焊接工艺参数对6061-T6铝合金静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊组织及力学性能的影响

采用不同的压入量、旋转速度和焊接速度对6061-T6铝合金进行静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊,研究了焊接工艺参数对接头组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,所有试验参数下,焊缝表面光滑、几乎不产生飞边,焊接工艺参数能够影响材料的流动性,进而对接头成形、组织和力学性能产生影响。焊接工艺参数显著影响焊核区形态,当焊核区为球状,焊缝显微组织硬度呈W形对称分布;而当焊核区为碗状时,前进侧显微硬度略高于后退侧。在最优参数下,即压入量为0. 08 mm、旋转速度为1 600 r/min和焊接速度为500 mm/min,接头抗拉强度为224 MPa,达到母材的75. 6%。     

焊接电流对X100管线钢焊缝组织性能的影响

采用钨极氩弧焊焊接方法对X100管线钢进行焊接试验,分析了不同焊接电流下所得焊缝微观组织及宏观力学性能.结果表明:当焊接速度为4.29 mm/s时,随着焊接电流的增加,其焊缝的硬度变小,冲击功呈先减小后增加、强度呈先增加后减小的变化趋势;当焊速为7.22 mm/s时,随着焊接电流的增加,其焊缝的硬度和强度呈下降趋势,韧性有所提高.     

3A21铝合金厚板搅拌摩擦焊组织及性能研究

对18 mm厚的3A21铝合金板进行搅拌摩擦焊单道对接,焊后通过分层切片拉伸试验、显微硬度试验以及微观组织、断口形貌观察来分析接头的组织和性能。试验结果表明,在焊速为30 mm/min,转速为1 500 r/min时,接头的抗拉强度为122 N/mm~2,达到了母材强度的87%。显微硬度分布趋势为,热力影响区的硬度比热影响区的高;前进侧热力影响区的硬度比后退侧热力影响区的高;显微硬度沿焊缝中心呈不对称分布,沿焊缝中心厚度方向硬度的最高值出现在焊缝下部。焊缝四个区域的晶粒组织有明显差异。热影响区组织最为粗大,性能较差,是拉伸试验时均断裂在前进侧热影响区处的原因。     

7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊研究

使用搅拌摩擦焊对8mm厚的7075-T7351铝合金进行了单道平板对接。结果表明,在工艺参数为搅拌头旋转速度为1180r/min、焊接速度为37.5mm/min时,可获得较好的接头,抗拉强度达到390MPa,是母材强度的78%;7075-T7351铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头微观组织为典型的搅拌摩擦焊接头组织,焊核区为细小的等轴晶,晶粒大小为6~7μm,母材组织中的强化相在此区域消失;接头显微硬度值分布趋势沿焊缝中心两侧基本对称,热机影响区-热影响区过渡区及焊核区硬度低于母材,是焊件的薄弱环节。     

焊接速度对7A04铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能的影响

采用不同焊接速度焊接7A04铝合金板材,并对搅拌摩擦焊接头进行微观组织和力学性能分析研究。结果表明,接头焊核区由于搅拌头的搅拌作用及发生动态再结晶,形成细小等轴晶,尺寸远小于母材;机械热影响区处于搅拌头外缘,在搅拌头搅拌作用下发生明显的拉伸变形;热影响区晶粒发生明显粗化。不同焊接速度下焊缝区的硬度分布整体上呈"W"形分布,接头软化,焊缝区硬度低于母材,硬度最高值出现焊核区,最低值出现在热影响区。当旋转速度为800 r/min,焊接速度为120 mm/min时,接头成型性最佳,其抗拉强度为410 MPa,达母材强度的75%。     

ZK61镁合金搅拌摩擦焊的焊缝组织及力学性能

通过金相观察、显微硬度测试及拉伸力学试验等研究了ZK61镁合金搅拌摩擦焊的焊缝组织、显微硬度及力学性能。结果表明:焊核区组织细小,焊缝整体形貌呈对称分布;焊缝区显微硬度相差不大,焊核区硬度最低;焊接接头的屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率分别达到原始板材的90.4%、79.3%、35.6%。     

厚板铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头显微组织与力学性能

对14 mm厚板铝合金搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)接头焊核区微观组织,整体和分层切片力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,当旋转速度为400 r/min,焊接速度为60-100 mm/min时,接头抗拉强度σb、屈服强度σ0.2和延伸率δ随焊速的升高而降低.焊缝分层切片的σb,σ0.2和δ上部最高,分别达到了186.7 MPa,100.3 MPa和14.1%;下部最低,分别为157.5 MPa,80.2 MPa和10.1%.微观断口中存在大量的网状韧窝,切片上部韧窝最深,焊缝根部可见沿晶界的二次裂纹和浅韧窝.显微硬度分布为焊缝上部高于下部,沿焊缝中心呈不对称分布.焊核区上部等轴再结晶晶粒尺寸大于焊缝下部.焊核区上部的第二相粒子相对下部更均匀和细小,强化作用增强.     

TC4钛合金电子束焊接头性能研究

对比分析了TC4电子束焊接头的金相组织、强度、塑性及硬度指标,并检测了焊缝表面及内部质量。结果表明,TC4电子束焊熔深达23～25 mm,焊缝呈钟罩形,接头成形良好,焊缝区产生大量马氏体组织;电子束焊焊缝区和HAZ区硬度高于母材的,消应力热处理后接头硬度提高;电子束焊接头强度高于母材的,塑性低于母材的,消应力热处理后焊接接头强度升高,母材的强度降低,塑性变化不大。     

厚板铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及性能沿厚度方向的变化规律

通过分层法对30 mm厚7A05-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头焊核区不同位置的微观组织、力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,上表层附近的再结晶晶粒尺寸最大;当旋转频率为360 r/min,焊接速度为100 mm/min时,TI到T5层的抗拉强度分别为326,354,342,334和307 MPa,呈先高后低的趋势,且屈服强度和断后伸长率也呈一样的趋势;微观断口中存在大量的网状韧窝,其中分层切片T2上韧窝最深.显微硬度分布为焊缝上部高于下部,沿焊缝中心不对称分布.随厚度增加,轴肩产生的摩擦热自上到下不断降低,是造成中下部工件性能下降的主要原因.     

30 mm 7A05铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及力学性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法利用新型搅拌头对30 mm厚的7A05-T6铝合金进行了单道对接,焊后分析讨论了焊缝接头微观组织和力学性能.结果表明,接头焊核区发生动态再结晶,生成细小的等轴晶粒;焊缝两侧热力影响区受机械和热的双重作用,组织存在较大差异,前进侧为窄条状组织,后退侧为扁平状组织;热影响区晶粒粗化;在焊接30 mm板时,工艺参数范围较窄,旋转频率为360 r/min,焊接速度为100 mm/min时,可获得无缺陷、成形好的焊缝;接头抗拉强度为367.7 MPa、屈服强度为280.8 MPa、断后伸长率为14.4%高于母材,接头抗拉强度可达母材的95%.接头显微硬度的分布呈类似W形分布,热影响区软化趋势比较明显.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.