太阳能光伏光热一体化PV/T组件的实验研究

为提高太阳能的综合利用效率及光伏组件的可靠性,设计并搭建了空气型太阳能光伏光热PV/T组件的实验测试平台,并对常规PV组件和空气型PV/T组件的转化效率进行了实验测试,测试结果表明:以空气为传热介质的PV/T组件在被动循环情况下,组件的板温下降约8℃,比普通PV组件的电效率提高约0.1%,PV/T组件通风后的热效率在25%左右,综合效率最高可达72%。分析结果可为空气型PV/T组件的结构优化和建筑供暖提供参考。     

光伏直驱PV/T双源热泵热水系统性能研究

针对传统太阳能光伏光热PV/T双源热泵存在的热力性能差、能量损耗大等问题,提出一种光伏直驱PV/T双源热泵制热水系统(太阳能+空气源),并对系统进行实验研究。结果表明,在室外平均环境温度27.9℃、平均太阳辐射强度691.1 W/m²的夏天户外实验工况下,系统运行约4 h,将250 L 26.5℃的水加热到目标温度55℃,热泵平均COP为8.83。实验期间,PV/T光伏组件的平均温度比同样工况下的纯参比光伏组件温度降低9.8℃,光电性能相对提高17.53%。     

一种新型全铝扁盒式PV/T热水系统

将单晶硅光伏电池与全铝扁盒式太阳能热水器集热板通过特殊工艺粘结起来,制成了一套自然循环式光伏光热一体化(PV/T)系统,在利用太阳能发电的同时提供热水。于04年7月-10月在合肥地区进行了室外实验,测试并讨论了该系统以不同水量和不同初始水温运行时的光电光热性能。结果表明,当m/Ac>80kg/m2时,这种PV/T热水系统的发电效率在10.15%左右,热效率在50%左右,光电光热总效率可以达到60%左右,光电光热综合性能效率可以达到70%左右。相对于单纯的光伏系统或自然循环式太阳能热水系统,这种PV/T热水系统具有占地面积小、综合效率高等优点。     

简单实用的太阳能电热一体化组件

简要介绍了温度对太阳电池性能的影响和太阳电池散热及光伏光热综合利用模式.研究了水冷扁盒式不锈钢结构和水冷管板式铜铝复合结构的光伏热转换技术及太阳能电热联产一体化(PV/T)组件的设计制造及性能.通过测试对比表明:水冷管板式铜铝复合PV/T组件简单实用,具有推广价值.     

光伏/光热联合空气源热泵系统的性能研究

为了改善传统光伏发电系统的运行性能,提出了一种光伏/光热(PV/T)联合空气源热泵系统,介绍了该系统的工作原理和运行方式,研究了该系统的综合性能评价方法,然后利用TRNSYS瞬时系统模拟软件建立了该系统的仿真模型,并以重庆地区为例,对比分析了PV/T联合空气源热泵系统与单一光伏发电系统的组件表面温度、热效率、电效率、?效率和一次能源节约效率。研究结果表明：1) PV/T组件表面温度与光伏组件表面温度的变化趋势较为一致,二者的平均值相差13℃,说明PV/T联合空气源热泵系统可以有效降低光伏组件表面温度;2) PV/T联合空气源热泵系统和光伏发电系统的平均电效率分别为11.40%和9.86%,相对提高了15.62%,说明PV/T联合空气源热泵系统能够获得更多的电能;3) PV/T联合空气源热泵系统和光伏发电系统的?效率平均值分别为11.73%和8.94%,相对提高了31.21%,说明PV/T联合空气源热泵系统能够获得更多的可用能;4) PV/T联合空气源热泵系统的平均一次能源节约效率为50.94%,其总体变化趋势与热效率的变化趋势相似。     

环境条件和冷却水流量对光伏光热系统的性能影响

环境条件对光伏光热(PV/T)系统性能的影响十分显著。文章通过改变实验室内部的环境条件,对比分析了通风、密闭条件下,不同冷却水流量对PV/T系统的输出性能以及光伏组件温度的影响。实验结果表明:密闭条件下PV/T组件工作温度与周围环境温度的平均值比通风条件下高出约7℃;密闭条件下PV/T系统的输出功率、热效率比通风条件下分别增大约3.5%,13%。     

双玻光伏组件PV/T集热器特性及实验研究

利用双玻光伏组件设计了一种新的PV/T(photovoltaic/thermal)太阳能集热器,并对其热转换和传输特性进行研究。制备了透光率分别为50%和10%的2种双玻光伏组件PV/T空气集热系统样机,并对其特性进行实验研究。结果表明透光率50%的PV/T太阳能集热器,其吸热板温度高于双玻光伏组件温度,透光率10%PV/T太阳能集热器中吸热板温度低于双玻光伏组件温度,其最大温度差达到30℃,光伏组件受吸热板温度影响减小,且透光率50%集热系统输出空气温度达94℃,日热效率为49.2%,光伏组件输出效率达到9.5%,具有较好的实用性,实验结果与理论分析结果一致。研究为PV/T太阳能集热器优化设计提供了一种新的途径。     

复合抛物面聚光器（CPC）在光伏/热太阳能系统中的应用及实验

为研究复合抛物面聚光器(compound parabolic concentrator,CPC)在光伏/热(PV/T)太阳能系统中的应用特性,分析CPC-PV/T集热器内部的热传输机理,建立CPC-PV/T太阳能系统的光热、光电能量转换理论。并对系统的光热、光电转换特性进行研究,结果表明,CPC型聚光器在PV/T系统中的应用,一定程度上会导致系统光热转换性能的降低,但能有效提高系统光电转换效率。另外,设计无聚光PV/T太阳能系统样机和CPC型聚光PV/T太阳能系统样机,并对2种样机的光热、光电特性进行测试及对比分析。其中,CPC-PV/T样机的热效率为39.6%、输出电效率5.4%,无聚光PV/T样机热效率为44%、输出电效率仅为4.1%,实验结果与理论分析结果一致。     

新型管板式太阳能PV/T集热器光热特性研究与优化

为提高太阳能光伏/光热（PV/T）集热器全年运行效率,提出一种新型管板式太阳能PV/T集热器结构,并针对该集热器光热传递与光电转换过程进行分析,建立水和空气同时运行时的二维非稳态传热数学模型;在验证模型可靠性的基础上,模拟研究空气流道高度和空气流量等设计参数对PV/T集热器光热、光电特性的影响。结果表明,空气流道高度为15 mm时,PV/T集热器光电光热综合性能效率最佳;在所研究的工况下,该集热器的光电光热综合性能效率为0.84~0.87。     

一种基于微热管阵列的太阳能PV/T热泵系统能效实验研究

为了提高PV/T装置的太阳能利用效率,文章提出了一种基于微热管阵列的太阳能PV/T热泵系统,并在恒温供热条件下分析了该系统中PV/T收集器的热、电性能和热泵COP的全天变化趋势,最后将PV/T收集器的电性能与单一光伏发电系统进行对比分析。分析结果表明:在测试时间段内,PV/T收集器的平均热效率为38.7%;PV/T收集器的平均电效率为12%,比单一光伏发电系统提升了27.7%;PV/T收集器的光热光电综合平均效率为70.3%;热泵的平均COP为2.7。     

基于相变微胶囊悬浮液的太阳能光伏热系统的研究进展

在太阳能光伏热系统中,光伏电池温度过高会导致太阳能发电效率下降。相变微胶囊悬浮液(MEPCMS)是一种潜热型功能性流体,将其作为冷却介质用于太阳能光伏热系统可以有效降低光伏电池温度,提高系统的能量利用率。针对相变微胶囊易泄露、导热性差等问题提出了改性方法,使其具有光热转换功能并提升了综合性能。基于性能评价指标分析了太阳能光伏热系统性能的影响因素。结果发现,流速、浓度和太阳辐照量是影响MEPCMS在太阳能光伏热系统中换热性能的关键因素。适当增加MEPCMS浓度和流速能提高工质的换热性能,在降低光伏板温度的同时增加太阳辐照量和系统热电产量,但需结合太阳辐照量大小合理匹配工质的浓度和流速。未来研究方向可集中在提升MEPCMS在太阳能光伏热系统中的换热性能、探究运行参数和太阳辐照量之间的匹配关系、优化集热器结构、利用其蓄热性解决太阳能间歇性等方面。     

Advancement in solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) hybrid collector technology

This article presents an overview on the research and development and application aspects for the hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collector systems. A major research and development work on the photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) hybrid technology has been done since last 30 years. Different types of solar thermal collector and new materials for PV cells have been developed for efficient solar energy utilization. The solar energy conversion into electricity and heat with a single device (called hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) collector) is a good advancement for future energy demand. This review presents the trend of research and development of technological advancement in photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) solar collectors and its useful applications like as solar heating, water desalination, solar greenhouse, solar still, photovoltaic-thermal solar heat pump/air-conditioning system, building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPVT) and solar power co-generation.     

Design concept and mathematical model of a bi-fluid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar collector

This paper presents an improved design of a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar collector integrating a PV panel with a serpentine-shaped copper tube as the water heating component and a single pass air channel as the air heating component. In addition to the electricity generated, this type of collector enables the production of both hot air and water, increasing the total efficiency per unit area compared to the conventional PV/T solar collector. The use of both fluids (bi-fluid) also creates a greater range of thermal applications and offers options in which hot and/or cold air and/or water can be utilized depending on the energy needs and applications. In this paper, the design concept of the bi-fluid PV/T solar collector is emphasized with 2D steady state energy balance equations for the bi-fluid configuration are developed, validated and used to predict the performance of the bi-fluid solar collector for a range of mass flow rates of air and water. The performance of the collector is then compared when the fluids are operated independently and simultaneously. The simulations indicate that when both fluids are operated independently the overall thermal and electrical performance of the solar collector is considered as satisfactory and when operated simultaneously the overall performance is higher. The bi-fluid PV/T solar collector discussed in this paper will add insights to the new knowledge of optimizing the utilization of solar energy by a PV/T solar collector and has potential applications in various fields.     

非晶硅太阳能光伏/光热空气集热器性能对比实验研究

文章设计了新型非晶硅太阳能PV/T空气集热器,该空气集热器能够解决传统太阳能PV/T热水器在高温波动情况下,晶硅电池热应力大的问题,同时避免了冬季管道发生霜冻的现象。文章通过实验对比,分析了非晶硅太阳能PV/T空气集热器、单独非晶硅光伏电池和传统太阳能空气集热器的能量效率和[火用]效率的差异。分析结果表明:非晶硅太阳能PV/T空气集热器的平均热效率为45.70%,比传统太阳能空气集热器的平均热效率降低了约25.88%;当空气质量流量增大至0.048 kg/s时,非晶硅太阳能PV/T空气集热器中的非晶硅光伏电池的平均电效率高于单独非晶硅光伏电池,它们的平均电效率分别为4.70%,4.54%;非晶硅太阳能PV/T空气集热器的总[火用]效率高于传统太阳能空气集热器的热[火用]效率和单独非晶硅光伏电池的电[火用]效率,非晶硅太阳能PV/T空气集热器总[火用]效率最大值为7.14%。文章的分析结果为非晶硅太阳能PV/T空气集热器的推广提供了参考。     

Performance optimization of a photovoltaic/thermal collector using microencapsulated phase change slurry

In a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collector, a portion of absorbed solar energy is transformed into electrical energy, and the remaining part is transformed into thermal energy. Increasing waste heat collection and energy conversion rates are important to improve the performance of the PV/T collector. The utilization of microencapsulated phase change slurry (MPCS) in a PV/T collector to cool photovoltaic modules is an effective way, and electrical and thermal performances of the collector are improved. To investigate influences of operating parameters on performances of PV/T collector, numerical simulation is put into effect to analyze influences of the mass fraction of MPCS on the collector performance. The influences of MPCS mass flow rate and collector channel height on collector performances are also studied. When the flow rate is 0.005 kg/s and the channel height is 0.010 m, the PV/T collector obtains the best net efficiency with a MPCS mass concentration of 20 wt%. But electrical efficiency difference between 15 and 20 wt% is not obvious. With the growth in mass fraction, PV temperature drops more and more slowly because outlet fluid has not fully melt. Take PV/T collector performances into consideration, 15 wt% MPCS is a better choice to cool photovoltaic modules.     

A critical review of photovoltaic–thermal solar collectors for air heating

Integrated photovoltaic–thermal solar collectors have become of great interest in the solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) research communities. Solar thermal systems and solar PV systems have each advanced markedly, and combining the two technologies provides the opportunity for increased efficiency and expanded utilization of solar energy. In this article, the authors critically review photovoltaic–thermal solar collectors for air heating. Included is a review of photovoltaic thermal technology and recent advances, particularly as applied to air heaters. It is determined that the photovoltaic–thermal (PV/T) air heater is or may in the future be practicable for preheating air for many applications, including space heating and drying, and that integrated PV/T collectors deliver more useful energy per unit collector area than separate PV and thermal systems. Although PV/T collectors are promising, it is evident that further research is required to improve efficiency, reduce costs and resolve several technical design issues related to the collectors.     

A photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collector with a polymer absorber plate. Experimental study and analytical model

A polymer solar heat collector was combined with single-crystal silicon PV cells in a hybrid energy-generating unit that simultaneously produced low temperature heat and electricity. The PV/T unit was tested experimentally to determine its thermal and photovoltaic performance, in addition to the interaction mechanisms between the PV and thermal energy systems. Thermal efficiency measurements for different collector configurations are compared, and PV performance and temperature readings are presented and discussed. An analytical model for the PV/T system simulated the temperature development and the performance of both the thermal and photovoltaic units.     

Research on the influence of PV cell to thermal characteristics of photovoltaic/thermal solar system

In the paper, we analyzed internal thermal transmission characteristics of water‐heating photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar collector covered by photovoltaic (PV) cell, established photothermal conversion model of PV/T solar system, and analyzed the influence of PV cell coverage to photothermal characteristics of PV/T solar system. Results show that the thermal efficiency of PV/T solar system by optimizing PV cells coverage can reach 68%. In addition, by designing four water‐heating PV/T solar system prototypes with PV cell coverage of 0.4, 0.56, 0.7, and 0.82, respectively, we conducted experimental researches for the four prototypes and found that the four prototypes can achieve thermal efficiencies of 58%, 51%, 64%, and 67%, respectively, in heating 250 L of water to 50°C. The experiment results are consistent with theoretical analysis results, indicating that it is feasible to improve thermal characteristics of PV/T solar system by optimizing PV cell coverage. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

光伏/光热-地源热泵联合供热系统运行性能研究

为解决太阳电池的发电效率随温度升高而下降以及地源热泵系统供热引起的土壤热失衡问题,以典型居住建筑的光伏/光热-地源热泵（PV/T-GSHP）联合供热系统为研究对象,基于TRNSYS软件,采用土壤温度、地源热泵机组季节能效比、光伏发电效率和太阳能保证率为评价指标,对该联合供热系统进行运行性能分析。研究结果表明：夏热冬冷地区（以长沙为例）太阳能保证率相对较高,PV/T组件面积为满屋顶最大化安装（900 m²）时,第20年末土壤温度相比初始地温仅升高0.8 ℃,热泵机组季节能效比约为5.1,太阳能保证率为97.0%~98.7%;不同气候地区的太阳能保证率与PV/T组件面积和建筑全年累计供热量有关,通过定义单位建筑全年累计供热量PV/T组件面积指标,得到中国不同气候地区的太阳能保证率与该指标的耦合关系,回归方程的决定系数R²为0.983,得出在已知建筑全年累计供热量和太阳保证率设计目标值的条件下所需PV/T组件面积的计算方法。PV/T-GSHP联合供热系统的全年运行能耗显著小于平板太阳能集热器-地源热泵联合系统（最小降幅为沈阳,49.7%）,远小于空气源热泵（最小降幅为石家庄,79.8%）和燃气壁挂炉（最小降幅为沈阳,65.1%）。