed to the hydrophobic and waxy nature of the foaming sludge surface, which was confirmed by a comparison with relative hydrophobicity. Membrane fouling tendency was increased as SRT decreased. A greater flux decline was observed at the endogenous phase than at the log growth phase. The activated sludge acclimated to the nitrogen deficient substrates produced less extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and exhibited higher flux than the control activated sludge. The quantitative measurements of EPS content in order to estimate the extent of membrane fouling in various activated sludges showed that, in any physiological states of activated sludge, the higher the content of EPS the activated sludge had, the greater the membrane fouling proceeded. The EPS content of activated sludge is suggested as a probable index for the membrane fouling in a MCAS system.     

The physico‐chemical characteristics of thermophilic aerobic sludges

An examination of the rheological properties of two aerobically digested sludges, one from an autothermal thermophilic digester (ATAD), the other from a thermophilic digester (TAD), showed that both sludges exhibited yield stresses which were an order of magnitude lower than activated sludges at similar solids' concentrations. However, their filtration characteristics, as measured by the capillary suction time method, were appreciably poorer than those of thickened activated sludge. Particle size analysis and microscopic examinations showed that both the thermophilic sludges contained a predominance of very small particles which would cause blinding of the filters. The surface charge carried by the thermophilic sludges was lower than that associated with activated sludge samples. These results are comparable with earlier work which showed that rheological properties were associated with surface charge. However, the bound water content of the thermophilic sludges did not appear to be associated with the yield stress. Live/dead staining showed that in both samples there were free‐swimming viable bacteria. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Operational Conditions of Activated Sludge: Influence on Flocculation and Dewaterability

Selected operational conditions of activated sludge are investigated in relation to their effect on flocculation and dewatering. Semi-continuous reactors with 2 -L volume were operated at different mean cell residence times, C/N ratios, and three different influent cations. Results show that MCRT, C/N ratio, and the cation type affect the bioflocculation capacity of activated sludge measured by the quantity of extracellular polymeric substances. As the MCRT value operated in the reactors and the C/N ratio of the influent wastewater increase, total amount of polymers produced increases. High MCRT values and low C/N values cause good dewatering of the sludge. All cations are shown to stimulate the EPS production in a way that the highest total EPS concentrations are observed at the highest cation dosages. The dewaterability of the sludges improves only with increasing calcium and magnesium concentrations and deteriorates with increasing potassium concentration.     

Operational Conditions of Activated Sludge: Influence on Flocculation and Dewaterability

Selected operational conditions of activated sludge are investigated in relation to their effect on flocculation and dewatering. Semi-continuous reactors with 2 -L volume were operated at different mean cell residence times, C/N ratios, and three different influent cations. Results show that MCRT, C/N ratio, and the cation type affect the bioflocculation capacity of activated sludge measured by the quantity of extracellular polymeric substances. As the MCRT value operated in the reactors and the C/N ratio of the influent wastewater increase, total amount of polymers produced increases. High MCRT values and low C/N values cause good dewatering of the sludge. All cations are shown to stimulate the EPS production in a way that the highest total EPS concentrations are observed at the highest cation dosages. The dewaterability of the sludges improves only with increasing calcium and magnesium concentrations and deteriorates with increasing potassium concentration.     

Effects of current density and electrode material on the dewaterability of the thickened activated sludge by electro‐flotation

BACKGROUND: Electro‐flotation (EF) could improve thickening and subsequent dewatering characteristics of activated sludge although the settling characteristics of the sludge were very poor. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of EF in the thickening and dewatering of activated sludge and the effects of current density and electrode material on the dewaterability of the sludge. RESULTS: The specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of the sludges thickened by EF was much lower than that by gravity sedimentation. The SRF of the thickened sludge decreased exponentially with increase of gas generation rate of the EF system. Gas generation rate could be controlled by varying the current density of the electrode. Degassing of the microbubbles by moderate mixing of the thickened sludge layer deteriorated the dewaterability of the sludge. Therefore, it is obvious that the gas bubbles entrapped in the thickened sludge play a key role in the observed dewaterability improvement. The effect of electrode material on the thickening and dewatering efficiency was trivial compared with the effect of current density of the electrode. CONCLUSION: The EF system was quite promising as an alternative to gravity sedimentation for thickening of activated sludge and the dewaterability was also improved by microbubbles generated in the system. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

HA—SBR工艺及其在啤酒厂废水处理中的应用

SBR（序批式活性污泥法）和HA—SBR（水解酸化一序批式活性污泥法）与普通活性污泥法相比,具有不产生污泥膨胀、处理效率高、运行可靠、耐冲击强等优点,备受人们关注。论文对SBR和HA—SBR法工作原理、工艺特点及主要影响因素进行了阐述,综述了两种工艺在啤酒废水处理中的应用进展,并展望了其发展前景。     

Performance evaluation of electrodewatering system for sewage sludges

A laboratory-scale electrodewatering system, incorporating an electric field as an additional driving force to conventional pressure dewatering, has been developed to decrease the water content of sludges generated in wastewater treatment. Consisting of a piston-type filter press, a power supply and a data acquisition system, the electrodewatering system’s performance was evaluated as a function of applied pressure, applied voltage, sludge type and filtration time. Experiments were carried out using sewage sludges with the electric field up to 120 V/cm and pressure ranging from 98.1 to 392.4 kPa. Electrodewatering involving a combination of electric field and pressure enhances both the dewatering rate and final dewatered volume. The final water content of sewage sludges in the electrodewatering system can be reduced to 62 wt%, as compared to 78 wt% achieved with the pressure filtration alone. The electrodewatering system shows the potential to be an effective method for reducing the water content in sludges.     

A comparative study of the sonication of anaerobic and activated sludges

Sonication was used to study the strength and structure of two activated sludges and a range of anaerobic sludge samples. Particle size analyses and turbidity measurements enabled the sludges to be ranked according to their aggregate strengths. This ranking was based on the floc strength constants of the samples and the critical energy values, above which no further disintegration occurred. Surface charge measurements confirmed previous structural models for activated and granular anaerobic sludges.