新型Co-Al-W合金高温氧化行为研究

研究了γ′-Co3(Al,W)相沉淀强化的新型钴基高温合金,Co-Al-W抗高温氧化性能。利用SEM、EPMA、XRD等方法研究了新型Co-Al-W合金在800℃和900℃空气中静态氧化增重动力学和抗高温氧化机理,并与镍基高温合金Manaurite900相比较。研究发现,在800℃氧化时,9.8W合金抗氧化能力最强,但在900℃时,9.8W和7.5W合金的增重最大,Manaurite900和10.7W的抗氧化能力最好。合金在2种温度下氧化后,表面氧化膜主要由三层构成,即Co氧化物Co3O4组成的氧化膜最外层,Co、Al、W复杂氧化物组成的中间过渡层及Al和Co氧化物组成的氧化膜最内层。     

YT15,YT30硬质合金刀头氧乙炔火焰钎焊

YT15、YT30硬质合金刀头属钨钴合金,其性能脆性大、韧性差。一般工厂应用氧乙炔火焰钎焊这种硬质合金刀头仍然普遍。但因刀杆线膨胀系数大于刀头线膨胀系数约1～2倍,钎焊过程产生较大的内应力,钎焊后刀头易产生裂纹。尤其在熔入法钎焊时,这种刀头对钎料湿润能力差,易出现“滚珠”和刀头钎焊焊面结合不牢的“假焊”现象,造成刀头磨刃角自行脱落和车加工过程中发生崩裂等。因此在钎焊 YT15、YT30刀头时必须采用合理的钎焊工艺与钎焊操作技术。     

硬质合金真空钎烽的研究

为了提高盾构隧道掘进机硬质合金刀头和钢基体的连接强度及使用寿命,选用801钎料,对42CrMo钢与WC-8％C0硬质合金进行真空钎焊试验,研究钎焊温度和钎焊压力对钎焊接头性能的影响,并用剪切试验确定最佳工艺参数。通过使用扫描电镜观察显微组织及能谱分析钎料中各元素在母材中的扩散情况,探讨了该钎料与母材的结合性能。结果表明,采用60kPa的压力在980℃下钎焊,钎料形成的中间,层与母材结合较好,无裂纹等缺陷,连接层厚约40-50mm;剪切强度达到415MPa,Zn与Mn发生了向硬质合金中的明显扩散,Co偏聚于连接层与钢的界面;压力的适当增加有利于提高界面结合强度,但压力过高导致连接层变薄,不利于缓解接头热应力。     

感应钎焊—淬火工艺对硬质合金工具钎焊组织及性能的影响

采用中频感应加热法将硬质合金头钎焊及母体液火工艺一步完成,探讨了不同组合工艺对钎缝剪切强度的影响,结果表明,试验工艺减少了钎焊后的二次奥氏体化加热,有利于钎缝剪切强度的提高。钎焊后直接淬火工艺简单,在３００℃回火时,由于β相的析出及细小的γ相对β相的强化作用而钎缝剪切强度提高;在４００℃回火时,由于γ相的增多及长大而使钎缝剪切强度下降,现场试验结果表明该工艺使用效果良好。     

纳米晶WC-6Co复合粉合成及特性研究

使用喷雾转化、煅烧和原位还原碳化技术制备了纳米晶WC-6Co复合粉末。通过XRD研究相组成发现,经过喷雾转化处理后粉末为无定形相、经煅烧后的粉末为WO3与Co3O4相、经还原碳化工艺后的物相是WC与Co相;由于Co对碳化过程的催化作用,将煅烧后的粉末置于氢气气氛中加热至900度还原碳化1个小时,即可将粉末碳化完全,制备出WC与Co相共存的纯净复合粉。文章还研究了还原碳化温度（700-900 ℃）对粉末相组成的影响,并通过SEM和HRTEM观察粉末形貌与微观组织。结果表明：制备的粉末具有球形结构,WC晶粒约0.36 μm,亚晶尺寸约为56 nm,说明WC晶粒是多晶体。同时发现粉末中的WC单颗粒被Co相互粘结在一起,且在WC与WC颗粒的接触部位发现存在烧结颈。文章还讨论了复合粉球形结构的形成过程和机理。     

加热温度对纯钛氧化增重及表面形貌的影响

研究了纯钛在不同温度下保温5 h的氧化增重和表面形貌.结果表明,在300～1100℃,随着加热温度的升高,纯钛氧化加重,形成氧化钛膜;300～500℃,纯钛试样增重0.32%～0.34%;在700～900℃氧化增重增大,到达1100℃氧化增重严重,达到15%,增重的部分为吸氧所致.用JSM-6360LV型扫描电子显微镜观察试样表面形貌,300～500 ℃氧化钛膜很薄较致密;700℃试样表面有较多的蜂窝氧化膜,表面不致密;900℃形成片状和长条状TiO2;1100℃氧化层为厚大板片状和多棱柱状的TiO2.氧化过程为氧固溶和通过氧化钛膜扩散进钛基体.     

含铼镍基单晶高温合金在900℃的循环氧化行为

采用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱(EDAX)等手段,研究了一种含铼镍基单晶高温合金在900℃的高温循环氧化行为.结果表明,在氧化初期合金的氧化质量增加较快,随着氧化时间延长氧化增重和失重交替进行,氧化动力学曲线不符合抛物线规律.高温氧化期间,合金发生明显的外氧化和内氧化,900℃氧化形成的氧化膜由三层组成,外层氧化膜由NiO、A12O3和(Ni,Co)Cr2O4组成;中间层为平直的CrTaO4及AlTaO4层;内层氧化物为Al2O3.在合金的氧化期间,分布在中间层的富Re、Ta和W相可抑制基体中Al向外扩散,并抑制氧化膜的生长,使氧化速度降低.     

热丝化学气相沉积金刚石时温度对YG6硬质合金的影响

使用真空气氛滑轨管式炉将YG6刀片分别加热到750、850、950、1050℃,保温2 h,然后室温冷却。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、纳米压痕仪对硬质合金表面进行表征,并利用Image-J软件分析Co黏结相的变化。结果表明:加热后YG6表面产生脆性缺碳相(η相),部分fcc-Co转变为hcp-Co,导致硬质合金和金刚石薄膜的界面处易发生断裂。当温度达950℃后,表面Co含量大量上升,并且表面的硬度和弹性模量明显下降。     

铸造Ti60氧化形貌的研究

为了研究铸造Ti60的高温氧化形貌,采用熔铸法制备了Ti60合金铸锭,并利用金相显微镜、电子天平、SEM研究了铸态Ti60的金相组织,在不同加热温度保温5 h的氧化增重和表面形貌.结果表明,铸态Ti60的金相组织为针状(α+β)+少量富钕颗粒;在700℃-1 100℃,随着加热温度的升高,铸造Ti60氧化加重,形成氧化钛膜;700℃-900℃,试样增重只有0.110%-0.609%;1 100℃氧化增重严重,达到9.137%;钛的氧化增重为吸氧.铸态Ti60试样表面形貌,700℃氧化钛膜很薄较致密;900℃试样表面有较多的白色颗粒和少量腐蚀坑,表面不致密;1 000℃形成片状和块状TiO2;1 100℃氧化层为厚大块状的TiO2.氧化过程为高温时,氧化膜粗大变得疏松多孔,氧通过氧化膜扩散进基体.     

硬质合金精密刀具高频感应钎焊工艺中几个问题的分析

本文对硬质合金精密刀具的高频感应钎焊技术进行了综述,介绍了高频感应原理,其基础是集肤效应和邻近效应;分析了硬质合金焊接的特点,由于钢和硬质合金之间线膨胀系数、热传导率等物理性能的差异,两者之间的钎焊在工艺上存在较多问题,如残余应力、裂纹、虚焊、夹渣、氧化、钎缝脆化等。本文重点探讨了硬质合金精密刀具高频感应钎焊的主要影响因素,包括焊接温度、加热速度、焊缝宽度、感应圈间隙及形状、工件表面质量、钎料钎剂性能等,得出结论:焊接温度应比钎料的液相线高20~50℃;过快或过慢的加热速度都会对钎焊质量造成不良影响;钎缝的最佳间隙大小应保持在0.01~0.1 mm之间;感应圈应有与焊件相适应的外形,尽量减少感应圈本身和焊件之间的无用间隙;增大工件表面的粗糙度,清除母材表面的氧化膜,去污除油,能够增大钎料在表面的附着力;宜选用润湿效果最好的银基钎料;氟硼酸钾是银基钎料的适宜钎剂。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.