二维浅水狭航道船舶变速航行的有限元计算

本文从二维浅水波方程出发,采用有限元计算船舶变速驶进、驶出大坝升船机承船厢时的水动力学过程.二维浅水波方程理论把行驶船舶对水面的作用力直接加在二维浅水波方程里,以此来计算水表面波动和水平流速.水动力波产生的水动压力又影响到船舶的运动.本文研究船舶和水体的相互作用.它描述了水面波动、水平流速、船舶的纵倾角、船和厢底的最小间隙、以及承船厢受的水体总重量、水动力矩等重要物理量在船舶行驶过程中的变化规律.本文算例的结果和文献[5]给出的实验数据大体一致.计算结果还发现,船舶驶出承船厢时下沉和纵倾的幅度比船只驶进承船厢时要稍大一点.工程上应当予以重视.     

DTC在斜浪作用下船舶漂移力的计算

船舶在波浪中行驶时,船体会在波浪力的作用下改变原有的航向。为了估计波浪对船舶操纵性能的影响,该文对波浪作用下的DTC(Duisburg Test Case)船模进行了计算,对船舶受到的平均波浪力进行了分析并与试验进行了对比。计算基于自主开发的naoe-FOAM-SJTU求解器,利用VOF(Volume of Fluid)方法对自由液面求解,利用重叠网格技术和六自由度运动模块对船舶的波浪运动响应进行了计算,利用waves2Foam开源程序对数值波浪进行模拟。计算结果显示,波浪平均漂移力的计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,波浪频率对船体受力及运动起主导作用。同时计算也捕捉到了波浪对船体的强烈砰击作用。该文实现了对波浪漂移力的精确模拟,为进行船舶在波浪中的运动计算模拟及分析提供了支持。     

中等Reynolds数下并列方柱统流的数值模拟──MAC－AF1方法及其应用

本文通过采用ＭＡＣ－ＡＦ１方法求解原始变量二维不可压非定常Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程，对中等Ｒａｙｎｏｌｄｓ数绕流下的并列方柱绕流进行了数值模拟。通过对Ｒｅ＝３００、５００、１０００、２０００及间隙度为ｓ／ｈ＝２．３时并列方柱的数值计算表明：Ｒｅ数对横向力的变化频率毫无影响，恰好是单方柱绕流横向力变化频率的两倍。阻力的频率与横向力的频率相同，阻力的时间平均值基本上与Ｒｅ数无关，但随着Ｒｅ数的增大，阻力和横向力随时间变化的波动幅度稍微有所增加。本文计算的方柱阻力时间平均值和横向力的频率与实验值符合得很好。     

混合浪作用下系泊船舶运动响应规律试验研究

采用双峰频谱模拟涌浪和风浪同时出现的混合浪,以一艘26.6万立方米的LNG船舶为试验对象,对混合浪作用下系泊船舶的运动响应规律进行物理模型试验研究。结果表明:当混合浪能量一定时,系泊船运动量大多随着低频部分波浪能量的增大而增大;在一定装载状态下,系泊船纵荡和垂荡运动量随混合浪中涌浪周期的增大逐渐增大,横荡、横倾和回转运动量峰值与船舶自然固有横荡周期存在着一定的比例关系;当混合浪中风浪条件一定时,系泊船运动量大多随着涌浪波高的增大迅速增大;当混合浪中涌浪条件一定时,风浪波高的改变对系泊船舶运动量的影响较小;在横向波浪作用下,系泊船纵倾运动受混合浪变化影响很小。     

船舶在波浪中运动的非线性时域数值模拟

为了可靠地模拟高速及大外飘船型在恶劣海况中的运动响应,该文在基于Rankine源的线性时域数值预报方法的基础上,通过在运动方程中添加考虑瞬时湿表面影响的非线性恢复力和入射波力,建立了船舶在波浪中运动的非线性时域数值模拟方法。该方法在数值计算中仍采用线性自由面条件、平均湿表面面元,采用数值海岸技术来满足自由面上的辐射条件。应用本文建立的非线性时域数值模拟方法对高速水面船DTMB5512和大外飘集装箱船Flokstra进行了顶浪状态下的数值模拟研究,数值计算结果表明非线性时域预报方法计算结果较线性方法更接近于试验结果,说明该文方法的有效性。     

航速对桥区行进船舶受力和重心位置的影响研究

航行船舶与桥墩间的水动力作用随航行速度不同而变化,致使船舶在航行过程中受力及航行姿态发生变化。采用物理模型试验验证和数学模型计算相结合的方法,以船舶航速为变量,分析了船舶沿程受力、艏摇力矩及重心位移受航速影响的变化规律。研究表明:随着航速的增加,船舶受到的横荡力、艏摇力矩正负峰值相应增加;船舶航速越高,船艏驶至桥墩尾涡负压区时,船舶越容易横向靠近桥墩;船尾驶至桥墩尾涡负压区时,航速越高,船尾越容易横扫桥墩,且后续航行过程中船舶横向远离桥墩偏航越大。研究成果可为后续研究船舶运行安全性和工程中确定安全的船桥间距提供参考。     

深海采矿船减摇水舱减摇效果评估

船舶在海上航行或作业时最容易发生横摇,在各种航速下减摇水舱都能减小船舶横摇运动,因此越来越多的船舶使用减摇水舱减小横摇。在此背景下,针对一艘深海采矿船,开展减摇水舱减摇效果评估计算。首先在规则波中进行频域分析,基于受力平衡原理,得到船舶-减摇水舱耦合运动方程。在频域内求解耦合运动方程,得到不同激励下的船舶横摇响应。定性得到减摇水舱减摇趋势。其次在规则波中进行时域分析,基于脉冲响应叠加原理,采用间接时域法建立船舶横摇运动方程,之后采用CFD方法求解减摇水舱液舱晃荡运动载荷,将CFD方法求解得到的载荷作为外力项添加到船舶横摇运动方程中,求解船舶的运动状态(横摇位移、速度和加速度)。之后再将船舶运动状态作为CFD求解的激励条件,进一步引起液舱晃荡产生外力影响船舶横摇运动,如此连续耦合求解。发现,频域分析存在理论奇点,横摇减小为零,这是理论的不足之处,时域分析方法更可靠。在小范围频域内,减摇水舱在每一频率处存在临界装载水深,在临界装载水深处发生减摇效果突变。最后,根据双参数P-M谱模拟随机波浪,时域分析随机波浪中船舶减摇水舱减摇效果。发现,减摇水舱装水量一半时,减摇效果最佳。     

舰船在波浪中补给的运动性能研究

本文介绍舰船在波浪中补给时的运动响应理论计算方法，运用三维势流理论计算两船的水动力相互作用和波浪扰动力。根据两船的相对运动进行两船补给时的相碰概率预报。预报结果与水池船模试验进行了初步验证，吻合较好。     

三维数值波动水槽波浪变形计算的0—1混合型边界元方法

为了改善常数元方法和线性元方法在求解三维波场波浪变形问题时的计算精度,考察上述两种单元剖分方式下,波势函数及波势函数法向导数对单元节点设定的适应性,本文构造了一种0—1混合型边界元。计算表明:这种0—1混合型边界元的剖分方式,在控制和减缓波浪“横向振动”幅度及水面单元水质点波动速度的计算方面,显示出了其独到的优越和灵活之处,为时域内的波浪非线性变形计算提供了时步上的数值保证     

方尾船在浅水中兴波的数值研究

本文从含移动压力的浅水波方程出发，计算方尾船在浅水中的兴波。船的运动看成对自由水面的压力扰动，直接加到浅水方程组。采用运动网格的有限元法求解浅水波动方程。在船体周围的开边界上使用无反射的边界条件。本文给出三维自由水面波高图、深度平均的水平流速以及方尾船兴波阻力系数、船体沉浮量、纵倾角的数值结果。从物理意义的定性分析来看，数值结果是合理的，计算方法是有效的。计算结果表明，兴波阻力系数、船体沉浮量、纵     

WAVE EQUATION MODEL FOR SHIP WAVES IN BOUNDED SHALLOW WATER

1.　 INTRODUCTIONIn the recentyears,waves in coastal shallow water,generated by marine traffic and in-tensified by port expansion,interaction with structures and reflection of land boundaries,has become a crucial factor affecting waterenvironmentsand engineering operation.In com-parison with the wind waves and ocean swells,waves inside harbor exhibitanomalous waveheight in certain areas.The dominantship waves are hardly dissipated in the harbor due tothe interaction with shorelines,and may…     

WAVE MAKING COMPUTATION IN TIME DOMAIN FOR MULTI-HULL SHIPS

1. INTRODUCTION For high-speed displacement ships, the wave making at the free surface is an important hydro- dynamic performance. The wave making reduction has attracted more attention for ship designers. The ship wave resistance and ship hull form improvement have been widely investigated. The thin ship theory adopting the Havelock source distribution on the ship centerline plane can be used to analyze the ship wave making profile and the ship wave resistance may be obtained by ship wav…     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF SQUARE-STERN SHIP WAVE IN SHALLOW WATER

This paper employed shallow water equations with moving pressure to calculate water waves generated by a square-stern ship in shallow water. The moving ship is considered as moving pressure on free surface. The finite element method with moving grids is used to solve the shallow water equations based on wave equation model [3]. A non-reflection boundary condition [5]is imposed on open boundaries surrounding the ship. 3-D surface elevations, depth-averaged horizontal velocities are presented. The numerical solutions are physically reasonable. It is found that wave resistance coefficients, draftchange and pitch angle vary rapidly in neighborhood of critical flow (Fh=u/ gh= 0. 9 -1. 1). The numerical results also indicate that the wave resistance coefficients, draft change and pitch angle of square-stern ship are larger than those of sharp-stern ship with the same hull structure at the same speed.     

An iterative Rankine BEM for wave-making analysis of submerged and surface- piercing bodies in finite water depth

A 3-D iterative Rankine Boundary Element Method （BEM） for seakeeping problem in time domain is developed in the framework of linear potential theory. Waves generated by both submerged and surface-piercing bodies moving at a constant forward speed in otherwise calm water, and the resultant steady wave pattern, wave profile and resistance are computed to validate this newly-developed code. A rectangular computational domain moving with the same forward speed as the body is introduced, in which an artificial damping beach is installed at an outer portion of the free surface except the downstream side for satisfying the radiation condition. The velocity potential on the ship hull and the normal velocity on the free surface are obtained directly by solving the boundary integral equation, with the Rankine source used as the kernel function. An iterative time-marching scheme is employed for updating both kinematic and dynamic free surface boundary conditions to stabilize the calculation. Extensive results including the wave patterns, wave profiles and wave resistances for a submerged spheroid and a Wigley hull with forward speed are presented to validate the efficiency of the proposed 3-D time-domain higher-order approach. Finally, the sensitivity of ship-generated waves to the water depth is investigated. Computed results show satisfactory agreement with the corresponding experimental data and other numerical solutions.     

Valid hydrodynamic interaction regions of multiple ships advancing in waves

Based on the 3-D surface panel method combined with the translating-pulsating source Green function, an approximate approach is developed to solve the hydrodynamic interacting problem of multiple ships advancing parallel in waves. Focus is on improving the calculating efficiency. In this approach, each ship is assumed to be in each other＇s far-field, and the near-field term in this Green function is neglected if the source point falls on one ship and the field point on others. Further, a matching relationship between the far-field waves and the interfered regions, which are defined as the overlapping areas between the mean wetted body surface of one ship and the propagating regions of the waves generated by another ship, is introduced to avoid the unnecessary computation of the relative terms of the Green function, if the field point is not in the overlapping areas. The approach is validated through studying the hydrodynamic terms and the free motions of two or three ships in side-by-side arrangement by comparing the obtained results with the model tests and the predictions of the exact method. The average calculating speed for the present approximate method is about 1.65-1.8 times of that for the exact method for solving the hydrodynamic interaction problem of two ships, and 2.56-2.73 times for that of three ships.     

COMPUTATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTION FORCES BETWEEN SHIPS BASED ON B-SPLINES

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＷｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅａｓｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｌｅｎｄｅｒ ｔｈｅｏｒｙ ,Ｙｅ ｕｎｇ[1 ,2 ] ｆｉｒｓｔｒｅｃａｓｔｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅ ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆｔｗｏｓｈｉｐｓｍｏｖｉｎｇｉｎａｓｈａｌｌｏｗｆｌｕｉｄｉｎｔｏｔｗｏｉｎｎｅｒｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓａｎｄｏｎｅｏｕｔｅｒｐｒｏｂｌｅｍａｎｄｄｅｒｉｖｅｄａｐａｉｒｏｆｃｏｕｐｌｅｄｉｎｔｅｇｒａｌ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓｆｏｒｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｕｎｋｎｏｗｎｃｒｏｓｓ ｆ…     

TIME-DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF WAVE FORCES ON SHIPS WITH FORWARD SPEED

Analyses of wave forces on Wigley and Series 60 ships at forward speedare presented in time domain which is based on a free surface transient Green functionwith linearized condition. The main effort focus on the investigation of the numerical sta-bility of time stepping calculation and the waterline intergal contribution to the excitingforces. Numerical study shows that the stable results can be obtained when a wall-sided as-sumption is used at the stern only and the effect of waterline can be neglected. Compar-isons have been made between the present time domain calculations and other works. Nu-merical results for the added resistance on a C_B=0.8 ship in short waves are presentedbased on the assumption that the steady disturbance of ship hull can be neglected.     

兴波阻力数值预报方法研究及其在集装箱船船型优化中的应用

集装箱船作为一种中高速船，其兴波阻力在总阻力中所占比例较高。从某种意义上讲，船型优化就是寻求最小兴波阻力的船型。本文采用基于势流理论的面元法预报集装箱船的兴波阻力，对两种计算兴波阻力的方法进行了研究比较：第一种是改进的Dawson方法，传统的Dawson方法采用静水面上的叠模流线网格，而改进的Dawson方法是采用静水面上的贴体网格来计算兴波阻力；第二种方法是单模流动法。文中利用这两种方法计算了两条集装箱船，通过和试验值比较，发现这两种方法在设计航速附近的一定范围内都能正确地识别船型变化对兴波阻力的影响，验证了这两种数值预报方法都可以用于船型优化。但是改进的Dawson方法的计算结果更接近实验值，因此改进的Dawson方法更适用于船型优化。     

Ship bow waves

The bow wave generated by a ship hull that advances at constant speed in calm water is considered. The bow wave only depends on the shape of the ship bow (not on the hull geometry aft of the bow wave). This basic property makes it possible to determine the bow waves generated by a canonical family of ship bows defined in terms of relatively few parameters. Fast ships with fine bows generate overturning bow waves that consist of detached thin sheets of water, which are mostly steady until they hit the main free surface and undergo turbulent breaking up and diffusion. However, slow ships with blunt bows create highly unsteady and turbulent breaking bow waves. These two alternative flow regimes are due to a nonlinear constraint related to the Bernoulli relation at the free surface. Recent results about the overturning and breaking bow wave regimes, and the boundary that divides these two basic flow regimes, are reviewed. Questions and conjectures about the energy of breaking ship bow waves, and free-surface effects on flow circulation, are also noted.