反渗透膜的污染及其离线清洗技术

本文介绍了反渗透膜的应用、反渗透膜污染的因素、污染的判断及反渗透膜离线清洗的方法、必要性等。总结了反渗透膜的污染原因及影响因素,并综述了反渗透膜的离线清洗方法效果。     

RO反渗透膜清洗工艺条件选择

反渗透膜污染已经成为人们关注的热点问题,它影响着膜的稳定运行和出水水质,并缩短膜的使用寿命,因此对反渗透膜的清洗就显得尤为重要。本文研究了反渗透膜的清洗工艺,通过垢样分析确定清洗液组成及清洗工艺,并对已严重污染的反渗透膜进行清洗,取得较好清洗效果。     

反渗透膜的污染及其化学清洗

反渗透膜的污染是反渗透系统应用中最大的问题之一,及时的化学清洗可有效地恢复反渗透膜的性能、延长其使用寿命。对反渗透膜的污染及其化学清洗方法进行了综述,主要内容包括反渗透膜污染物的种类,污染物形成的原因,以及清洗时机的选取,清洗药品的选择,影响清洗效果的主要因素、清洗系统的构成,化学清洗的方法和清洗效果的评价指标。     

反渗透膜的污染及在线清洗

随着反渗透装置的投运,反渗透膜的污染因其预处理工艺、预处理效果以及各地水源水质的不同,会产生各种各样的污染。反渗透膜污染到一定程度,就必须进行清洗。而反渗透膜的清洗,尤其是在表洗是我国反渗透应用中的一大难题。文中主要介绍了卷式反渗透膜污染的原因、特征以及在线清洗配方的选择、操作注意事项和清洗实例等,以供同行参阅。     

专利摘要

一种反渗透膜的清洗方法 摘要：本发明涉及一种反渗透膜的清洗方法。针对被聚丙烯酰胺污染的反渗透膜元件,利用化学药剂与清洗装置,实现连续清洗与间歇清洗、正向洗与反向洗、     

浅谈反渗透膜清洗技术

文章简述了常见反渗透膜系统污染形式,分析了产生膜污染的原因,并介绍了常规的清洗方法,详述了反渗透膜清洗的条件及清洗方法,提出了减轻污染措施需要采用的方法等。     

电厂补给水反渗透系统的优化运行与清洗

反渗透膜污染是电厂补给水反渗透系统应用中最大的问题之一。对反渗透膜的污染及其化学清洗方法进行了综述,主要内容包括反渗透膜污染物的种类、污染物形成的原因以及清洗时机的选取、清洗药品的选择、影响清洗效果的主要因素、清洗系统构成、清洗方法和清洗效果的评价,并提出了几种防护措施。     

一种反渗透膜的清洗方法

本发明涉及一种反渗透膜的清洗方法。针对被聚丙烯酰胺污染的反渗透膜元件,利用化学药剂与清洗装置,实现连续清洗与间歇清洗、正向洗与反向洗、     

反渗透膜污染类型分析及清洗技术的研究进展

在反渗透技术中,膜污染是一种不可避免的问题,膜污染指的是水处理过程中膜表面或膜孔道被杂质、污垢或生物物质覆盖或堵塞的现象。膜污染的发生会导致许多不利影响,包括处理能力降低、脱盐率下降、回收率降低以及段间压差升高等,因此反渗透膜污染以及清洗技术显得至关重要。本文针对反渗透膜污染的类型进行分析,并从物理清洗、化学清洗以及清洗注意事项进行详细论述。最后,对反渗透膜及清洗技术未来发展方向进行展望,有利于结合具体情况选择适当的清洗剂和操作条件。通过正确的清洗和维护,可以延长反渗透膜的使用寿命,确保系统的稳定运行和长期经济效益。     

反渗透膜的污染及清洗

文章论述了反渗透膜在水处理中常见的污染现象以及反渗透膜元件污染的判断处理。根据污染的类型、程度、膜材料的性能选择清洗剂,设计出合理的清洗方案,快速恢复反渗透膜的膜通量。     

ZY-1硫化氢抑制剂的研究与应用

在油田集输管线化学清洗中会产生硫化氢有毒气体,对人畜造成伤害,污染环境。为此．从生产实际出发,开发研制ZY-1硫化氢抑制剂,通过室内性能评价及现场试验表明：ZY-1硫化氢抑制剂在积垢管线化学清洗中,能有效地抑制硫化氢气体的产生与释放,不影响清洗质量、施工安全。     

MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF MEMBRANE CHEMICAL CLEANING BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK,FUZZY LOGIC,AND GENETIC ALGORITHM

Robust artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic (FL) models were derived for chemical cleaning of microfiltration membranes fouled by milk under a wide range of operating conditions. The accuracies of the models were compared with multiple linear regressions (MLR). The developed models are useful tools for predicting the performance of chemical cleaning. The effects of different operating conditions on cleaning performance were elucidated using the ANN developed model. Moreover, optimum cleaning condition was determined by genetic algorithm and ANN model. The current research demonstrated that fuzzy logic and an artificial neural network can quantitatively capture cumulative effects of a range of operating conditions on flux recovery and resistance removal during a cleaning process.     

提高电站锅炉化学清洗质量的几点建议

在火力发电厂电站锅炉化学清洗工作中 ,如何提高和保证化学清洗质量 ,使化学清洗质量上水平、上台阶 ,这是每一个化学清洗工作者所关心的问题。本文就电站锅炉化学清洗的实施中遇到的一些影响清洗质量的具体问题提出了几点改进措施 ,使化学清洗工艺得到了进一步的完善     

膜生物反应器中膜的清洗研究

对膜生物反应器处理柠檬酸酸洗废水中膜的清洗进行了研究，通过不同的清洗方法对膜通量的恢复程度进行评价。确定了反冲洗时间及反冲洗周期，经过试验研究与分析，在反冲洗的同时结合正洗的清洗方法，效果好于单纯的反冲洗方法；确定了化学清洗剂种类、清洗剂的用量以及化学清洗周期。采用物理清洗与化学清洗相结合的方法，清洗效果很好。保证了MBR的稳定运行。     

气液两相流方法对络合-超滤膜组件污染的清洗

超滤膜法是目前最有发展前途的水处理技术之一,但使用过程中不可避免的污染问题很大程度上限制了该技术的推广。该文提出特定的气液两相流清洗方法并针对络合-超滤膜组件污染清洗进行研究,比较了气体冲洗、水力反冲洗、化学试剂反冲洗和气液两相流清洗(分别以水和HCl作为清洗液)络合-超滤污染膜组件的效果。结果显示气液两相流方法的清洗效果最好,且用时最短。考察了通气时间tc、气停时间ti和气液流速比Rg/l对气液两相流方法清洗效果的影响,结果表明当ti=10 s、Rg/l=20∶1时,以水和HCl为清洗液的气液两相流方法在tc=15 s和tc=25 s取得最佳清洗效果;当tc=15 s、Rg/l=20∶1时,两种清洗液的气液两相流方法在ti=20 s取得最佳效果。当tc=15 s、ti=10 s,以水做清洗液的两相流方法在Rg/l=80∶1时取得最佳的清洗效果;HCl做清洗液的两相流方法在Rg/l=40∶1时取得最佳的清洗效果。研究结果表明气液两相流清洗方法能有效去除膜污染,在一定程度上可以减少化学清洗剂的使用而减少二次污染,是一种有效的绿色膜清洗技术。     

超声在陶瓷膜处理乳化含油废水中的作用研究

Ultrasonic field was applied in the treatment of oil emulsification wastewater by ZrO2 ceramic mem-brane. The permeate flux, rejection ratio in the filtration process and recovery ratio of flux in the membrane cleaning process were measured. Great improvement in the permeate flux and rejection ratio have been observed for the membrane process enhanced by the ultrasonic field. The permeate flux of water through the membrane was about 210L.m^-2.h^-1 and the oil rejection ratio was over 99.9% under the optimal ultrasonic treatment conditions, which were 8W of ultrasonic power, 7cm of ultrasonic probe length introduced into the membrane channel and the same ultrasonic radiation direction as the wastewater flow. The resistance of the membrane process was compared between the cases with and without ultrasound, and the total resistance was reduced 68% by the use of ultrasound, Four methods including water cleaning, water cleaning under sonication, chemical cleaning and chemical cleaning under sonication were used to recover membrane flux. It was found that the flux recovery ratio increased with the increase of ultrasonic cleaning power. In addition, the use of chemical agents combining with ultrasonic irradiation showed a synergistic effect, which resulted in the highest cleaning efficiency and the shorter cleaning time.     

二次催化柠檬酸清洗在超临界机组中的应用

在超临界机组运行后首次化学清洗中,采用二次催化柠檬酸清洗法。有效的减少化学清洗期间的氧化铁剥落量,从而避免了清洗残渣在系统内的附着,缩短了清洗时间。该工艺清洗效果优良,值得在其他超临界机组运行后化学清洗中推广、借鉴。     

Mechanical and chemical stability of injection‐molded microcantilevers used for sensing

Ultraviolet‐ozone treatment is used as a standard surface cleaning procedure for removal of molecular organic contamination from analytical and sensing devices. Here, it is applied for injection‐molded polymer microcantilevers before characterization and sensing experiments. This article examines the effects of the surface cleaning process using commercial equipment, in particular on the performance and mechanical properties of the cantilevers. It can be shown that the first chemical aging process essentially consist of the cross linking of the polymer chains together with a physical aging of the material. For longer exposure, the expected thermo‐oxidative formation of carbonyl groups sets in and an exposure dependent chemical degradation can be detected. A process time of 20 min was found suitable as a trade‐off between cleaning and stability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Application of response surface methodology to the chemical cleaning process of ultrafiltration membrane☆

A numerical model was established to predict and optimise the chemical cleaning process of Polyvinylidene Fluoride(PVDF)Ultra filtration(UF)membranes with the results from the experiment that applied the Response Surface Method(RSM)and Central Composite Design(CCD).The factors considered in the experimental design were sodium hydroxide(NaOH)concentration,sodium hypochlorite concentration(NaClO),citric acid concentration and cleaning duration.The interactions between the factors were investigated with the numerical model.Humic acid(20 mg·L-1)was used as the model foulant,and chemical enhanced back flush(CEB)was employed to simulate the chemical cleaning process.The concentrations of sodium hydroxide,sodium hypochlorite,citric acid and cleaning duration tested during the experiments were in the range of 0.1%–0.3%,100–300 mg·L-1,1%–3%and 0.5–1.5 h,respectively.Among the variables,the sodium hypochlorite concentration and the cleaning duration showed a positive relationship involving the increased ef ficiency of the chemical cleaning.The chemical cleaning ef ficiency was hardly improved with increasing concentrations of sodium hydroxide.However,the data was sharply decreased when at a low level of sodium hydroxide concentration.In total,54 sets of cleaning schemes with 80%to 100%cleaning ef ficiency were observed with the RSM model after calibration.     

复合清洗技术在1000万t／a常减压装置停工中的应用

热交换器在线清洗技术是一门包含了化学、物理、机械等多学科的新技术，达到为企业延长生产周期以及提高生产效益服务的目的。本文主要介绍了RFC-2型化学清洗剂在中石化天津分公司1000万t／a常减压装置停工过程中化学清洗处理过程的应用，并对清洗技术在大型装置应用进行了总结。实践表明，该清洗剂安全环保，清洗效果好，值得推广。