粉末冶金NiFe_(19)Al_(25)合金的组织与性能研究

用粉末冶金技术制备Ni-Fe-Al合金,将Ni、Fe、Al的元素粉与预合金粉等量混合后在500MPa下压制成形,于1280℃的温度烧结后进行热处理,对合金烧结态和淬火态进行密度、力学性能检测及X射线衍射分析、断口形貌及微观组织观察。结果表明:NiFe19Al25合金烧结态为(β+γ)双相组织,合金的密度达6.54g/cm3(相对密度为94.0%),抗拉强度达到771MPa,形变量为5.3%;合金淬火态处于(β′+γ)双相区,具有马氏体结构的NiFe19Al25合金在应力作用下呈现出线性超弹性,抗拉强度达到761MPa,形变量高达8.1%,最高形变恢复量超过4%。     

粉末冶金钛合金SP-700的制备

以Ti、Fe、Mo元素粉及60A140V中间合金粉为原料,通过混料、模压和真空烧结,制备粉末冶金SP-700钛合金,系统研究粉末原料、压制压力及烧结温度等工艺参数对合金相对密度、组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随着压制压力增加,SP-700压坯与烧结体的相对密度均提高;用平均粒度低、氧含量高的Ti粉为原料制备的压坯密度低,而烧结体密度高;烧结温度升高使烧结体密度略微增大。SP-700烧结体组织为晶界和晶内旺层片分布在β基体上;烧结体的性能受粉末原料及烧结温度的强烈影响。与Ti-6Al-4V合金相比,SP-700具有更加细小的组织和更优异的性能。制备SP-700烧结体的最佳工艺以及制品的性能参数为：采用低氧钛粉（0．15％O,平均粒度为73．6μm）,在500MPa压力下压制成形、在1260℃真空烧结5h;相对密度达96．3％,抗拉强度为1008MPa,屈服强度为931MPa,伸长率达4.3％。     

粉末冶金Ti6Al4V合金的研制进展

Ti6Al4V合金具有良好的力学性能和广阔的应用领域.该文作者在阅读大量新、老文献的基础上,综述了采用传统粉末冶金法和粉末冶金新技术制备Ti6Al4V合金的历史及现状,并将粉末冶金Ti6Al4V合金的力学性能与相应的铸造和锻造合金性能进行对比.结果表明,采用传统和新的粉末冶金技术制备Ti6Al4V合金,都能在降低成本的同时,使合金性能满足应用要求;随着近净成形技术的发展,制品性能和成本都将进一步优化.还对粉末冶金法制备多孔Ti6Al4V材料的研究进展进行了论述,认为粉末冶金法能进一步扩大Ti6Al4V合金在医学领域的应用范围.     

压制方式和烧结工艺对置氢Ti6Al4V粉末烧结体组织和性能的影响

采用磁脉冲成形和模压成形2种方法对置氢Ti6Al4V粉末进行轴向压制,然后在保护气氛下烧结,研究压制方式和烧结工艺对烧结体真空退火后组织/性能的影响.结果表明:磁脉冲压实的不同氢含量粉末坯体烧结并真空退火后的相对密度、硬度和抗压强度分别比传统模压500 MPa下压制的高8%～13%、9～17 HRA和254～1033M...     

生物医用Ti6Al4V合金粉末注射成形工艺研究

钛及钛合金具有高比强度、低弹性模量、优良的耐蚀性和绝佳的生物相容性,但较差的加工性能大大限制了其应用范围。钛及钛合金金属粉末注射成形工艺克服了机加工、模压等传统加工工艺的缺点,结合传统粉末冶金和注塑成型的优势,实现了结构复杂的钛及钛合金产品低成本、大批量近净成形,提高了材料利用率。本文利用水溶性黏结剂和粉末粒度为16 μm和22 μm的商用球形Ti6Al4V合金粉制备了注射料和相应的试样,通过实验确定了气氛热脱黏结合真空烧结的最佳工艺,基于该工艺制备得到了两种注射料的烧结试样。结果表明:粉末粒度为16 μm注射料烧结件杂质含量未能满足外科植入用金属注射成形Ti6Al4V组件标准;粉末粒度为22 μm注射料烧结件物理化学性能如下,极限拉伸强度880 MPa,屈服强度830 MPa,延伸率13.2%,相对密度96.8%,氧质量分数为0.195%,氮质量分数为0.020%,碳质量分数为0.022%,该试样整体性能满足外科植入用金属注射成形Ti6Al4V组件标准。     

Ti-1023合金加工与性能的关系

Ti—10V—2Fe—3Al 合金可在较大范围内得到不同强度和韧性的匹配,它取决于锻造和热处理工艺的选择。本文着重研究了锻造温度、变形程度、锻后冷却速度和热处理制度对合金组织性能的影响,以求寻找充分挖掘材料性能潜力并使强度—塑性—韧性得到最佳配合的热加工工艺。     

锻造温度对含钼粉末热锻合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

采用粉末热锻工艺制备Fe-1C-2Cu-xMo (x=0.50, 0.85, 1.46, 质量分数)合金, 分析锻造温度和Mo质量分数对烧结态及锻造态合金密度、显微组织、静态力学性能和动态摩擦性能的影响。结果表明: 锻造工艺能够有效提高材料密度, 锻后合金相对密度可达到98.5%, 锻态合金组织主要由贝氏体、马氏体和残余奥氏体组成。合金硬度随Mo质量分数的增加而提高, 随锻造温度的升高先降低后提高, 1050 ℃锻造Fe-1C-2Cu-1.46Mo合金硬度可达HRB116.38。Mo质量分数和锻造温度共同影响合金横向断裂强度, 1000 ℃锻造Fe-1C-2Cu-0.50Mo合金强度最高可达2608MPa, 合金断裂方式为韧脆混合型断裂。材料动态摩擦性能随Mo质量分数的增加显著提升, 当锻造温度为950 ℃且Mo质量分数为1.46%时, 材料的摩擦系数仅为0.088, 明显低于其他材料且波动较小。     

热处理对铸态Ti48Al2Cr2Nb1B合金组织和性能的影响

经真空自耗凝壳炉浇注得到Ti48Al2Cr2Nb1B合金试棒,通过显微组织观察和力学性能测试,研究了淬火及时效工艺对Ti48Al2Cr2Nb1B合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,通过淬火+时效处理可以提高铸态Ti48Al2Cr2Nb1B合金的抗拉强度,但对其塑性的影响作用有限。经1 380℃×30 min/QC+1 240℃×6 h/AC处理后,Ti48Al2Cr2Nb1B合金可以获得均匀细小的双态组织,室温抗拉强度最高。     

TiH_2粉末制备钛合金的组织与力学性能

以TiH_2粉末为原料,分别在1 100、1 150和1 200℃进行真空烧结,制备粉末冶金纯Ti以及Ti-6Al-4V与Ti-5Al-2.5Fe合金,研究烧结温度对合金密度、微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随烧结温度升高,钛和钛合金的密度均逐渐提高,拉伸性能明显提升。在1 200℃真空烧结后,纯Ti的相对密度达98.1%,抗拉强度和伸长率分别为501 MPa和11.3%;Ti-6Al-4V的相对密度为96.2%,抗拉强度和伸长率分别为968 MPa和8.1%;Ti-5Al-2.5Fe的相对密度为96.2%,抗拉强度和伸长率分别为867 MPa和6.7%。这3种材料的拉伸断口均出现大量韧窝,为韧性断裂的断口特征。以TiH_2粉末为原料制备的钛合金强度和伸长率均达到钛合金的标准性能要求。     

Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al合金的高温变形行为

Ti-6Al－4V合金的热加工性能好，但冷加工性能差，没有机械加工就难以制成高精度产品．而卢钛合金在固溶态的户单相具有优良的冷加工性，通过时效处理拆出。相，可得到比Ti-6Al－4V更高的强度，如Ti－15V－3Cr－3Sn－3Ai（Ti－15－3）合金经轧制、锻造已用于航空部件、高尔夫球     

Directional Hot Isostatic Pressing of Ti6Al4V–SiC Composite with Elements Prepared by Selective Laser Melting Technology

Metallurgist - The process of directional hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of Ti6Al4V-SiC composite is studied in this work. Samples of locally reinforced titanium alloy Ti6Al4V billet are selected,...     

Investigation of the electrochemical corrosion properties of high-energy milled Ti6Al4V alloy in simulated body fluid environment

In this study, the electrochemical corrosion properties of high-energy milled Ti6Al4V alloy are investigated. The Ti6Al4V alloy is produced by high-energy milling at different milling times in mechanical milling device as 15–120?min. Produced alloy powders are cold-pressed under 620?MPa pressure and sintered at 1300°C temperature and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, hardness and density measurements. Corrosion tests are conducted in simulated body fluid at 37°C body temperature. Results showed that the average particle size of the powder is reduced, and the hardness of the alloy is increased with the increasing milling time. It is determined that the corrosion properties of the alloys change by the high-energy milling time, and the corrosion rate increases by the decreasing particle size of the powder. SEM examination of the corroded surfaces after potentiodynamic polarisation tests revealed that pitting formation tendency of the alloys on the alloy surface increases by the increasing high-energy milling time.     

Microstructural investigation of as cast and PREP atomised Ti–6Al–4V alloy

Abstract

A microstructure characterisation of Ti–6Al–4V is conducted for cast, extruded and micrometre sized particles. The plasma rotating electrode process is used to produce spherical Ti–6Al–4V powders from an alloy electrode. The process parameters and their impact on the material properties are described. The effects of electrode rotation speed on the particle size distribution, particle shape and crystal structure are investigated in detail. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy are used for microstructural characterisation. The analysis shows that cast and extruded Ti–6Al–4V alloys have equiaxial α and α+β phase structures, while plasma rotating electrode processed powder from the same alloy compositions has an acicular or martensitic (α) structure. The microstructure scale depends on the particle size. Microhardness measurements are used to assess mechanical property dependence on the microstructure of this alloy. The rapidly cooled alloy particles have much higher hardness than cast or extruded bulk alloy.     

外科植入物用纯钛及其合金

主要介绍了外科植入物用新型钛合金的研究进展。到目前为止,研究出的外科植入物用钛合金从研究的时间顺序上可分为：（1）纯钛,Ti-6Al-4V合金;（2）Ti-6Al-7Nb合金（瑞士）,Ti-5Al-2.5Fe合金（德国）;Ti-2.5Al-2.5Mo-2.5Zr(TAMZ)合金（中国）;（3）新型β钛合金。概述了这些合金的研究现状、性能特点及其应用前景,并提出 了今后的发展方向。     

Anisotropy of mechanical properties of products manufactured using selective laser melting of powdered materials

Causes of the appearance of anisotropy of properties in products manufactured according to the technology of selective laser melting of metallic powder materials are investigated. The results of an evaluation of mechanical properties of the samples made of Ti–6Al–4V and VT6 titanium-based alloys and Inconel 718 refractory nickel alloy in various directions are presented. The dependence of their mechanical properties on the orientation of billets relative to the working platform of the installation is presented. An analysis of microslices of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy showed that the direction of the granular structure for a rectangular sample corresponds to the growth direction, while, when manufacturing thin elements of a net construction, other thermal processes flow due to their smaller cross section, which affects the crystallization conditions and microstructure being formed. Grain directions and shapes change depending on the slope angle of the element of the net structure.     

Distinguishing the influence of aluminium and vanadium additions on microstructural evolution and densification behaviour during the sintering of ti6Al,ti4V and ti6al4v

In this work, the influence of pure Al (Ti6Al) and V (Ti4?V) powder additions on the sintering behaviour of a coarse CP-Ti powder compact was investigated. Pure Al melts and spreads to form intermetallic layers at the CP-Ti surface, causing swelling and prevention of sintering and shrinkage below 1050°C. Ti4?V compacts do not swell and begin to sinter at 990°C. The sinter rate for both Ti4?V and Ti6Al are similar at 1200°C and higher than the CP-Ti compact alone. Aluminium melting distributes this element better than the dispersed V particles, leading to more rapid homogenisation. When both pure Al and V are present (Ti6Al4?V), the sintering rate at 1200°C is similar to that of Ti6Al and Ti4?V. However, swelling is increased and homogenisation is slower, resulting in a reduced sintering aid effect compared to Ti6Al and Ti4?V.     

元素粉末法制备TiAl基合金

详细综述了采用元素粉末法制备TiAl基合金的机理研究,工艺方法及材料性能。元素里,则在一定温度下的反应合成主要由扩散控制,包括产生TiAl₃相和TiAl₂相的中间化过程。由元素粉末制备TiAl合金的工艺方法有Ti,Al元素粉末的反应烧结、热压或热等静压、热爆合成、元素Ti、Al箔片的反应合成等。采用这些方法制备的TiAl基会金具有均匀、细小的组织,但其力学性能受氧含量及孔隙的严重影响。.     

钛与钛合金的低成本清洁制备新技术

提出了多级深度热还原的理念,发明了镁热/铝热自蔓延-深度多级还原制备钛与钛合金的关键技术,成功制备出纯度为99.69%高纯还原钛粉,Ti6Al4V合金粉：Ti:89.5-90.2%、Al:5.85-6.57%、V:3.90-4.17%,氧含量<0.15%;制备出20kg级规模的TiAl合金铸锭,Ti/Al原子比为1:1,氧含量为0.09%。成果已在山东傅山集团成功转化应用,500t/a还原钛粉工业示范线于2018年12月08日试车成功,可使金属钛与钛合金的生产成本降低30%以上,项目的推广应用为钛材低成本清洁利用奠定工业化基础。     

Fatigue strength of a Ti–6Al–4V alloy produced by selective laser melting

The fatigue properties and the fracture mechanisms of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy produced by selective laser melting (SLM) from a powder of an CL41TiELI titanium alloy have been studied. Cylindrical blanks were grown at angles of 90° and 45° to a platform. The best fatigue strength is observed in the samples the blanks of which were grown at an angle of 45°. It is found that the structure of the SLM material can contain portions with unmelted powder particles, which are the places of initiation of fatigue cracks.     

低成本高性能粉末冶金钛合金

粉末冶金是短流程制备低成本、高性能钛及钛合金的有效方法。低成本氢化脱氢（HDH）钛粉可用于制备粉末冶金钛合金制件，但由于受间隙原子含量高、烧结致密度低和微观组织粗大等因素影响，使粉末冶金钛制品的组织性能优势得不到发挥。实验采用氢化脱氢钛粉—冷等静压—真空烧结的技术路线制备了Ti-6Al-4V烧结坯，间隙原子含量低（O<0.16 wt.%, N<0.05 wt.%, H<0.015 wt.%），具有均匀细小的近等轴?组织，良好的室温拉伸性能（UTS>930 MPa, YS>870 MPa, El>14%）。实验同时表明了HDH工艺制备低间隙原子含量钛粉的可行性，间隙原子含量的增加主要源于粉末及压坯的操作、转移和储存过程。得益于粉末冶金钛合金的细晶和近终成形特点，它无需通过开坯锻造，并且近成型的烧结坯能够提高材料利用率，减少后续热加工变形量及加工道次。因此，以粉末钛合金烧结坯替代锻坯进行后续的塑性加工能够大幅度降低钛合金构件及型材的成本。