PEEK不同表面粗糙度与分形维数关系研究

为探究PEEK不同表面粗糙度与分形维数之间的关系,在触针式表面轮廓仪上测量PEEK不同表面的粗糙度并采集了其轮廓曲线和数据。运用分形理论随机过程的结构函数方法,分析轮廓曲线的分形特征,并计算出不同表面粗糙度的分形维数。利用SPSS统计软件对粗糙度和分形维数关系进行拟合并得到最佳的拟合模型。结果表明:分维可以作为一个独立的表征参量来表征粗糙表面的复杂程度和粗糙度水平;PEEK的分形维数与粗糙度存在单调递减的关系,粗糙度数值越大,分形维数值越小;通过分形维数值与粗糙度之间的关系式,在一定范围内,可以通过粗糙度值计算得出分形维数值。     

机械加工表面形貌分形特征的计算方法

提出应用小波变换计算表面形貌分形特征参数，基于Weierstrass-Mandelbrot函数（W-M函数）和Majumdar-Bhushan函数（M－B函数）这2种常用于表征和模拟机械加工表面轮廓曲线的标准分形函数，验证了小波变换计算分形维数具有很高的精度。与其它计算表面形貌分形维数的方法进行了比较，结果表明小波变换方法的稳定性和准确性好。应用小波变换计算了不锈钢和铜2种材料的机械加工表面的分形维数。     

异性分形表面合成方法及表面特性研究

针对异性分形表面的建模,提出了一种以二维离散傅里叶变换为基础,以名义维数D_x,D_y为驱动参数的表面合成方法——合成维数法。通过对比名义维数与采用轮廓功率谱公式和数值分析法得到的表面计算维数的关系,验证了该方法的有效性。探讨了名义维数对x,y方向轮廓能量分布以及对表面及轮廓粗糙度的影响。一方面在轮廓功率谱分析的基础上定义了轮廓累计功率比,用于描述表面轮廓的能量分布特性,不仅促进了对名义维数和轮廓能量关系的定性理解,更能定量地解释不同维数值影响下频率和轮廓能量分布的关系。另一方面以能量分析为切入点,建立了名义维数与表面及轮廓粗糙度参数间的联系,并且依据能量守恒定律,证明并揭示了轮廓粗糙度R_qx,R_qy之间以及二者与面粗糙度S_q的关系。同时得出结论,D_x或D_y值越小,低频部分能量占比越高,反之亦然,但是x,y方向轮廓总功率始终相等,并随D_x,D_y增大而增大;D_x,D_y只影响S_q,R_qx,R_qy的绝对数值,二者的增大会引起粗糙度值增加,但并不影响R_qx,R_qy的相对关系。     

三维表面粗糙度的均方根斜率评定

基于分形几何理论,通过分析随机表面的轮廓谱矩和表面谱矩的特性,提出了三维粗糙表面的均方根斜率评定方法,并用平磨样块试验证实了该法的正确性。     

用互相关函数判别零件表面形貌的特征

通过对不同加工方法所形成的表面形貌进行测量,得到大量的实测数据。运用随机分析方法分别求出每个零件表面形貌的互相关函数及其系数,再通过对函数与系数的分析,探讨表面形貌的特征。     

分形维数与表面粗糙度参数的关系

将分形维数Ｄ与传统的表面粗糙度评定参数Ｒａ和λｑ作了比较。实验结果表明：Ｄ与Ｒａ的线性关系并不明显，而Ｄ与λｑ的相关性较好。三个参数各自反映了表面的不同特征，但不能相互替代。     

精加工表面的分形特征研究

利用触针式轮廓仪和数据采集系统对精车和平磨加工表面的轮廓曲线进行了测量,并基于分形几何理论,分析和讨论了不同工艺参地表面分形维数Ｄ和轮廓算术平均偏差Ｒａ的影响。研究结果表明：Ｄ与Ｒａ反映了表面质量的不同同,它们之间有一定的对应关系,但并不是线性的;对于同种材料,磨削加工的Ｄ值比车削时要大：对于同种加工方法,碳钢材料的Ｄ值比铸铁要大;分形维数有可能揭示材料的可加工性。     

表面微观形貌参数尺度独立性的研究

表面微观形貌的表征主要采用传统粗糙度参数和分形参数等多种参数综合描述,尺度独立性是衡量表面形貌表征参数的重要指标。研究了传统粗糙度评定参数和分形维数等表面微观形貌表征参数的尺度独立性。以准分子激光加工,平磨、外圆磨、研磨等磨削机加工表面轮廓为对象,分析了取样长度和采样间距对传统粗糙度参数和分形维数的影响。结果表明,传统粗糙度参数受取样长度和采样间距影响较大,而分形参数与尺度独立性的相关性与加工方法有关系,微细加工表面微观形貌受取样长度和采样间距的影响比机加工表面要小,准分子激光等微细加工表面的分形参数具有尺度独立性。     

Changes of Surface Topography during Wear for Surfaces with Different Height Distributions

Surface topography is one of the leading factors affecting wear processes. This study investigated topographical changes of mechanical components with non-Gaussian surfaces under sliding wear. The Johnson translatory system of distributions was applied to describe different surface height distributions. A wear model that has been experimentally confirmed for sliding wear was used to describe changes of surface heights. Based on different wear particle size distributions generated during wear, variations of surface height distribution were investigated. Relationships between topographical change and original surfaces were established. Finally, the results predicted were compared with the results using a truncation wear model     

两种测度方法表征粗糙表面的效果研究

为了比较结构函数与均方根2种测度方法对粗糙表面的分形表征效果,模拟了具有不同理论分形维数的表面轮廓曲线,然后用结构函数和均方根2种方法对它们进行分形特性表征和分形维数计算,并对表征结果进行了理论分析。研究表明,2种测度方法均具有较好的表征效果。与结构函数测度方法相比,均方根测度方法的分维计算精度高,表征曲线的线性度好,反映分形特征的无标度区间宽,分形表征效果显著。另外,均方根测度方法还具有物理意义明确和分维计算简单的优点。因此均方根测度方法不失为粗糙表面分形表征的一种有效方法。     

二维表面粗糙度的分形模拟与分析

利用Ｗ－Ｍ函数对二维表面粗糙度进行模拟，并利用其功率谱计算表面粗糙度的分形维数。最后分析了分形维数与表面的支承长度率曲线的关系。     

Modeling and prediction for 3D surface topography in finish turning with conventional and wiper inserts

Wiper insert have the characteristics of achieving an excellent surface finish and improving the productivity in turning processes. Wiper insert can provide twice feed rate while maintaining the comparable surface roughness compared to that provided by the conventional insert. In the present study, surface topographies in finish turning with conventional and wiper inserts are investigated. The key element of this work is that the cutting edge path equation in the cutting tool coordinate system is transformed into the machine tool and workpiece coordinate system by the use of spatial coordinate transformation. Following that a surface topography simulation algorithm based on the cutting edge path equation and cutting parameters is put forward. The output of this work is that both the simulated surface topography and surface roughness profile are good agreement with the experimental results. Both the simulated and the actual machined surface results show that better surface topography is obtained in finish turning with the wiper insert than that with conventional insert. Burnishing effect of the wiper insert leads to half decrease of the Ra and Rz. The actual surface profiles are no longer regular wave shapes due to ploughing effect and side flow existing in the cutting zone. In addition, a surface roughness map has also been developed to optimize the selection of wiper radius and feed rate to satisfy the requirement of surface finishing with higher productivity. From the viewpoint of cutting tool design, the wiper radius with five times larger than tool nose radius can fully come into its role. This provides a novel insight into the design of wiper insert over conventional techniques. Above all, the proposed model gives a better prediction of surface roughness in finish turning process compared to the previous empirical and regression roughness models. The prediction of surface roughness in finish turning with wiper insert is also realized.     

三体磨损过程理论研究

建立了三体磨损过程中摩擦副表面粗糙度的预测模型。算例表明 ,定载荷作用下 ,(1 )经受三体磨粒磨损之摩擦表面的粗糙度随着磨程的进行逐渐趋于某一平衡值 ,之后不随磨程而改变 ;(2 )平衡粗糙度的大小与磨粒粒度分布参数有关 ,对应于粒度的某均方根值 ,摩擦面的平衡粗糙度最大     

A Fractal Model of Mechanical Seal Surfaces Based on Accelerating Experiment

The change in surface topography caused by friction and wear influences the wear properties and service life of mechanical seal. To investigate the wear properties of mechanical seals and obtain the variation in surface topography, it is practical to carry out accelerating experiments by increasing the load, speed, or temperature of the medium than safe life tests in the field device. Based on the assumption that the same fractal roughness corresponds to the same wear properties, the pi theorem was introduced to derive the relationship of wear under experimental and actual conditions. By providing detailed values of constants in the pi theorem through accelerating experiments, a fractal model was established to predict the life expectancy of mechanical seals. Under the state of mixed friction, measured values of surface topography for experimental stationary rings and data on a mechanical seal ring's service life in the field device were in accordance with those of the model. The establishment of the fractal model provides conditions for the performance study of long-period operating mechanical seals.     

分形参数对轴心轨迹的影响

研究了分形参数对轴承轴心轨迹的影响.通过表面粗糙度理论综合均方值与分形参数的关系,把分形参数引进轴心轨迹的计算中,研究了分形维数和特征长度对轴颈位置分量和轴心的影响.研究表明： 分形维数和特征长度对轴颈位置分量产生一定的影响; 随着分形维数的增加,轴心轨迹逐渐向轴承中心靠近,但随着分形维数的继续增加,可能存在一个影响它们的极限分形维数,从而使轴心轨迹几乎保持不变,而特征长度对轴心轨迹影响不大.     

不同材料的准分子激光微细加工机制

采用准分子激光加工方法,在相同的工艺参数下加工了Al2O3陶瓷、不锈钢、Q235等脆性和塑性材料。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)获得加工表面微观形貌图像和采用表面轮廓仪测得形貌统计参数。分析得出,准分子激光的加工机理是光化学和热效应作用等多种因素影响的综合体现;加工不同材质的材料时,准分子激光具有不同的加工机制,对于脆性材料以光解剥离(APD)为主,而对于塑性材料则以热效应为主。     

基体表面的分数维对电弧喷涂层结合强度的影响

研究了不同喷砂角度下２０钢基体表面的粗糙度和分数维的变化及其对电弧喷涂层结合强度的影响,结果发现,不同角度喷砂处理对２０钢基体表面的平均粗糙度影响不大,而基体表面的分数维则受喷砂角度的影响。并且存在一个最优喷砂角度,此时基体表面形貌的分数维最大,电弧喷涂层的结合强度值也最大。     

Analysis and Convenient Formulas for Elasto-Plastic Contacts of Nominally Flat Surfaces: Average Gap,Contact Area Ratio,and Plastically Deformed Volume

Interaction of nominally flat engineering surfaces that leads to a large contact area exists in many mechanical systems. Considering periodic similarity of surface geometry, a numerical three-dimensional elasto-plastic contact model can be used to simulate the contact behaviors of two nominally flat surfaces with the assistance of the continuous convolution and Fourier transform (CC-FT) algorithm. This model utilizes the analytical frequency response functions (FRF) of elastic/plastic responses of materials and provides contact performance results, including the average surface gap, the contact area ratio, and the volume of plastically deformed material, which may be defined as performance variables. Following the digital filtration technology, rough surfaces can be numerically generated with specified autocorrelation length and the first four orders of statistical moments. A group of contact simulations are conducted with various working conditions. The effects of topographic and material properties on the contact behaviors are discussed. With a multi-variables regression method, empirical formulas are developed for the performance variables as functions of surface statistical characteristics, material properties, a hardening parameter, and the applied load in terms of pressure.     

An Investigation of the Surface Topography of Ball Burnished Mild Steel and Aluminium

An experimental analysis was undertaken on ball burnished mild steel and aluminium using a purpose built burnishing tool. The analysis was designed to assess the effects of burnishing feed, force and speed and the number of tool passes on the surface roughness and surface hardness of a mild steel and an aluminium workpiece. In some cases, experiments showed that improvements of as much as 70% in surface quality were obtained when varying the mix of parameters.