高氟高氯含铀废水中偕胺肟基改性聚丙烯腈纤维螯合铀的研究

以聚丙烯腈纤维（PANF）为基体与盐酸羟胺反应制得偕胺肟基改性纤维（AO-PANF）,并通过扫描电镜、红外光谱和批次吸附,探究了AO-PANF对高氟高氯含铀废水中铀的螯合行为。结果表明,偕胺肟化反应将PANF中的氰基成功转化为偕胺肟基团,转化率随盐酸羟胺浓度增加而增大,氰基转化率为22.34%时,AO-PANF对铀的吸附量最大。随废水pH增加,AO-PANF对铀的吸附量先增大后减小,pH为5时,其值最大。F^-和Cl^-浓度变化对AO-PANF的吸附量影响较小。当处理100 ml铀初始浓度为100 mg·L^-1,pH为5的废水,温度为45℃,吸附剂投加量为0.40 g时,转化率为22.34%的AO-PANF对铀的吸附量为19.53 mg·g^-1,3 h左右吸附达到平衡。AO-PANF通过偕胺肟基团中-NH₂与废水中UO₂F₄^2-螯合实现对铀的吸附。该吸附过程符合Freundlich等温吸附模型和准二级动力学方程。研究表明AO-PANF可以有效地螯合高氟高氯含铀废水中的铀,具有良好的应用前景。     

偕胺肟基乙烷桥键介孔二氧化硅对铀的吸附研究

采用水热法合成了氰基化乙烷桥键的介孔材料,经胺肟功能化后制备出偕胺肟基介孔SiO_2材料(AO-PMOs)。利用AO-PMOs对铀溶液进行吸附实验,探讨了铀溶液初始质量浓度、pH值以及吸附时间对AO-PMOs吸附铀的影响,并采用FTIR,SEM,EDS技术进行表征分析。结果表明:在溶液初始pH值为5,铀质量浓度为10 mg/L,吸附剂投加量为20 mg,反应温度为303 K的条件下,吸附效果较佳,吸附率最大为99.04%,吸附量可达25 mg/g。该吸附过程与准二级动力学模型(R~20.99),Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型(R~20.98)能较好地拟合。偕胺肟基在AO-PMOs吸附铀过程起主要作用。     

螯合纤维对海水中铀的吸脱附性能研究

采用偕胺肟基螯合纤维对海水中的铀进行吸附,讨论了纤维制备条件对纤维吸附铀量的影响。结果表明:随着螯合纤维偕胺肟化时间的延长,纤维的吸附铀量增大;含偕胺肟基团的纤维经过碱水解后,纤维吸附铀量增大,适宜的碱处理时间为24 h;螯合纤维对铀的吸附量随着吸附时间的延长而逐渐增多,吸附时间超过48 h达到吸附饱和态,其饱和吸附量为2.6 mg/g。     

高氟高氯含铀废水中偕胺肟基改性聚丙烯腈纤维螯合铀的研究

以聚丙烯腈纤维(PANF)为基体与盐酸羟胺反应制得偕胺肟基改性纤维(AO-PANF),并通过扫描电镜、红外光谱和批次吸附,探究了AO-PANF对高氟高氯含铀废水中铀的螯合行为。结果表明,偕胺肟化反应将PANF中的氰基成功转化为偕胺肟基团,转化率随盐酸羟胺浓度增加而增大,氰基转化率为22.34%时,AO-PANF对铀的吸附量最大。随废水p H增加,AO-PANF对铀的吸附量先增大后减小,p H为5时,其值最大。F-和Cl-浓度变化对AO-PANF的吸附量影响较小。当处理100 ml铀初始浓度为100 mg·L~(-1),p H为5的废水,温度为45℃,吸附剂投加量为0.40 g时,转化率为22.34%的AO-PANF对铀的吸附量为19.53 mg·g~(-1),3 h左右吸附达到平衡。AOPANF通过偕胺肟基团中—NH2与废水中UO2F42-螯合实现对铀的吸附。该吸附过程符合Freundlich等温吸附模型和准二级动力学方程。研究表明AO-PANF可以有效地螯合高氟高氯含铀废水中的铀,具有良好的应用前景。     

粒状偕胺肟基蒙脱土纳米吸附材料的制备及铀吸附性能

采用PVC为粘合剂制备粒状偕胺肟基蒙脱土材料,选取粒径范围为0.8-1.7 mm颗粒进行铀吸附试验,考察了实验条件对铀吸附性能的影响,并对其吸附动力学进行了初步探讨。结果表明,当PVC、偕胺肟基蒙脱土、DMF、KCl的质量比为1.0:1.0:6.0:0.4时,粒状材料的成型效果较好。该材料对铀的吸附随时间的增加而增加,并在60 h后达到饱和。当铀初始浓度较大、吸附温度较高、振荡吸附方式时,其铀吸附速率较快;当铀溶液的pH=3时,该材料对铀的平衡吸附量最高。该材料铀的饱和吸附量达10.55 mg/g。动力学研究表明,该粒状吸附剂对铀的吸附控制步骤为液膜扩散控制,吸附速率常数为0.000 5 min-1;20℃下的吸附过程符合Freundlich吸附等温方程,qe=0.2137ce0.772 6。     

多胺型螯合秸秆纤维对水体镉离子的吸附研究

本研究以农业废弃物-玉米秸秆来研制多胺型偕胺肟基螯合秸秆纤维,利用SEM、FTIR、BET和元素分析初步表征材料;同时探讨在投加量、溶液pH值以及镉离子初始浓度等影响因素下,材料对水体中镉离子吸附去除效果,并且进行相关的吸附等温线分析,来简要阐明该材料与重金属镉离子之间的吸附机理。结果表明:多胺型偕胺肟基螯合秸秆纤维吸附性能优异,理论最大吸附容量为49.26 mg/g,原因在于它具有较大比表面积和含有丰富的含N官能基团-胺基和偕胺肟基。     

新型纤维素螯合吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附研究

研究了半皂化偕胺肟基纤维素吸附剂AOSC对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附,探讨了各种因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,当Cr(Ⅵ)的初始质量浓度为100mg/L时,最佳的吸附条件为:吸附液pH值为2,吸附时间2h,吸附温度35℃。在此条件下AOSC的吸附容量和Cr(Ⅵ)去除率分别达到49.8mg/g和99.5%。吸附性能对比实验表明,AOSC对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附效果优于纤维素基离子交换剂和偕胺肟基螯合吸附剂。     

偕胺肟纤维对还原蓝6#染料废水的吸附作用

以腈纶纤维(PAN)为原料,与羟胺溶液反应,将纤维侧链上的腈基转化为偕胺肟基(NH2CNOH),然后以这种功能化的腈纶纤维为基体,经配位反应将Fe3+螯合于纤维表面,形成偕胺肟合铁(Ⅲ)吸附纤维,再以其为吸附材料,吸附水溶液中的还原蓝6#染料。考察了工艺条件、吸附规律及吸附反应动力学。结果显示,最佳吸附工艺条件为:温度50℃,吸附时间60min。偕胺肟基纤维(AOCF)对还原蓝6#染料的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附经验式和二级反应动力学特征。其速率常数k=1.32×1010e-69T08,活化能Ea=57.44kJ/mol。     

偕胺肟合铁(Ⅲ)纤维对苯酚的吸附

采用部分偕胺肟化的聚丙烯腈纤维与铁离子反应,形成偕胺肟合铁(Ⅲ)纤维,吸附水溶液中的苯酚。研究了其吸附反应条件、吸附规律及吸附反应动力学。结果表明:最佳吸附反应条件为pH值4,温度50℃和吸附时间35 min。偕胺肟合铁(Ⅲ)纤维对苯酚的吸附反应符合Freundlich等温吸附经验式。当温度从293.15 K升高到323.15 K,偕胺肟含铁对苯酚的吸附常数逐渐增大,温度越高,吸附效果也越好。     

双官能团纤维修饰电极制备及对高盐水体中铀的高效提取研究

以聚丙烯腈纤维为原材料,以导电玻璃为基体电极,通过水热法制备了多胺基-偕胺肟基双官能团纤维(PANF-EDA-AO),另外采用滴涂法制备了PANF-EDA-AO修饰电极,结合电化学工作站开展了铀高效吸附-强化沉积实验,结果表明:在附加电场下,PANF-EDA-AO修饰电极对铀的提取量高达1763.3 mg/g,是PAN...     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。