SnPb钎料与Au/Ni/Cu焊盘反应过程中Au的分布

采用熔融的共晶锡铅钎料熔滴与Au/Ni/Cu焊盘瞬时接触液固反应形成钎料凸点,随后进行再流焊及老化.对这一过程中的钎料/焊盘界面金属间化合物组织的演化,尤其是Au-Sn化合物的形成及分布进行了研究.结果表明,钎料熔滴与焊盘液固反应形成了Au-Sn界面化合物,铜层未完全反应.在随后的再流焊过程中,界面处的铜层完全消耗掉,镍层与钎料反应形成Ni3Sn4界面组织;针状的AuSn4化合物分布于钎料基体中.老化条件下分布于钎料基体中的AuSn4重新在界面沉积,在Ni3Sn4层上形成(AuxNi1-x)Sn4层.(AuxNi1-x)Sn4在界面的沉积遵循分解扩散机制,并促进富铅相的形成.钎料与焊盘反应过程中Au-Sn化合物的演化及分布直接影响钎料与焊盘的连接强度.     

交变电磁辐射下SnPb共晶钎料在BGA焊盘上的自发热重熔及界面反应

进行了交变电磁辐射下附Au／Ni镀层BGA焊盘上SnPb共晶钎料球感应自发热重熔形成钎料凸台的实验，并分析了感应自发热重熔以及固态老化对SnPb共晶钎料与Au／Ni镀层焊盘界面反应的影响．研究结果表明，交变电磁辐射一次重熔与红外重熔结果一样使Au镀层完全消失，并在钎料中形成离散的针状AuSn4，但是二次重熔结果由于电磁场作用下液体金属内固态金属颗粒聚集效应作用的结果使AuSn4金属间化合物富集在钎料与焊盘的界面处．固态老化过程中针状AuSn4转化为层状(AuxNi1-x)Sn4并粘着在Ni3Sn4上，抑制Ni3Sn4的长大。     

激光与红外重熔对63Sn37Pb/焊盘界面微观组织的影响

研究了塑料球栅阵列 (PBGA)钎料球激光重熔以及红外二次重熔过程中 6 3Sn37Pb共晶钎料与Au/Ni/Cu焊盘之间界面反应。结果表明 :钎料凸点 /焊盘界面处金属间化合物的形貌和数量与激光输入能量密切相关。随着激光输入能量的增大 ,Au完全溶解到钎料中 ,界面处连续分布的Au Sn化合物层全部转变为针状AuSn4 相 ,部分针状AuSn4 从界面处折断并落入钎料中 ,最后变为细小的颗粒状弥散分布在钎料内部。红外二次重熔后焊点界面处的针状AuSn4 溶解到钎料中 ,钎料组织由原来的粒状结晶结构变为层片状结晶结构 ,焊点界面处出现了不同形态的粗大富Pb相     

SnPb钎料熔滴与Au/Ni/Cu焊盘的反应过程

研究了熔融的SnPb钎料由固定高度滴落到Au/Ni/Cu焊盘上的温度变化过程和界面反应情况.结果表明:对钎料熔滴到达焊盘瞬时的接触温度,熔滴初始温度是其主要影响因素,而高度变化对其影响不大.钎料与焊盘界面产生的金属间化合物形态受钎料熔滴初始温度影响很大.随着滴落钎料初始温度的提高,界面层由Au层基本不反应,变为形成了连续层状AuSn2及针状AuSn4.当初始温度升高到450℃时,AuSn2完全转化为AuSn4,棒状AuSn4生长极为明显,在离界面不远的钎料里发现细小的AuSn4.由计算推出界面反应的时间约为6～7 ms,在如此短的时间内,发生Au的溶解和Au-Sn化合物的形成,其原因在于Au在熔融钎料中溶解速度随温度变化的特殊性.     

SnAgCu焊点界面金属间化合物的研究现状

SnAgCu系合金钎料是目前最有可能替代SnPb钎料的无铅钎料之一.其在回流焊过程中产生的界面金属间化合物是影响电子产品可靠性的重要因素.综述了SnAgCu钎料在Cu,Ni/Cu,Au/Ni/Cu衬底上回流焊后界面金属间化合物(IMC)的类型和产生过程,并对时效、热冲击、热循环过程中界面金属间化合物的形貌演变以及生长规...     

AuSn钎料及镀层界面金属间化合物的演变

对激光软钎焊下AuSn钎料与Au和Au/Ni金属化镀层界面形成的金属间化合物进行SEM及EDX分析,并讨论激光输入能量对界面金属间化合物演变规律的影响.研究结果表明：在激光加热及快速冷却条件下,Au迅速溶解到界面附近的钎料中,使得成分偏离共晶点,界面处生成稳定的Au5Sn;随着激光功率及加热时间的增加,未完全溶解的Au层变薄,Au5Sn向钎料内部长大.     

激光重熔PBGA钎料球与Au/Ni/Cu焊盘的界面反应

研究了塑料球栅阵列（PBGA）钎料球重熔过程中钎料与Au/Ni/Cu焊接之间的界面反应，结果表明：界面处金属间化合物的生成与激光输入量能密切相关，当激光输入能量较小时，焊盘上的Au没有完全溶解到钎料中，界面处存在一层连续的AuSn2和一些垂直或斜向生长到钎料中的针状AuSn4化合物，增大激光输入能量，Au完全溶解到钎料中，界而处连续的AuSn2化合物层全部转化为针状AuSn4相，有部分AuSn4针从界面处折断并落入钎料中，当激光功率为18W，激光加热时间为400ms时，AuSn4相在界面处消失，以细小颗粒弥散分布在钎料内部。     

SnAgCu/Cu和SnAgCu/Au/Ni/Cu表面贴装元件焊点高温存贮试验分析

研究了SnAgCu／Cu及SnAgCu／Au／Ni／Cu表面贴装元件焊点在高温存贮试验条件下抗剪强度的变化规律。结果表明，SnAgCu／Cu及SnAgCu／Au／Ni／Cu焊点抗剪强度随保温时间的延长降低，SnAgCu／Cu焊点的抗剪强度高于SnAgCu／Au／Ni／Cu焊点的抗剪强度。SnAgCu／Cu及SnAgCu／Au／Ni／Cu焊点的断口形貌分析表明，断裂大多数都发生在贴装元件端头金属化层内，少数发生在钎料与焊盘的界面以及焊点内部。     

时效对SnAgCu/SnAgCu-TiO2焊点界面与性能影响

研究了SnAgCu与SnAgCu-TiO2两种无铅钎料与铜基板之间的界面反应,研究其在140℃时效过程中的生长行为及力学性能变化.结果表明,焊后两种钎料对应界面层为Cu6Sn5相,经过140℃时效,界面层厚度随着时效时间的增加而增加.发现金属间化合物层厚度和时效时间的平方根成正比例关系.当时效时间为300 h时,界面层出现Cu3Sn相,发现纳米TiO2颗粒对界面金属间化合物层厚度有明显的抑制作用.同时对焊点力学性能分析,在时效过程中焊点平均拉伸力明显下降,SnAgCu-TiO2焊点的力学性能明显优于SnAgCu焊点.     

AuSn钎料及AuSn/Ni焊点的组织性能研究

分别采用叠轧-合金化法和回流焊技术制备AuSn箔材钎料和AuSn/Ni焊点,用扫描电子显微镜及电子万能试验机研究钎焊时间对AuSn/Ni界面组织及焊点剪切性能的影响。结果表明:采用叠轧-合金化法制备的AuSn钎料的熔点和化学成分都接近Au-20Sn共晶钎料。Ni/AuSn/Ni焊点在330℃钎焊30s时形成良好的层状ζ-(Au,Ni)5Sn+δ-(Au,Ni)Sn共晶组织;钎焊60s时,AuSn/Ni界面产生薄而平直的(Ni,Au)3Sn2金属间化合物(IMC)层和针状(Ni,Au)3Sn2化合物;随着钎焊时间继续延长,(Ni,Au)3Sn2IMC层厚度明显增加,针状(Ni,Au)3Sn2化合物异常长大。同时,随着钎焊时间延长Ni/AuSn/Ni钎焊接头的剪切强度先增加后减小,钎焊90s时的剪切强度达到最高12.49MPa。     

Study on laser and hot air reflow soldering of PBGA solder ball

Laser and hot air reflow soldering of PBGA solder ball was investigated.experimental results showed that surface quality and shear strength of solder bump reflowed by laser was superior than the solder bump by hot air ,and the microstructure within the solder bump reflowed by laser was much finer.Analysis on interfacial reaction showed that eutectic solder reacted with Au/Ni/Cu pad shortly after the solder was melted.Interface of solder bump reflowed by laser consists of a continuous AuSn4 layer and remnant Au element.Needle-like AuSn4 grew sidewise from interface,and then spread out to the entire interface region.A thin layer of Ni3Sn4 intermetallic compound was found at the interface of solder bump reflowed by hot air,and AuSn4 particles distribute within the whole solder bump randomly.The combination effect of the continuous AuSn4 layer and finer eutectic microstructure contributes to the higher shear strength of solder bump reflowed by laser.     

FORMATION AND CHANGE OF AuSn4 COMPOUNDS AT INTERFACE BETWEEN PBGA SOLDER BALL AND Au／Ni／Cu METALLIZATION DURING LASER AND INFRA-RED REFLOW SOLDERING

Interactions between 63Sn37Pb solder and PBGA metallization (Au/Ni/Cu) during laser and infrared reflow soldering were studied.During laser reflow soldering process,a thin layer of AuSn4 was observed at the interface of the solder bumps,its morphology was strongly dependent on the laser reflow power and heating time.The solder bumps formed by the first laser reflow was reflowed again to form the solder joints.The AuSn4 compounds formed in the first laser reflow process dissolved into the bulk solder after the secondary infrared reflow process.The needle-like AuSn4 changed into rodlike,and distributed inside the solder near the solder/pad interface.     

磁控溅射Cu-Cr合金薄膜与Sn-Ag-Cu焊料在时效处理时的界面反应

采用磁控溅射的方式沉积不同Cr含量的Cu-Cr合金薄膜,通过与Sn-Ag-Cu(SAC)焊料在240 ℃下回焊形成焊点结构,然后将试样置于180 ℃下进行真空时效处理。研究Cu-Cr合金作为凸点下金属化(UBM)层时与SAC形成焊点的焊接可靠性。使用配备能量色散X射线光谱仪的场发射扫描电镜和多功能推力测试仪等分析界面金属间化合物(IMC)的形貌及焊点的剪切强度。结果表明,SAC/Cu-Cr焊点结构在回焊后形成了不同于传统的SAC/Cu焊点扇贝状IMC的针状IMC。在时效处理后,Cr在晶界处的偏析形成了富铬层,其作为扩散阻挡层阻碍Cu扩散到IMC中,使得Cu₃Sn和柯肯达尔空洞的生长受到抑制。剪切强度测试结果表明,回焊后SAC/Cu-Cr试样比SAC/Cu试样具有更高的剪切强度。Cr靶电流为1.5 A的Cu-Cr合金UBM层形成的焊点结构具有较小的IMC厚度,且拥有最高的焊点剪切强度。证实了Cu-Cr 合金UBM层有利于提高焊接可靠性。     

Shear strength and aging characteristics of 63Sn−37Pb solder bumps with various solder ball and pad sizes

The shear strength and aging characteristics of 63Sn–37Pb solder bumps were characterized with variation in solder ball and UBM pad sizes. The shear strength increased with shorter effective crack size,a _effs which was determined with the solder ball and pad sizes. The shear strength of the solder bumps on Au/Ni/Cu and Ni/Cu did not change significantly with reflow time. Substantial decrease in the shear strength occurred for the solder bumps formed on Au/Ni/Cu with aging treatment, and the shear strength after aging was also related to the bump shape which was determined with the solder ball and pad sizes.     

SAC0307-xNi/Ni焊点的IMC及镍镀层的消耗

利用扫描电镜(SEM)对焊点SAC0307/Ni(Sn-O.3Ag-0.7Cu/Ni)和SAC0307-0.05Ni/Nj(Sn-O.3Ag-0.7Cu-0.05 Ni/Ni)经过180℃老化后的界面金属问化合物(IMC)的微观结构及镍镀层的消耗进行了研究.结果表明,回流焊后,SAC0307/Ni和SAC0307-O.05Ni/Ni焊点的IMC层均为(Cu_(1-x)Ni_x)_6Sn_5,且随着老化时间的延长,IMC层的厚度均逐渐增加,化合物类型没有变化,但IMC的化学组成有所改变.SAC0307-0.05Ni/Ni焊点中IMC层形貌为蠕虫状,厚度比不加镍时有所降低.回流焊后两种钎料焊盘的镍层消耗几乎相同,但老化384h后SAC0307/Ni的焊盘镍层的剩余厚度明显比SAC0307-0.05Ni/Ni的小.因此,钎料中添加适量的镍可以有效地降低焊盘镍层在时效过程中的消耗速率,即显著提高镍焊盘的抗老化能力.

Abstract：

The micrestmcture of interfacial IMC and the consumption of Ni layer for SAC0307/Ni ( Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu/Ni ) soldered joint and SAOY307-0.05Ni/Ni (Sn-O. 3Ag-0.7Cu-0.05Ni/Ni) soldered joint after aging at 180℃ were studied by scanning electron microscope( SEM ). The results indicated that the IMC layer of SAC0307/Ni and SAC0307-0.05Ni/Ni are both (Cu_(1-x),Ni_x)_6Sn_5 after reflow soldering. With the increasing of aging time, the thickness of IMC layer increases gradually, the type of IMC is not changed, but the chemical composition changes. The morphology of IMC is stormshaped and the thickness of IMC is much thinner when SAC0307 solder added 0. 05 % Ni is used. The consumption of Ni layer is nearly the same using both solders "after the first time reflow soldering, but the residual thickness of the Ni layer in SACO307/Ni solder is thinner than that in SAC0307-0.05Ni/Ni after aging for 384 h. So solders with a little Ni element can decrease the consumption rate of Ni layer effectively during aging, that is, the aging-resistant abihty of Ni pad is improved obviously.     

倒装LED回流焊接头组织的抗高温时效性能

以SAC305锡膏为钎料,通过回流焊实现了倒装LED与Cu/Ag、Cu/Ni/Au基板的互连.研究了两种接头界面微观组织在高温时效条件下的演变行为.结果表明,接头两侧界面组织间存在相互影响. Cu/Ni/Au基板中的Au在回流焊过程中溶解至体钎料内,对芯片侧Au-Sn金属间化合物的生长起到抑制效果.芯片侧Au-Sn金属间化合物的快速生长降低了体钎料中Sn的相对浓度,从而使体钎料中有利于基板侧IMC生长组元的相对浓度得到提升,促进基板侧IMC生长.相比较而言,在Cu/Ag基板上的回流焊试样抗高温时效性能较差.