声光Q开关的漏光特性与射频功率关系的研究

为了研究LD抽运的Nd∶YVO₄的声光Q开关的射频功率对衍射效率、漏光功率与门信号开启后激光输出脉冲序列的时间特性的影响, 通过调节施加在Q开关上的射频功率, 取得了漏光与激光脉冲上升时间随之变化的趋势并加以分析。结果表明, 在射频功率增大到4.4 W时, 漏光完全消失; 在射频功率位于2W~3 W之间时, 漏光功率在500mW以下, 且激光脉冲上升时间是到达第一阈值所用时间的60%~70%;得到了既顾及门信号开启后激光输出脉冲序列的上升时间、又尽可能在Q开关处于hold-off状态时保持低的激光漏光功率的驱动射频信号的功率范围。该研究结果对构建适用于可快速开启的、热效应较为严重的声光调Q固体激光器具有较好的参考价值。     

LD端面抽运Nd:YAP 腔内RTP-OPO1.65μm激光研究

报道了基于非临界相位匹配磷酸钛氧铷晶体(RTP)的光参量振荡激光性能研究。采用激光二极管端面抽运Nd:YAP激光晶体,组成内腔式RTP-OPO系统,对比了在不同声光调Q重复频率下的信号光输出特性。在20 kHz重复频率和13.1 W的抽运入射功率下,获得平均功率1.1 W的1.65 m人眼安全激光的输出,光-光转化效率为8.4%;在重复频率为5 kHz时,获得了最窄脉4.4 ns,最高单脉冲峰值功率30.8 kW。结果表明,基于RTP晶体的OPO变频是获得1.6 m波段激光的一种有效新途径。     

Design of a compact, optically guided, pinched, megawatt class free-electron laser

A conceptual design for a compact megawatt class free-electron laser (FEL) operating at 1 /spl mu/m is presented. The proposed FEL consists of an optically guided, pinched amplifier configuration driven by a RF linac. The gain length, efficiency, electron pulse slippage, and the distance between the wiggler and first relay mirror are determined for a megawatt class design. Of particular concern in the design is the overall length of the optical system, i.e., the wiggler length and distance to the first relay mirror. In the present design, the wiggler length is /spl sim/1 m and the distance between the first relay mirror and the wiggler is determined by the average intensity damage threshold on the mirror. By focusing the electron beam, the optical beam can be pinched upon exiting the wiggler. The pinched optical beam has a reduced Rayleigh length which permits the first relay mirror to be relatively close to the wiggler. By pinching the optical beam and employing grazing incidence the first relay mirror can be located within /spl sim/3 m of the wiggler. It is shown that frequency detuning can more than double the FEL efficiency. In the present design with frequency detuning and uniform wiggler the efficiency is /spl sim/1.8%. In addition, electron-pulse slippage is shown to be substantially reduced in a high-gain amplifier.     

High-brightness injectors for RF-driven free-electron lasers

Free-electron laser (FEL) oscillators require pulse trains of high peak brightness and, in some applications, high average power. Recent developments in the technology of photoemissive and thermionic electron sources in RF cavities for electron linac-injector applications offer promising advances over conventional electron injectors. Reduced emittance growth in high peak current electron injectors may he achieved by using high field strengths and by linearizing the radial component of the cavity electric field at the expense of lower shunt impedance. Harmonically excited cavities have been proposed for enlarging the phase acceptance of linac cavities and thereby reducing the energy spread produced in the acceleration process. Operation of injector linacs at a subharmonic of the main linac frequency is also proposed for enlarging the phase acceptance.     

激光辐照单晶硅电池转换效率的研究

为了研究激光照射下单晶硅电池的转换效率,在理想电池太阳光照射下极限转换效率研究方法的基础上,提出激光照射下理想电池转换效率的计算方法,并推导出解析表达式,通过计算和实验测量研究了激光波长、激光强度、环境温度等因素对转换效率的影响。结果表明,相对太阳光,单晶硅电池对单色激光的光电转换效率明显提高,最高转换效率可达27.7%。该结果对激光电力传输应用的研究具有一定的参考价值。     

激光二极管泵浦高效Nd:YVO4激光器特性研究脉冲倍频稳频Nd:YAG环形激光器

报道了激光二极管泵浦高效Nd:YVO4激光器输出功率及波长特性的研究。基频光输出230 mW, 光-光转换效率为45%。对激光输出波长和泵浦功率的关系进行了研究, 发现激光器的输出波长随泵浦功率的平均变化率约为1.05×10 -3 nm/mW。利用KTP腔内倍频获得29.8 mW的绿光输出, 光-光转换效率为12.4%。在脉冲稳频Nd:YAG激光器的基础上, 采用辅助的长脉冲网络泵浦和短而强的主脉冲泵浦相结合, 以F-P共焦腔为参考频标, 通过同步搜索补偿稳频技术和截波技术.获得中心频率稳定、频漂小于10 MHz、脉宽100 μs、峰值功率>100 W的无尖峰结构的0.53 μm稳频绿光输出。     

连续泵浦Nd:YAG声光调Q用Mg:LiNbO_3腔内倍频的研究

本文报导高掺MgO—LiNbO_3晶体的倍频性能和腔内倍频时有关参数的最佳化实验结果。在连续泵浦功率为3.6千瓦,调制频率为3千赫的Nd:YAG声光调Q激光器腔内倍频,获得平均功率2瓦,脉宽约300毫微秒,峰值功率为2.3千瓦,单程倍频效率为34％的绿光输出。     

The Michelson resonator free-electron laser. I. Passive modestructure and mode decay

A general analysis of the evolution of phase locking in an RF linac-driven Michelson resonator free-electron laser (FEL) is presented. By providing a delay of one RF period in the secondary arm of the interferometer, successive optical pulses can be coupled at the beamsplitter, so that they build up from noise with a definite phase relationship. Phase locking is described in terms of longitudinal mode decay by extracting the mode losses directly from the passive frequency response of the resonator. The analyses predict significant mode structure simplification in microsecond macropulses, so that high-resolution spectroscopy is feasible on RF linac-driven FELs. Simulations of the perfectly tuned Michelson resonator FEL are described from spontaneous radiation to saturation, using a one-dimensional pulse propagation code. Excellent agreement with the analytical results in the small-signal regime is demonstrated     

A novel Smith-Purcell free electron laser

An experiment on a novel Smith–Purcell free electron laser (FEL) is described in this paper. The FEL is driven by a relativistic sheet electron beam of middle energy. The high frequency system of the device is a quasi-optical resonator composed of a diffraction grating and a three-mirror reflector. Coherent radiation with a peak power of tens of kW at the 3 mm waveband is sucessfully detected from an experimental facility. The main experimental parameters are: sheet beam energy from 400 kV to 500 kV; pulse length of voltage 70 ns; pulse beam current 0.2 kA; synchronous guide magnetic field up to 1.2 T with 10 ms pulse length; and grating period 2.2 mm.     

MOPA方式高峰值功率脉冲光纤放大器模拟

为了研究如何从脉冲种子光经放大器后获得能量为毫焦级、纳秒级脉宽的激光脉冲,以及重频、受激喇曼效应对输出激光脉冲的影响,采用基于主振荡动率放大方式建立了3级脉冲双包层掺Yb光纤放大器的瞬态理论模型。在不同重频下对能量为10nJ、脉宽为100ns的脉冲种子光经放大后的脉冲能量、峰值功率、平均功率、脉宽及受激喇曼效应进行了数值模拟。计算数据表明,当重频小于200Hz时输出激光脉冲的能量、波形受重频的影响很小,可以忽略不计,在适当参量下受激喇曼效应对各级放大输出几乎没有影响。结果表明,适当选择3级光纤放大器的各项参量可以实现毫焦级的激光脉冲输出。     

Effect of Oligothienyl Chain Length on Tuning the Solar Cell Performance in Fluorene‐Based Polyplatinynes

A series of solution‐processable and strongly visible‐light absorbing polyplatinynes containing oligothienyl–fluorene ring hybrids were synthesized and characterized. These rigid‐rod organometallic materials are soluble in polar organic solvents and show intense absorptions in the visible spectral region, rendering them excellent candidates for bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. The photovoltaic behavior depends significantly on the number of thienyl rings along the polymer chain, and some of these polymer solar cells show high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 2.9% and a peak external quantum efficiency to 83% under AM1.5 simulated solar illumination. The effect of oligothienyl chain length on improving the polymer solar cell efficiency and on their optical and charge transport properties is elucidated in detail. At the same blend ratio of 1:5, the light‐harvesting capability and PCE increase markedly with increasing number of thienyl rings. The power dependencies of the solar cell parameters (including the short‐circuit current density, open‐circuit voltage, fill‐factor, and PCE) were also examined. The present work opens up an attractive avenue to developing conjugated metallopolymers with broad and strong solar energy absorptions and tunable solar cell efficiency and supports the potential of metalated conjugated polymers for efficient power generation.     

56 J高能长脉冲Nd:YAG固体激光器

从速率方程出发,推导出长脉冲Nd:YAG高能固体激光器的平均功率表达式及单脉冲能量表达式,模拟得到输出镜最佳透过率及最大输出平均功率.采用对称平行平面谐振腔研制出灯泵浦脉冲Nd:YAG激光器.激光器输出最大单脉冲能量56 J,最大平均功率为500 W;光束质量M2=48.7,总体电光转换效率为4.2%,输出功率稳定性为±2%.     

百瓦级PCFA/LBO倍频绿光皮秒激光器

具有高平均功率的皮秒级脉冲激光在工业加工、空间探测等领域具有重要的应用。但是锁模产生的皮秒种子光因脉冲宽度窄、单脉冲能量低,难以直接通过传统的行波放大实现功率的高效提升,因此也限制了输出脉冲的非线性频率转换效率。文中通过光栅啁啾脉冲展宽器和狭缝,将中心波长为1030 nm、脉冲宽度7 ps、重复频率52 MHz的光纤锁模种子光脉冲宽度展宽至32 ps,且将其光谱宽度控制在1.1 nm,利用两个空气包层光子晶体光纤放大器将功率放大至190 W。最后通过温度相位匹配LiB₃O₅ 晶体实现了平均功率为103.1 W的绿光皮秒脉冲输出,光束质量因子1.17,二次谐波转换效率54.3%。     

RF Class-D Amplification With Bandpass Sigma–Delta Modulator Drive Signals

The power efficiency of a RF Class-D amplifier with a bandpass sigma-delta (SigmaDeltaM) modulator is analyzed for a complementary voltage-switched configuration. The modulator broadens the application of the amplifier to include signals with time varying envelopes such as W-CDMA. The addition of a modulator introduces new design variables which affect amplifier power efficiency including coding efficiency and the average transition frequency of the pulse train. Design equations are derived for the optimum load impedance, output power, conduction losses, capacitive switching losses, and drain efficiency. The general design equations are consistent with both periodic and aperiodic drive signals. Analytic and simulated results are compared for an example design with pseudomorphic high-electron mobility transistor and metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor switches with a fourth-order bandpass SigmaDeltaM. The results show a drain efficiency of 52% with a 10-dB peak-to-average power ratio W-CDMA source signal at a frequency of 500 MHz     

Demonstration of the monolithic interconnection on CIS solar cells by picosecond laser structuring on 30 by 30 cm2 modules

In this paper, we present the selective structuring of all three patterns (P1, P2 and P3) of a monolithic interconnection of CIS (Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂) thin film solar cells by picosecond laser pulses at a wavelength of 1064 nm. We show results for single pulse ablation threshold values and line scribing of molybdenum films on glass (P1), CIS on molybdenum (P2) and zinc oxide on CIS (P3). The purposes of these processes are the p‐type isolation (P1), cell interconnect (P2) and n‐type isolation (P3), which are required for complete cell architecture. The half micron thick molybdenum back electrode can be structured with a process speed of more than 15 m/s at about 15 W average power without detectable residues and damage by direct induced laser ablation from the back side (P1). The CIS layer can be structured selectively down to the molybdenum at process speeds up to 1 m/s at about 15 W average power, due to the precision of direct laser ablation in the ultrashort pulse regime (P2). The ZnO front electrode layer is separated by clean trenches with straight side walls at process speeds of up to 15 m/s at about 10 W average power, as a result of indirect induced laser ablation (P3). A validation of functionality of all processes is demonstrated on CIS solar cell modules (30 × 30 cm²). By replacing one state‐of‐the‐art process by a picosecond laser process at a time, solar efficiencies could be increased for P1 and P2 and stayed on a similar level for P3. After an optimization of the patterning processes in the R&D pilot line of AVANCIS, we achieved a new record efficiency for an all‐laser‐patterned CIS solar module: 14.7% as best value for the aperture area efficiency of a 30 × 30 cm² sized CIS module was reached. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

皮秒脉冲激光辐照太阳能电池损伤特性实验研究(特邀)

以皮秒脉宽激光多脉冲损伤太阳能电池为背景,通过激光烧蚀电池前后表面形貌、电池伏安特性、电致发光特性获得损伤特性。采用脉宽15 ps、波长1 064 nm皮秒脉冲激光辐照三结GaAs太阳能电池进行实验。通过重频调节改变激光辐照功率,对太阳能电池栅线与非栅线部位在激光辐照下的损伤特性进行分析。实验发现辐照非栅线部位时,尽管激光光斑较小,但电池内部材料已经发生损伤,主要是由于电池内部材料有序结构的破坏逐渐增大,尤其是激光功率越高时,内部损伤面积越大。当激光辐照栅线部位时,栅线部位受热熔断会极大影响太阳能电池对载流子的吸收,从而降低电池的光电转换能力,进而影响太阳能电池的电性能,使得激光辐照栅线部位损伤效果强于辐照非栅线部位。     

58kW高峰值功率窄线宽纳秒脉冲光纤激光器

报道了一种峰值功率58 kW的窄线宽纳秒脉冲光纤激光器,由窄线宽种子源加4级光纤放大的主振荡功率放大(MOPA)结构组成。窄线宽种子源输出的连续种子光经电光强度调制器调制为纳秒脉冲信号光,经4级光纤放大,输出峰值功率达58 kW的窄线宽脉冲激光,中心波长106431nm,平均功率569W,重频100kHz,脉宽98ns,斜效率717,光束质量M2=134,偏振消光比156dB。激光功率的进一步提升受限于次脉冲及自相位调制。该高峰值功率窄线宽纳秒脉冲光纤激光器可在激光雷达中得到应用。     

The Michelson resonator free-electron laser. II. Supermodestructure and mirror detuning effects

For pt.I, see ibid., vol.29, no.2, p.452-64 (1993). Conventional mode-locked laser theory is applied to the longitudinal mode structure in an RF linac-driven Michelson resonator free-electron laser (FEL). A greatly simplified derivation of the small-signal small-gain FEL coupled mode equations is obtained. These equations are solved numerically in the frequency domain to study the supermode evolution in the presence of mode dependent cavity losses. The results are compared with simulations of the detuned Michelson resonator FEL using a pulse propagation code based on the Maxwell-Lorentz equations of motion. Increasing the interferometer detuning broadens and shifts the cavity detuning curve, narrows the supermode spectrum, and decreases the hypermode decay rates. The practical consequences of each of these effects are discussed. A simple theory describing the dependence of the hypermode decay rates on interferometer detuning, in which the decay rates are abruptly decreased beyond a critical detuning that depends primarily on the slippage length, is outlined     

LD抽运Cr4+:YAG被动调Q c-cut Nd:YVO4自拉曼激光器

对激光二极管(LD)抽运的Cr4+:YAG被动调Q c-cut Nd:YVO4自拉曼激光器进行了实验研究。通过采用不同初始透射率的Cr4+:YAG和不同反射率的输出镜进行实验,研究了初始透射率和反射率对拉曼光输出特性的影响。测量了拉曼光的平均输出功率、脉冲重复频率和脉冲宽度随抽运功率的变化。在抽运功率为4.8 W时,拉曼光的最高平均功率为370mW,相应的光-光转换效率为7.7%。实验中得到了亚纳秒级的拉曼光输出,最高单脉冲能量为54μJ,最高峰值功率为47kW。     

重复率YAG激光脉冲同步泵浦染料激光器

用热稳定腔主被动锁模重复率脉冲YAG激光器的倍频光,同步泵浦R6G染料激光器。获得平均功率14mW,单脉冲峰值功率大于5MW,单脉冲宽度28ps,脉冲列重复率为20pps。可调范围为555.0至586.5nm,谱线宽度约0.1nm,最窄谱宽为0.04nm,转换效率11％的可调谐激光。