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通过对预先切向极化和纵向极化的PLZT铁电陶瓷试样表面引入维氏压痕,在压痕引入前后以及外加电场作用下原位记录维氏压痕裂纹尖端处的Raman光谱变化。结果表明:裂纹尖端的Raman光学模的强度与90°畴变、试样的预先极化方向以及裂纹尖端的空间分布位置密切相关。当试样的极化方向与外加电场方向垂直时,极化试样的维氏压痕裂纹尖端发生90°畴变,抑制裂纹的生长,此时观测到的Raman光谱强度变化最显著。当试样的极化方向与外加电场方向平行时,几乎不发生90°畴变,将导致裂纹尖端的裂纹生长。 相似文献
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研究了不同极化状态下PZT-5H铁电陶瓷压痕裂纹在应力和电场单独作用以及耦合作用下的扩展行为结果表明, 压痕裂纹残余应力引起的应力场强度因子近似等于断裂韧性.对沿长度方向极化的试样,正、负电场均能引起压痕裂纹的扩展,但正电场的作用更大.电场和应力的耦合作用表现为对应力的线性叠加.电场引起的内应力σin=(?)YE/[1.16(1-v2)Ec],式中(?)=(2.75=5.71)×10-4,与PZT的极化状态有关. 相似文献
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环境断裂研究进展 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
本文介绍了环境断裂近年来的研究进展.第一部分是功能材料的环境断裂.研究发现,铁电陶瓷如PZT和Ba-TiO3在有水或无水环境中,应力能使压痕裂纹发生滞后扩展(即存在应力腐蚀).恒电场能引起铁电陶瓷的畴变,不协调畴变会产生内应力,电场和应力场对环境断裂存在耦合作用,因此,恒电场下环境断裂的本质是内应力引起的环境断裂;对磁致伸缩材料如(ThDy)Fe2,应力和磁场均能引起畴变,卸载压痕裂纹在湿空气中的滞后扩展以及恒磁场引起的滞后畴变及滞后开裂均能发生.第二部分是关于氢压裂纹(白点)的再认识.氢压裂纹形核前是一个内壁光滑的空腔,微裂纹从空腔壁产生,而后连接形成白点.白点断口和含白点试样的断口概念不同,对车轮钢,前者为准解理的穿晶断裂,和氢致滞后开裂断口相同,但后者则依赖断裂方式和试样厚度.钢中白点除了产生二次裂纹外,对各种断口形貌均没有影响.车轮钢的滞后断裂由原子氢引起,与白点无关. 相似文献
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原位XRD法研究电疲劳过程中铁电陶瓷PLZT的畴变 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用SEM观察了未疲劳和疲劳铁电陶瓷极化试样的断口形貌.利用原位XRD观测了电疲劳过程中极化试样表面铁电电畴的变化,并记录了相应的剩余极化强度.实验结果表明:疲劳试样的主要断裂模式为沿晶断裂;随疲劳次数的增加,每次疲劳后试样表面I(002)减小,I(200)增加;每次疲劳后在外加电场作用下试样表面I(002)增加幅度和I(200)减小幅度随疲劳次数的增加而减少.这些现象说明:可翻转电畴的减少是剩余极化强度降低的主要原因;非协调高畴变应变形成大量沿晶微裂纹并导致疲劳试样主要断裂模式为沿晶断裂;沿晶微裂纹的形成和伸长主要发生在电疲劳的初期. 相似文献
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通过在硅油中加恒电场实验,研究了PZT-5H铁电陶瓷Vickers压痕裂纹的扩展行为,探讨了电场、残余应力以及介质间的耦合作用.结果表明,残余应力不足以使压痕裂纹在硅油中发生滞后扩展,只有外加恒电场E>0.2 kV/cm,电场、残余应力和介质的耦合才能使压痕裂纹在经过一个孕育期tp后发生滞后扩展.由于有效应力强度因子随裂纹扩展而下降,故压痕裂纹扩展10-30 μm后就将止裂.压痕裂纹在硅油中滞后扩展的门槛电场强度EDp=0.2 kV/cm.如外加电场大于临界电场Ep=5.25 kV/cm,电场和残余应力的耦合可使压痕裂纹瞬时扩展;保持恒电场,裂纹能继续扩展,然后止裂.如外加电场大于12.6 kV/cm,不需要残余应力协助,电致裂纹也能在光滑试样上形核、长大、连接,导致试样断裂.试样发生电致滞后断裂的门槛电场EDF=12.6 kV/cm,发生瞬时断裂的临界电场EF=19.1 kV/cm. 相似文献
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Deng-Kui Zhang Guo-Qing Wang Ai-Ping Wu Ji-Guo Shan Yue Zhao Tian-Yi Zhao Dan-Yang Meng Jian-Ling Song Zhong-Ping Zhang 《金属学报(英文版)》2019,32(6):684-694
In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone. 相似文献
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After nearly two years'tense construction the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry 《中国铸造》2008,5(1):63-64
After nearly two years' tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry (SRIF), located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation. 相似文献
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Z. Sun S.L. Zheng Y. Zhang 《金属学报(英文版)》2007,20(3):187-192
Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process. 相似文献
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R. González-Martínez 《金属学报(英文版)》2007,20(4):235-240
The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke. 相似文献
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R.Z. Wu Z.K. Qu B.D. Sun D. Shu J. Wang 《金属学报(英文版)》2007,20(3):193-198
The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results. 相似文献
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B.W. Zhang B.W. Li 《金属学报(英文版)》2007,20(2):129-138
On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes' collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process. 相似文献
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目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。 相似文献
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An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models. 相似文献
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Chen Wang Bei-Bei Wang Dong Wang Peng Xue Quan-Zhao Wang Bo-Lv Xiao Li-Qing Chen Zong-Yi Ma 《金属学报(英文版)》2019,32(6):677-683
A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency. 相似文献
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X.B. Li Y.Q. Xie Y.Z. Nie H.J. Peng H.J. Tao F.X. Yu 《金属学报(英文版)》2007,20(1):27-34
On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K. 相似文献