烧结助剂对高气孔率SiC陶瓷结构和性能的影响

由叔丁醇、丙烯酰胺和SiC粉及烧结助剂组成固相含量为10%(体积分数)的陶瓷浆料,采用凝胶注模成型和无压烧结工艺制备多孔SiC陶瓷,研究Al2O3和Al2O3+SiO2这两种烧结助剂体系对多孔SiC陶瓷的气孔率、显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Al2O3+SiO2复合烧结助剂明显改善SiC陶瓷的烧结性能,与采用单一的Al2O3烧结助剂相比,SiC样品的烧结温度和莫来石的生成温度均降低50℃左右;两种不同的烧结助剂制成的试样中的气孔均呈很窄的单峰分布,中位孔径为2μm左右;随烧结温度的升高压缩强度增大,而气孔率变化不大;以Al2O3+SiO2为烧结助剂、在1 400℃烧结的试样的气孔率和强度分别达到70.57%和17.74 MPa。     

反应热压法制备Al2O3/NiCrAl复合材料及功能梯度材料

采用NiO、Al和Cr粉末反应热压制备了Al2O3/NiCrAl复合材料,NiCrAl合金由NiO还原出来的Ni与添加的Cr和Al反应形成.制备了不同Al2O3含量的Al2O3/NiCrAl复合材料,并以Al2O3体积分数分别为25%、52.2%和75%的Al2O3/NiCrAl复合材料为过渡层制备了Y稳定氧化锆(YSZ)到NiCrAl合金的功能梯度材料.X射线衍射分析、金相观察、硬度测量和热循环冲击实验结果表明:用该方法制备的复合材料由Al2O3陶瓷相和(Ni,Cr,Al)固溶体组成,而Al2O3颗粒由NiO与Al原位反应形成,尺寸细小,呈弥散分布.该功能梯度材料经从室温到1 000℃空气中10次热循环后未发现有裂纹,表明该方法制备的材料陶瓷相与合金相有良好的相容性、较高的结合强度、良好的耐高温抗氧化及热循环冲击性能.     

基于包混和复合添加工艺的多孔碳化硅陶瓷的制备和性能

采用包混工艺合成核-壳结构的硅-树脂先驱体粉体,引入Al2O3-SiO2-Y2O3复合添加剂,通过成型、炭化和烧结工艺制备多孔碳化硅陶瓷。分析多孔碳化硅陶瓷样品的物相、形貌、孔隙率、热导率、热膨胀系数和抗热震性能。结果表明：复合添加能够在较低的温度下制得多孔碳化硅陶瓷;陶瓷样品的晶粒较小,明显增强了多孔碳化硅陶瓷的导热性能;复合添加提高了碳化硅陶瓷的抗热震性能,添加Al2O3-SiO2-Y2O3并且在1650℃下烧结制备的多孔碳化硅陶瓷经过30次热震后的抗弯强度损失率为6.5%;陶瓷样品的孔壁更加光滑,孔分布更均匀;复合添加对多孔碳化硅陶瓷热膨胀系数的影响较小。     

植物种子模板法制备Al_2O_3泡沫陶瓷的研究

将小米种子排列成模板,通过在模板内对Al2O3浆料进行离心成形来制备孔径均匀的Al2O3泡沫陶瓷。观察了浆料固相含量对Al2O3生坯密度均匀性的影响,研究了植物种子特性对Al2O3生坯干燥和焙烧行为的影响,测量烧结产物的密度、收缩率、孔隙率和压缩强度,并通过体式显微镜和扫描电镜观察Al2O3泡沫陶瓷的宏观结构和显微组织。研究结果表明,小米和Al2O3生坯具有较好的收缩匹配性,干燥后可以保持生坯形状完整。在较高的固相含量(50%,体积分数)下,离心时的物质分离现象被抑制,孔壁具有较高的生坯相对密度(63.8%)。1500℃烧结2h后,Al2O3泡沫陶瓷具有致密的孔壁和较高的烧结相对密度(98.9%),其孔隙度为66.5%,抗压强度为5.26MPa。     

燃烧合成法制备Al2O3-TiB2多孔陶瓷基复合材料

利用燃烧合成法制备了Al2O3-TiB2多孔陶瓷基复合材料,研究了燃烧合成反应的热力学、预制坯密度、稀释剂以及复合助燃剂对多孔体系和组织形成的影响。结果表明,加入适量稀释剂以及复合助燃剂对多孔组织的形成有很大帮助。稀释剂含量增加,孔尺寸减小;复合助燃剂加入降低了反应的点燃温度,有利于反应的原位进行,获得了孔尺寸分布均匀,孔径变化范围较小的多孔陶瓷基复合材料。     

初始浆料中固相含量对莫来石多孔陶瓷显微结构和性能的影响

以叔丁醇为溶剂,采用凝胶注模工艺制备莫来石多孔陶瓷,研究不同固相含量对莫来石多孔陶瓷的显微结构、气孔率、气孔尺寸及分布、压缩强度和室温热导率的影响。实验结果表明,莫来石多孔陶瓷的气孔率和开气孔率分别在54.9%~61.2%和50.8~55.5%;气孔分布均匀且呈单峰分布,气孔孔径为2.34~3.52μm;在相同的烧结制度下,固相含量升高,莫来石多孔陶瓷的收缩率变小,气孔率降低,压缩强度和热导率明显升高,最高强度达59.5MPa,最低热导率为0.408W/m·K。     

掺杂MgAl2O4的Al2O3陶瓷材料研究

将MgO以MgAl2O4的形式掺杂到Al2O3中,研究MgAl2O4的掺杂量及其在不同烧结工艺条件下,对Al2O3陶瓷烧结性能和显微结构的影响.结果显示在氧化气氛1 640℃下烧结,掺杂MgAl2O4的Al2O3陶瓷烧结性能较掺杂MgO的Al2O3陶瓷差.而在氢气氛1 640℃下烧结,掺杂MgAl2O4的Al2O3陶瓷烧结性能优于掺杂MgO的Al2O3陶瓷,Al2O3陶瓷的相对密度可达99.1%,但晶粒尺寸分布不均匀,在3 μm～7 μm之间.当采用先在氧化气氛1 450℃下一次烧结后,再在氢气氛1 640℃下进行二次烧结时,发现不仅可以获得致密掺杂MgAl2O4的Al2O3陶瓷材料,而且还可以制备出存在大量长柱状晶粒的Al2O3陶瓷.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Al2O3·ZrO2复合陶瓷涂层研究

用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法以Al(NO3)3·9H2O,ZrOCl2·8H2O为原料,乙醇为溶剂,在不锈钢表面制备了xAl2O3·yZrO2复合陶瓷涂层.研究了基材氧化预处理、溶液纽成、添加剂等对陶瓷涂层组成、性能的影响.结果表明:基材氧化预处理能大大改善涂层与基材的结合强度:涂有xAl2O3·yZrO2陶瓷涂层的材料具有较不锈钢更优良的抗高温氧化性能.     

挤出成形法制备多孔SiC陶瓷工艺研究

设计了不同孔径、不同形状的多孔蜂窝结构,对挤出浆料组成配方和挤出成形工艺进行了优化,采用挤出成形法制备了蜂窝多孔SiC陶瓷坯体,并通过反应烧结制备了蜂窝多孔SiC陶瓷,研究了挤出压力、速率等工艺参数对蜂窝多孔SiC陶瓷坯体质量的影响,以及反应烧结温度、排硅时间等对蜂窝多孔SiC陶瓷密度、强度等性能的影响。结果表明:合适的挤出压力、挤出速率有助于确保多孔陶瓷坯体的成形和具有一定的强度;反应烧结后排硅时间在0.5h时多孔SiC陶瓷三点弯曲强度最高,为25.67MPa,制备的多孔SiC陶瓷/耐热钢基复合材料陶瓷分布均匀,界面结合良好。     

激光重熔改性等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层的组织及其耐腐蚀性能

以纳米Al2O3粉末为填料,采用激光重熔等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层技术,在45号钢表面制备了纳米改性Al2O3 13%(质量分数)TiO2/nano-Al2O3复合陶瓷涂层.用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜研究了纳米Al2O3改性后的陶瓷涂层的组织及涂层的耐腐蚀性能.结果表明,在激光的作用下,原等离子喷涂层Al2O3 13%TiO2的片层状组织得以消除;激光重熔区亚稳相y-Al2O3转变为稳定相α-Al2O3,重熔层由α-Al2O3和TiO2组成.与等离子喷涂Al2O3及Al2O3 13%TiO2陶瓷涂层相比,纳米Al2O3改性后的Al2O3 13%TiO2/nano-Al2O3陶瓷涂层致密化程度明显提高,耐腐蚀性能也得到了明显的改善.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.