返回料的返回次数对K424合金成分和性能的影响

镍基铸造高温合金K424使用量多,返回料数量大.根据浇注某大型结构件的材料使用情况,研究了用新料和1～4次返回料对冶炼出的合金的化学成分、氧、氮含量、合金纯净度、力学性能和冷热疲劳性能的影响.结果表明:随着返回料返回次数的增加,冶炼出的合金硼、锆的含量略有下降,铈含量的变化较大,比加入量下降70%以上,合金的氧、氮含量增加,纯净度和冷热疲劳性能降低.采取一定的除气工艺,可以有效降低合金的氧、氮含量,提高合金的纯净度,改善它的冷热疲劳性能.     

添加Ag对Cu-15Ni-8Sn 合金组织及性能的影响

通过对不同Ag含量的Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金铸态、固溶态和时效态的微观组织进行分析,研究了Ag添加对 Cu-15Ni-8Sn 合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明,适量Ag元素的添加能够减少铸态Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金 的枝晶间距,抑制显微偏析,改善合金的铸态组织。此外,当Ag含量为0.2 wt.%~ 0.5 wt.% 时,可有效抑制时效过程中不连续沉淀相的析出,从而改善合金的力学性能。但是,当Ag添加量大于等于0.5 wt.% 时,对不连续沉淀的抑制效果减弱。     

W,Mo含量对700℃叶片用GY200镍基合金析出相及性能的影响

通过调整GY200型镍基高温合金中W,Mo的含量配比,设计了6种不同成分的合金。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、相分析等手段,研究W,Mo含量对GY200合金的析出相及性能的影响。结果表明合金强度随W,Mo含量增加而提高,塑韧性稍微有所下降,Mo,W总添加量达到一定时,强度不随合金元素添加量的变化而发生改变。W,Mo含量增加,合金在700℃下的强度增加,W添加量大于4%会恶化合金高温塑性。W,Mo含量的增加,γ',MC相含量增加,当W+Mo总量添加达到6%时,γ'含量不随W,Mo继续增加而变化。W,Mo原子进入γ'相中替代了Ni原子,W添加量在8%以内,进入γ'中的W占加入W的总质量分数维持在20%~30%之间;W,Mo添加对M23C6析出产生不同影响,未添加Mo的合金,W含量在4%以内,M23C6型碳化物析出数量较稳定,进一步提高W含量,析出减少。添加Mo后,W的添加量从2%提高到4%时,M23C6含量会急剧降低。     

Nb添加对Nd-Ce-Fe-B合金的磁性能及晶间交换耦合作用的影响

研究了不同含量的Nb添加对(Nd_0.5Ce_0.5)₁₃Fe_82-xNb_xB₅快淬合金的磁性能、物相组成、交换耦合作用及其初始磁化机制的影响.发现Nb添加能抑制α-Fe的形成,显著改善合金的磁性能.当Nb的添加量(原子分数)为0.5%时,合金获得较优的磁性能.随着Nb的添加量(原子分数)从0增加到0.5%,合金的矫顽力由未添加时的777 kA/m提升到900 kA/m, 最大磁能积也从未添加Nb时的64 kJ/m3增加到78 kJ/m3,而合金的剩磁仅由未添加Nb时的0.71 T轻微下降到0.70 T.合金中晶粒间的交换耦合作用随着Nb的添加而增强.合金的初始磁化机制也有了显著地变化.      

锆和钪对Al-Mg铸造合金组织和力学性能的影响

通过金相显微镜、拉伸力学性能测试、XRD等手段研究了在铸造Al-Mg合金中添加不同含量的钪和锆后合金的铸态组织。结果表明,合金添加钪和锆后,明显减小了枝晶网胞尺寸,细化了晶粒。当锆和钪的添加量分别为0.2%、0.4%时,铸造Al-Mg合金组织具有良好的综合性能。     

Er对Al-18%Si-10%Mg合金组织和性能影响的研究

在Al-18%Si-10%Mg合金中添加不同含量的Er元素,铸造成不同含量Er元素的合金铸锭。分析不同含量Er合金的显微组织、析出相的成分、测定合金的硬度、耐磨性。结果表明:Er可以有效的改善合金组织,有效的提高Al-18%Si-10%Mg合金的力学性能当Er添加量为1.0%时合金的硬度达到143HV,相比未添加Er的Al-18%Si-10%Mg增加了19.6%。有效的提高合金的摩擦性能,添加1.0%Er时,相比未添加Er元素的合金磨损量从3.0mg降到了0.9mg,降低了70%。     

In的添加对Sn-9Zn无铅焊料合金组织与性能的影响

锡锌（Sn-Zn）无铅焊料在电子封装中具有广阔的应用前景,但其润湿性和抗氧化性能较差。采用16通道摇摆炉制备Sn-9Zn-x In(x=0,1,2,3,4;%,质量分数)焊料合金,研究In元素对Sn-9Zn无铅焊料合金微观组织、熔化特性、润湿性、抗氧化性以及力学性能的影响。结果表明：添加的In元素与Sn,Zn形成低熔点合金,明显降低焊料合金的熔点及固相线温度;加入In元素使得焊料合金表面张力降低,润湿性能提高;焊料合金的润湿力在In含量为3%达到最大值（0.857 mN）;焊料添加In元素形成In2O3氧化膜有保护熔体的作用,有助于增强焊料合金抗氧化性能,不含In元素时焊料合金的氧化增重为0.47%,而In含量为3%时其氧化增重质量分数为0.14%,抗氧化性能提高;添加In后在Sn基体中产生固溶强化和析出强化使得合金抗拉强度先提高后降低,当In含量为3%时,焊料合金极限抗拉强度达到55 MPa左右。加入In后破碎为长条状、针棒状的富Zn相使得延伸率逐渐下降,当In添加量大于3%时,延伸率急剧下降。综合焊料的力学性能、润湿性、抗氧化性能,确定In的在Sn-9Zn中最优添加量为3%。     

B 含量对高能积磁体磁性能和耐蚀性的影响

通过调整钕铁硼主元B元素含量研究其对高能积磁体磁性能和耐蚀性的影响,结果表明:磁体中B含量小于5.7%时,合金中出现了易基面的Nd2Fe17相,使Br、iHc都比较低;当添加B超过5.9%时,过量的B形成非磁性的富B相,导致磁体Br下降;当B含量在5.7%～5.9%之间时,磁体有较好的磁性能.显微组织研究表明,B元素影响晶粒的尺寸和形状;磁体耐蚀性能研究表明,当B含量过少或过多时均不利于耐蚀性的提高,B含量在5.76%时为最佳添加量.     

碳铁复合低碳炼铁炉料制备与应用研究

在未来相当长一段时期内，高炉-转炉流程仍是钢铁生产的主导流程。高炉炼铁是钢铁工业节能减排的关键环节。碳铁复合炉料新技术是当前最可能实现的低碳高炉炼铁技术。阐明了高炉使用碳铁复合炉料低碳冶炼的原理，系统研究了碳铁复合炉料的制备、冶金性能优化、对含铁炉料还原过程的影响以及对高炉综合炉料熔滴性能的影响及其机理，形成了完整的竖炉法碳铁复合炉料制备和应用技术。结果表明，碳铁复合炉料制备工艺优化条件为15%铁矿B、55%烟煤A、10%烟煤B、20%无烟煤C，压块温度为300℃，1000℃炭化4h，此条件下碳铁复合炉料抗压强度达4970N，反应性为61. 08%，反应后强度达51. 23%；混装10%碳铁复合炉料，1100℃还原时球团还原率提高7. 69%；随着碳铁复合炉料添加量的增加，综合炉料软化区间从206. 3℃增加到218. 9℃，熔化区间从171. 1℃降低到124. 8℃，滴落率先升高后降低，透气性改善，综合炉料中碳铁复合炉料添加量不宜超过焦炭的30%。     

稀土元素镧对97W-Ni-Fe合金性能的影响

实验利用氢气烧结工艺制备了97W-Ni-Fe合金,研究了添加不同含量的稀土镧元素对97W-Ni-Fe合金的硬度、冲击韧性、抗拉强度、延伸率等力学性能的影响。实验结果表明:在合金显微组织中,Ni/Fe固溶体沿钨颗粒边缘呈网络分布;在1.0%的添加范围内,随着稀土镧元素添加量的增多,合金硬度呈持续上升趋势,而延伸率则连续下降;抗拉强度先逐渐上升,当镧元素含量超过0.75%则出现下降;冲击韧性先上升,当添加量超过0.25%后出现持续下降。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.