新能源开发与我国能源的可持续发展

通过对我国新能源开发的自然基础和发展现状的分析，将新能源的开发与未来能源的可持续发展相融合，分析我国新能源应以太阳能和风能为开发重点，并提出推进新能源开发需要解决的若干问题。     

分布式光伏项目国企开发模式及风险研究

分布式新能源发电低碳清洁、因地制宜、开发潜力巨大,是应对气候变化、化石能源资源枯竭和环境污染,推动能源革命,实现我国"30·60"双碳目标的重要途径.国有企业作为我国国民经济的中坚力量,对于促进我国分布式新能源快速健康发展具有不可替代的作用.文章系统梳理了我国分布式光伏产业的发展现状,总结了不同分布式光伏项目客户类型的特点及其盈利模式,分析了不同开发模式可能面临的风险以及国有企业参与分布式光伏项目开发的优、劣势,研究成果可为国有企业开发分布式光伏项目提供参考.     

中国城市新能源发展决策支持指标体系构建及应用

由于我国缺乏有效的城市新能源开发利用指标体系,导致在选择需要优先发展的城市新能源领域以及开发排序方面一直存在不同的意见与观点,不利于科学决策。文章通过城市新能源对城市的经济、社会、环境和政府财政负担4个方面的影响,选取了8项城市影响因子,并根据我国国情引用层次分析法建立了城市新能源发展决策支撑指标体系。在泰安市新能源城市规划中运用此指标体系,根据泰安市的城市定位、发展目标、城市特色给出泰安市的新能源发展建议。     

全球新能源发展模式及对我国的启示

在分析近年新能源所占比重增大(但仍偏低)、新能源非均衡发展态势及消费特点、发达经济体主导全球新能源开发、新能源利用集中于民用领域的整体格局基础上,探讨了新能源发展规划目标及配套法律、新能源发展初期的市场保障机制、适度补贴和扶持的定价机制、税收调节的必备手段、多样化和创新型的融资等发展模式及其主要特征,据此启示我国新能源规划与发展应注重全局性和层次性、实施配额管理制度、建立并完善国内绿色能源交易市场,以推动我国新能源健康高效发展.     

能源的开发利用与节能

在节能与环保问题成为当今全球性重要研究课题的情况下,笔者对中国能源的现状、新能源开发问题和在用车辆的环保节能问题进行了研究探讨。认为我国应加大开发可再生能源、核能源的力度,开发城市生活垃圾的新能源,找出在用柴油车实现环保节能的一些新措施。     

我国新能源汽车产业锂资源需求分析及政策建议

近年来我国新能源汽车市场的快速发展有力带动了动力电池正极材料需求迅速增长。锂作为各类动力电池技术路线不可替代的关键资源,已成为保障新能源汽车产业健康发展的重要因素。随着未来新能源汽车的普及和电力系统大规模储能技术的应用,我国对锂资源的需求还将保持上升势头。我们研究发现,虽然我国锂矿资源量能满足近中期市场需求,但由于项目评估缓慢、资本短期投机等原因,导致锂矿产能爬坡慢,继而或将制约下游产业发展。基于我国新能源汽车产业发展趋势和锂资源消费增速预测,本文认为开发国内锂资源是提高资源战略储备、对冲国际市场波动、提升产业链安全的必然选择。因此,建议在保证生态环保前提下,加大锂资源开发力度、统筹矿石和盐湖锂资源开发布局与时序、构建资源开发与社会经济协同发展机制。     

高比例新能源微电网参与电网调峰能力评估

风能、太阳能等新能源的开发和利用越来越受到人们的重视,但其随机性和波动性将会对电网的稳定运行带来不利影响。高比例新能源微电网因其自身具备一定的调控能力,可用来参与电网调峰。围绕高比例新能源接入条件下电网调峰需求,提出了高比例新能源微电网参与电网调峰的3种模式,建立了高比例新能源微电网调峰能力评估指标体系,并对高比例新能源微电网调峰能力的具体指标的敏感度进行了分析评估,为我国新能源微电网参与调峰提供了一种有效的技术评估手段和方法。     

后核危机时代日本新能源格局的转变及启示

日本是全球重要的能源消耗大国和电力能源生产国,凭借技术和资金的优势,日本在新能源开发和利用方面已处于世界领先地位,因此后核危机时代日本的新能源发展趋势必将对全球的能源战略产生深远的影响。通过系统性地阐述日本面临的发展机遇和挑战,剖析日本能源战略的转变,解读后核危机时代日本能源战略对中国能源格局和新能源发展战略产生的影响,思考我国在后核危机时代新能源发展中面临的问题和机遇,明确我国新能源产业的发展方向,为我国把握后核危机时代的新能源发展机遇提出思考性意见。     

我国未来新能源和可再生能源发展前景

本文就我国当前的能源形势、开发新能源和可再生能源的必要性、新能源和可再生能源的前景及其优越性以及存在的问题等四方面做出了论述，最后提出几点看法和建议。     

关于我国能源利用与环境保护的现状分析

调整能源结构 ,才能使我国经济与环境协调发展。分析了我国能源与环境现状 ,提出要重视节约能源、鼓励开发新能源、推动农村能源建设及推广清洁生产技术 ,以实现我国的可持续发展战略     

德国《可再生能源法》实施及调整对其沼气产业发展的影响分析

德国《可再生能源法》是推动其可再生能源发展的重要法律文件。本文介绍了该法规的出台背景,着重量化分析了自2004年以来德国《可再生能源法》四次修改调整对沼气产业发展的影响,包括德国新增沼气发电站数量和总装机容量、能源作物种植面积的变化以及补贴措施。分析结果表明,《可再生能源法》的调整对沼气产业的发展影响显著,该法规EEG-2004和EEG-2009强烈刺激了沼气产业的快速发展,而EEG-2012和EEG-2014则修正了沼气产业的过快发展。《可再生能源法》对上网电价补贴的合理制定,实施效果评估机制的建立和逐步引导沼气产业市场化机制的设计保障了德国沼气产业的健康有序发展。本文同时还讨论了德国案例对我国沼气发展的启示,对我国发展沼气产业政策提出了包括后端补贴在内的建议。     

NRSE potential in India

India's paper presented at the UN Conference on New and Renewable Sources of Energy stressed the large potential for NRSE in India. The author contends however that the potential for biomass in India has been under estimated. He also stresses the need for an immediate conservation programme.     

Canada's energy options

Section 1—Background The conventional energy wisdoms; Alberta, oil and the tarsands—the capital cost crunch; the national energy picture and predictions for future—beginning of the end for conventional policies in [Strategies for Self-Reliance] problems of credibility for the [nuclear solution] cases for conservation and renewable energy as real alternatives to continuing, deepening crisis. Section 2—Specific Issues and Considerations Underlying components of Canadian energy crisis—capital cost pinch; lead time pinch; over-optimistic reserve forecasting; other socio-economic, environmental and political hangups. Examples: Northern energy and Dene threat to development; vast capital costs for tarsand development; environmental and cost checks on rapid, large expansion of hydro potentials; problems for nuclear energy—CANDU and Quebec separatism; overseas sales [sweeteners]. Section 3—The Mounting Crisis Ongoing thrust of energy development versus new problems and policy rationales; particular problems for nuclear power and rapid, large expansion of open-pit coal working; infrastructure and economic-social problems decreasing credibility of nuclear power and expanded coal; lead time and consumer resistance problems for electrification; transport problems for coal; strategic and political problems for nuclear; environment problems for coal; capital cost constraints. Section 4—Conservation and Renewable Energy: the New Solution Preamble to Conservation and the New Renewable Energy Sources. Section 5—Conservation Canada's energy-inefficient society; international economic and social comparisons; potentials for eliminating/reducing demand while raising GNP and showing population growth (both at decreased relative rates); economic development stages and [decoupling] high yielding conservation sectors; quantitative summaries of potentials; policy, social and economic aspects. Section 6—The Renewable Energy Sources Reasons for optimism on renewables; advantages of renewables; solar energy; wind energy; biomass energy; quantitative summaries of potentials; cost and job impacts; conclusions regarding renewable energy sources. Section 7—Programming for Conservation and Renewable Energy Outlines for a structure on which renewables and conservation are developed.     

The German Renewable Energy Sources Act—an investment into the future pays off already today

While the success of the German Renewable Energy Sources Act in supporting the use of renewable energy sources for electricity generation is widely acknowledged, it is partly criticised for imposing unjustified extra costs on society. Based on the well established ExternE methodology for the quantification of environmental externalities the paper makes an attempt to estimate the external costs avoided in the German energy system due to the use of renewable energies for electricity generation, and to compare them against the compensation to be paid by grid operators for electricity from renewable energies according to the Renewable Energy Sources Act. In spite of existing uncertainties associated with the assessment of external costs, results clearly indicate that the reduced environmental impacts and related economic benefits do outweigh the additional costs for the compensation of electricity from renewable energies.     

日本新国家能源战略及对我国的启示

2003年以来,受国际局势剧烈动荡、国际油价持续上涨、世界能源格局发生巨大变化等因素影响,能源供应安全再次引起各国的高度关注。近几年来许多国家纷纷调整或制定能源战略和能源政策,以确保能源安全。2006年5月29日,日本政府也颁布了《日本新国家能源战略》。目前,我国已把能源战略研究列入政府重要议事日程。深入研究日本的能源战略,借鉴他国的经验,对我国研究制定中长期能源战略是十分有益的。为此,现将《日本新国家能源战略》的要点作简要介绍。     

Education and training in renewable energy sources in Serbia and Montenegro

This paper reports the status of Education and Training in Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in Serbia and Montenegro (SAM) at the end of May 2003. It was found that universities in SAM do not give diplomas in RES. RES subjects primarily solar and wind energy are taught at graduate levels. RES units are taught as a part of some classical engineering disciplines at undergraduate level especially in solar and biomass energy. Teaching is mainly at encyclopedic level and staff is mainly trained in general fields. This education may be regarded as unsatisfactory and should be expanded and intensified in future.     

Renewable energy sources and rationale use of energy development in the countries of GCC: Myth or reality?

The large oil and natural gas resource base and the greater competitiveness of conventional energy supply technologies based on oil and gas is a key energy characteristic in the countries of the GCC. Until today, mostly pilot and research Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Rational Use of Energy (RUE) activities were conducted. However, these countries seem to be ready to take a more active part in the development of environmental friendly energy technologies. RES are expected to play a greater role in the future based on the rich natural potential of the region. In addition, appropriate efforts to formulate strategic RUE policies are initiated for assuring buildings sustainability and providing guidelines for future architecture. In this context, GCC countries are realizing the inevitability of putting climate change issues on the top of the list of priorities in the process of economic and social development. This paper includes an analytical review of the current RES and RUE development status in the GCC region, giving special emphasis to the business opportunities that the region offers for regional and international companies involved in this market.     

Performance of a solar crop dryer under PNG climatic conditions

A small solar crop dryer, consisting of a drying unit, thermal storage and solar collector, was designed for the climatic conditions of Papua New Guinea, and was constructed and tested at the Energy Research site of the University of Papua New Guinea. Detailed experimental studies were carried out for drying of tapioca, as well as the testing of the drying unit with and without thermal storage. Based on economic analysis, it is observed that the annual cost per kilogram of dried tapioca is about K0.27 ≠.     

九评：我国电网谷电大规模储能调峰技术路线

我国电网“峰谷差越来越大”对“电能质量”负面影响也越来越大,并且,相伴引起我国电网运行20天累积浪费的“谷电无效负荷”电能,相当于三峡一年的发电量。我国电网峰谷差的病态程度,已经到了需要深度治疗的时候了。加快构建我国“谷电大规模化学储能调峰板块”是深度治疗的主要手段。降低“峰谷差”是解决“电能质量”、“浪费谷电”矛盾的前提因素;而“调峰”是降低“峰谷差”的唯一手段。因此,“谷电大规模燃料可循环化学储能调峰”是关乎我国电力产业的重大的命题。物理储能方式的客观性局限及“二次电池”的“先天不足”秉性,可定性它们只适宜承担储能调峰的辅助角色。“中华新能源” 世界首创,主要技术指标国际领先,性价比优势明显,适合扮演我国“谷电储能大规模调峰板块”的主要角色。构建我国“谷电大规模化学储能调峰板块”可操作的商业模式＝到位的优惠鼓励政策＋上网即卖电＋推广“中华新能源”技术路线。纵观世界“储能技术大赛”现状,如果按照该商业模式启动并健康发展,中国有实力成为优胜者！     

Promoting renewable energy sources for heating and cooling in EU-27 countries

In addition to public policies aimed at improving the energy efficiency of buildings, EU authorities have also promoted the use of Renewable Energy Sources for heating and cooling uses (RES H&C). This paper analyses the main policy measures implemented in EU-27 countries up to 2009: i.e. subsidies, tax incentives, financial support and feed-in tariffs. Twenty-three Member States (MSs) have developed some of these policy measures.