热压反应烧结法制备Al_2O_3/Ti_2AlC复合材料及其微观结构和性能

以Ti、Al和活性炭粉为原料,通过高能球磨及热压反应烧结法在1200℃合成Al2O3/Ti2AlC复合材料,即是在Ti2AlC层状材料的制备过程中同时被合成。研究了烧结温度对反应产物的影响,并重点分析了材料微观结构和性能的关系。结果表明:高能球磨使Ti2AlC的烧结温度降低,热压烧结在1200℃时得到了物相比较均匀、致密的Al2O3/Ti2AlC复合材料;同时分析材料微观结构,少量Al2O3的引入抑制了Ti2A1C晶体的异常长大,使得晶粒细小且均匀。力学性能测试表明,该材料室温抗弯强度可达275.4MPa,断裂韧度可达10.5MPa.m1/2,密度为4.2g/cm3。     

分步法制备MoS2/Ti3SiC2层状复合材料

研究了采用分步法制备MoS2/Ti3SiC2层状复合材料的工艺,其制备过程分2步进行.首先制备Ti3SiC2高纯粉,再在1 400℃,30 MPa条件下热压烧结制备MoS2/Ti3SiC2层状复合材料.其MoS2含量分别为2%,4%,6%,8%(w/%).用XRD分析比较4种不同MoS2含量的烧结试样的相组成,并测试维氏硬度和电导率.实验结果表明,当MoS2含量为4%时,MoS2/Ti3SiC2烧结试样的硬度达到7.83 GPa,且电导率达到10.05×106 S·m-1.MoS2含量再增加时,烧结试样的硬度有所增大,但电导率有所下降.     

热压烧结Ti2AlC粉体的研究

以自蔓延高温合成（又称燃烧合成）的Ti2AlC粉体为原料，研究了不同热压温度对Ti2AlC粉体的烧结影响。实验结果表明，热压烧结Ti2AlC粉料可得到致密Ti2AlC陶瓷，在压力25MPa，保温2h的条件下，理想热压烧结温度为1400℃，热压温度〉1450℃时Ti2AlC会发生分解，并出现Ti2AlC2相；烧结温度为1400℃时Ti2AlC烧结体理论相对密度为98．1％，维氏硬度4．14GPa，断裂韧性7.86MPa·m^1/2；烧结样品的密度和断裂韧性随烧结温度升高而增大，其微观晶粒片状尺寸随烧结温度的升高而增大。     

原位合成(TiB_2+TiC)/Ti_3SiC_2复相材料及其性能研究

在热力学分析的基础上,以TiH2粉、Si粉、石墨粉与B4C粉为原料,采用热压烧结法原位合成制备了(TiB2+TiC)/Ti3SiC2复相材料.采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜与透射电镜对材料的物相组成和显微结构进行了表征,研究了烧结温度对材料物相组成、烧结性能、力学性能与显微结构的影响.结果表明,1400～1600℃烧结温度范围内均能获得致密的(TiB2+TiC)/Ti3SiC2复合材料.随着烧结温度的升高,复合材料的强度、断裂韧性与显微硬度均逐渐提高,1500～1600℃烧结所得复合材料具有优化、微细的显微结构,抗弯强度与断裂韧性均分别高于700MPa与9MPa·m1/2,显微硬度为7.33～8.31GPa.原位合成的柱状TiB2与等轴状TiC协同作用,通过颗粒增强、裂纹偏转、晶粒拔出、晶粒细化等机制对Ti3SiC2基体起到了显著的补强增韧效果.     

SHS／PHIP法制备Ti3AlC2陶瓷的力学性能

测试了用SHS/PHIP法制备出Ti3AlC2陶瓷的弯曲强度、断裂韧性、维氏硬度以及压缩性能.实验结果表明,用SHS/PHIP法制备出的Ti3AlC2陶瓷具有较高的室温弯曲强度(330.8MPa)、断裂韧性(5.7MPa·m1/2)和较低的维氏硬度(2·9GPa).Ti3AlC2陶瓷的室温变形抗力为823MPa,并且变形温度越高,变形抗力越小,塑性特征越明显.较低维氏硬度和良好的力学性能赋予了用SHS/PHIP法制备出Ti3AlC2陶瓷非常好的加工性能.     

放电等离子合成Ti3AlC2-TiB2复合材料的相形成研究

采用放电等离子烧结工艺,以Ti,Al,B4C,Tic为原料制备Ti3AlC2/TiB2复合材料.通过X射线衍射分析了从600℃到1 300℃Ti3AlC2/TiB2系统反应过程的相形成规律.用扫描电镜观察了不同温度下试样的显微组织演变.结果表明,在900℃之前,主要的反应是Ti和AJ反应生成Ti-A1金属问化合物,900℃之后,Ti-Al金属问化合物与TiC逐渐生成Ti3AlC2和TiB2相,形成致密Ti3AlC2/TiB2复合材料.     

原位合成TiB2-TiC0.8-SiC复相陶瓷的微观组织与性能研究

利用热压烧结方法原位合成了TiB2-TiC0.8-SiC复相陶瓷。通过光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对材料物相组成和微观结构进行表征。研究了热压条件下烧结温度对材料物相组成、结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:烧结温度在1700-1950℃范围内,随着温度的升高,材料的致密度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性都有显著改善。烧结温度为1900℃可得到完全致密的原位合成TiB2-TiC0.8-SiC复相陶瓷,材料的晶粒发育比较完善,条状TiB2和块状TiC0.8晶粒清晰可见。复合材料的维氏硬度、断裂韧性和弯曲强度分别达到23.6 GPa,(7.0±1.0)MPa.m1/2和470.9 MPa。当温度达到1950℃时,由于增强相TiB2晶粒长大,材料的强度降低。TiB2、TiC0.8与SiC颗粒协同,通过裂纹偏转、晶粒拔出、晶粒细化等机制对复合材料起到颗粒增强增韧的作用。     

浸渗法制备双连续TiB2/(Cu,Ni)复合材料的组织和性能

用高温粉末烧结结合自发浸渗法制备高TiB2含量(体积含量约为86%)的双连续TiB2/(Cu,Ni)复合材料,研究了不同陶瓷体积含量多孔材料对TiB2/(Cu,Ni)复合材料微观组织和力学性能的影响.采用XRD和SEM分析了复合材料的相组成和微观结构,用三点弯曲试验测试了复合材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性.结果表明:经过预制坯高温烧结后自发熔渗金属是制备致密的双连续TiB2/(Cu,Ni)复合材料的有效方法,复合材料的致密度和力学性能得到显著提高;当TiB2陶瓷体积含量为81.6%以及浸渗温度为1500℃条件下,TiB2/(Cu,Ni)复合材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别达到640.5 MPa和9.37 MPa·m1/2,相对密度为98.4%.     

Ti_2AlC/Al_2O_3复合材料的原位合成及其力学性能

以Ti、TiC、Al和TiO2为原料,通过原位热压反应烧结法在1 350℃合成Ti2AlC/Al2O3复合材料。利用XRD详细研究了其反应过程,并分析了Al2O3对材料微观结构和性能的影响。结果表明,该体系在热压过程中的反应分多步进行,主要包括Ti粉与Al粉反应生成Ti-Al金属间化合物,TiO2与Al反应生成Al2O3以及Ti-Al金属间化合物与TiC反应生成Ti2AlC材料。原位反应生成的Al2O3均匀分布在Ti2AlC晶界上,抑制了Ti2A1C晶体的异常生长,从而使基体相Ti2AlC晶粒细小、均匀。力学性能测试表明Ti2AlC/12%(质量分数)Al2O3复合材料的硬度、抗压强度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性较Ti2AlC单相材料分别提高了66%,126%,130%和19.3%,并分析了其改性机理。     

添加TiB2对Ti-B-C复相陶瓷性能的影响

在1800℃,35MPa的条件下热压烧结B4C/Ti(摩尔比1:3),得到了TiB2/TiC陶瓷材料.材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别为454MPa和8.4MPa·m1/2.当材料中添加不同含量的TiB2时,发现显微结构中有棒晶出现,经X射线分析为TiB2.添加5%(体积比)TiB2时,复合材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别高达540MPa和10.8MPa·m1/2;而添加20%TiB2时,复合材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性下降到357MPa和8.19MPa·m1/2.经扫描电镜观察,添加5%TiB2的材料中棒晶数量明显,长度在10～40μm,气孔较少;而20%TiB2材料中的棒晶发育不充分,数量较少,并且存在大量的气孔.这说明一定数量的添加剂可以促进棒晶的生长和发育.原位形成的棒晶,使材料起到了自增韧的效果,大幅度提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

VLE data for CO2-CF2Cl2, N2-CO2, N2-CF2Cl2 and N2-CO2-CF2Cl

Knowledge about vapour-liquid (VLE) is required as a basis of reliable calculations for separation processes. Correlations available for the prediction of T, p, x, y data are less accurate for mixtures at high pressures and mixtures containing supercritical components. The results of VLE experiments are reported and compared with data calculated with equations of state.     

Preparation of ZrO2-CeO2 and HfO2-CeO2 nanopowders

We prepared weakly agglomerated powders of ZrO₂-CeO₂ and HfO₂-CeO₂ solid solutions 5–8 nm in particle size, consisting of monoclinic and tetragonal phases. After heat treatment at 1200°C, the crystallite size was 30 and 14 nm, respectively. We also examined the effect of precipitate freeze drying on the crystallization of hafnia-based solid solutions containing up to 20 mol % CeO₂.     

Thermal diffusion in binary mixtures H2-CCl2F2 and H2-CHClF2

Thermal diffusion coefficients were measured in two gaseous mixtures, in which one component was close to the critical temperature, in the pressure range (19.6–127.4)·10⁴ N/m² and at a freon concentration of 0.25–0.8.     

Comparison of the Electronic Structures of La2CuO4, Sr2CuO2Cl2, and Sr2CuO2F2

First-principles cluster calculations are reported of the local electronic structure of the three compounds: La₂CuO₄, Sr₂CuO₂Cl₂, and Sr₂CuO₂F₂. The copper ${\text{3d}}_{x^2 - y^2 } $ and the planar oxygen 2p _σ atomic orbitals exhibit a similar degree of covalency. The out-of-plane orbitals, however, are quite different with the ${\text{3}}d_{3z^2 - r^2 } $ atomic orbital lowered significantly in energy for chlorine and fluorine apical positions.     

Radial GRIN glasses in Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 systems

A series of GRIN glass rods have been developed in Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 systems. Negative radial refractive index profiles were generated by exchanging Na+ for Li+ ions in these glass rods. It has been observed that TiO2 plays a vital role in increase in the profile depth and maximum change in the refractive index because of its ambivalent nature. Change in the refractive index can be further increased by increasing the concentration of exchanging cation in the base glass.     

Elastic and Electronic Properties of Superconducting CaPd 2 As 2 and SrPd 2 As 2 vs. Non-superconducting BaPd 2 As 2

The first-principles calculations were performed to predict the elastic and electronic properties of the superconducting ThCr₂Si₂-type phases CaPd₂As₂ and SrPd₂As₂ in comparison with the non-superconducting CeMg₂Si₂-type phase BaPd₂As₂. Besides, the same properties were compared for CeMg₂Si₂- and ThCr₂Si₂-type polymorphs of BaPd₂As₂. We found that all these phases are mechanically stable and belong to soft materials with low hardness. The near-Fermi region is formed by the valence states of the blocks [Pd₂As₂] with decisive contributions of Pd 4d states. The values of N(E _F) increase in the sequence: CaPd₂As₂ < SrPd₂As₂ < BaPd₂As₂, i.e. in the reverse sequence relative to the transition temperatures T _C. Thus, the change in T _C cannot be explained by the electronic factor, i.e. by the simple correlation T _C～N(E _F). Most likely the decrease in T _C in the sequence CaPd₂As₂ → SrPd₂As₂ and the absence of a superconducting transition in BaPd₂As₂ are related to the structural factors and the peculiarities of the electron–phonon coupling mechanism.     

Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3和Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO系统的亚固相关系

本文给出了 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3和 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统的亚固相图。实验结果表明:在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统中有一个未知结构的新化合物 CaO·Si_2N_2O,在3CaO·Si_2N_2O 和3CaO·Al_2O_3两化合物之间形成连续立方固溶体。而 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3系统中则没有发现新化合物。在两个系统的富 Si_2N_2O区,过量的 Si_2N_2O 与 La_2O_3和 CaO 分别反应形成 Si_3N_4与 La_(10)[SiO_4]_(?)N_2(H-相)(和 CaSiO_3。所研究的这两个三元系统中,分别形成了如下几个四元相容性区。在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3系统内有:H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·Si_2N_2O-La_2O_3·Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·Al_2O_3-La_2O_3·11 Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·11 Al_2O_3-Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-Al_2O_3-O′s.s;H-Si_3N_4-O′s.s-Si_2N_2O在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统内有:Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-CaO·Si_2N_2O-3CaO·Al_2O_3;Si_3N_3-CaSiO_3-3CaO·Al_2O_3-2CaO·Al_2O_3·SiO_(?);Si_(?)N_(?)-CaSiO_3-2CaO·Al_2O_3·SiO_2-Al_2O_3;Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-Al_2O_(?)-O′s.s;Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-O′s.s-Si_(?)N_(?)O