汽车防抱制动系统的Simulink仿真研究

防抱制动系统(ABS)是现代车辆上重要的主动安全装置,对于汽车行驶安全有着重要作用。为研究ABS作用过程与性能,文章运用以滑移率为控制目标的汽车防抱制动系统理论进行仿真实验。在Matlab/Simulink仿真工具箱中建立仿真模型,分别用PID控制和模糊控制实现汽车防抱制动系统。模拟多种路面条件进行车辆防抱制动过程的仿真,与不带ABS制动过程结果进行对比,验证了ABS可以在多种路面条件下保证车辆制动时的良好制动性能和操纵性能。     

基于路面识别实时控制车轮滑移率的ABS系统

汽车防抱死制动系统(ABS)是一种很重要的汽车主动安全技术。并针对路面具体情况,对车辆防抱制动系统的滑移率实时控制进行研究。该文在MATLAB/Simulink仿真环境下,建立车辆动力学模型,实现了对路面状况识别,同时对基于滑移率控制的防抱制动系统的计算机仿真。仿真结果表明,该系统能真实地反映汽车ABS系统的实际工作过程,达到了满意的控制效果。     

基于MATLAB仿真环境实现防抱制动控制逻辑

寻找理想的控制逻辑规律是车辆防抱制动系统研究与开发的重点。本研究在MATLAB／Simulink仿真环境下实现了带防抱制动系统（ABS）的车辆动力学模型计算机仿真。针对防抱控制器的关键－防抱制动控制逻辑建立了Stateflow有限状态机模型，并结合四通道防抱制动系统实现了其Stateflow模型的设计和调试，达到满意的控制效果。     

利用ADAMS与MATLAB对ABS滑模变结构控制的仿真

为了减少车辆控制系统的开发时间和费用,联合仿真的方法受到越来越多的重视。将多体系统动力学与智能控制理论相结合,对汽车制动防抱死控制系统进行了研究。它结合了不同软件的优点,可以在设计阶段验证控制算法对车辆性能的影响。利用ADAMS/CAR建立了汽车整车多体动力学模型,利用MATLAB/Simulink建立了基于滑移率的滑模变结构防抱死控制系统,利用ADAMS/Controls接口进行模型的集成、系统仿真。结果证明联合仿真方法对ABS系统设计切实可行,该控制算法具有较强的实用性。     

对开路面制动车辆稳定性的控制方法及仿真

汽车在对开路面上紧急制动是汽车制动非常恶劣的一种工况.文中分析了车辆在对开路面上制动的稳定性问题并提出了相应的解决办法,根据简化车辆模型建立了相应状态空间方程,采用最优控制方法解决车辆稳定性问题.结合制动车辆的ABS(防抱制动系统),调整相应车轮的目标滑移率,通过对车辆的横摆力矩控制和相应的车轮滑移率和附着系数的调节使车辆保持制动稳定性,从而可以在不增加硬件成本的条件下完成车辆的稳定性控制.对车辆在对开路面的制动工况进行了仿真,结果表明,所提出的方法能有效改善对开路面上车辆的制动稳定性.     

基于计算机仿真的ABS开发平台研究

该文阐述了基于计算机仿真的制动防抱系统开发技术，详细介绍了基于计算机仿真的制动防抱系统开发的三个步骤，并且给出了各个阶段的试验方案；建立了双轴汽车的制动防抱系统通用仿真开发平台，该平台具有对各种车辆ABS开发的互换性，并且操作简易，灵活；为了模拟ABS在各种路面的制动状况，该平台设计出了路面跃变模块，可进行单一路面和跃变路面的制动防抱系统仿真试验。根据试验结果验证，模型准确可靠，可以用于下一步控制器的研究开发。     

基于最佳滑移率的ABS复合控制器设计

针对目前的防抱制动系统(ABS)控制算法只局限于理论研究,不能在实际的ABS系统中得到应用的现状,提出了一种实用的ABS复合控制方案.研究了基于最佳滑移率的ABS控制器设计目标,提出了一种实用的鲁棒、逻辑门限复合控制方案,给出了控制器的设计方法.在单轮ABS系统上进行了试验,试验结果表明,在两种不同路面条件下,实际滑移率都能保持在最佳滑移率附近.因此,所提复合控制方案是可行和有效的.     

汽车防抱制动系统自寻优控制器设计

介绍了自行设计的基于德州仪器公司TMS320LF2407A的汽车防抱制动系统自寻优控制器的系统原理框图、硬件原理图、软件结构和控制算法。经多种路面状况下的半物理仿真表明,汽车防抱制动系统自寻优控制器是可行的、有效的。     

车辆特性与ABS控制算法的适应性研究

针对车辆防抱死制动系统(ABS)控制算法的选择及适用问题,提出控制算法的选择应与车辆结构及实际性能要求相结合的方法,可以充分发挥不同ABS控制算法的优越性。使用Matlab/Simulink仿真软件建立车辆单轮制动模型,针对不同的初始制动车速和质心位置向后移动两种情况,分别采用变结构滑模控制和PID控制进行了制动过程的模拟与研究。仿真结果表明,当车辆结构及制动条件发生变化时,两种控制方式都能很好的完成制动,且各有优点,可以满足不同制动性能的需求。     

防抱死制动系统的滑模变结构控制

针对汽车防抱死制动系统(ABS)的强非线性,采用基于滑移率的滑模变结构控制策略建立了ABS的仿真模型.由于引入了制动系统执行的时间延迟,导致滑模控制出现颤振现象.为了消除控制中出现的颤振,采用边界层方法来克服滑模控制的缺陷.通过对ABS在干、湿和冰路面情况下的制动仿真试验和对结果进行的分析,可以认为基于边界层的滑模控制能够获得良好的控制效果,并可用于ABS控制器的设计.     

Robust cascaded automatic cruise control of electric vehicles

This article focuses on automatic cruise control for electrically driven vehicles. The objective is to track a given vehicle‐velocity profile. For this type of application, the so‐called wheel slip plays a key role, as it is a measure for the force transmitted from the wheel to the road. Conventional wheel‐ slip controllers are usually activated if the absolute value of the slip exceeds pre‐assumed thresholds. Furthermore, it is distinguished between a braking and acceleration maneuver using separately designed and implemented controllers. In contrast, the proposed concept requires neither an activation strategy for the slip controller nor a distinction between braking and acceleration. The cascaded control structure is based upon adaptive‐gains super twisting sliding‐mode algorithm, and the friction force estimator is realized as a second‐order sliding‐mode observer with constant gains. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed concept are demonstrated in numerical simulations using a complex multibody vehicle model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于滑模变结构的飞机防滑刹车控制器设计

以飞机全电刹车为研究背景,采用滑模变结构控制策略,设计刹车防滑控制策略,解决传统刹车效率低、机轮深度打滑、低速刹车性能差等问题.在控制策略中,以最佳滑移率为目标函数,设计滑模面,实现刹车防滑控制.由于滑模控制的强鲁棒性,可有效提高系统的抗干扰能力.仿真结果可知,滑移率控制在最佳滑移率附近,刹车效率高,可消除机轮深度打滑现象,防滑效果优良.     

A novel method for non-linear control of wheel slip in anti-lock braking systems

Anti-lock braking system (ABS) provides active safety for vehicles during braking by regulation of the wheel slip at its optimum value. Due to the non-linear characteristics and model uncertainties in vehicle dynamics, a non-linear controller with increased robustness should be designed for ABS. In this paper, to achieve this aim, an optimization-based braking torque control law is developed for ABS using the prediction of the wheel slip response from a continuous non-linear vehicle dynamics model. To increase the robustness of the controller, the integral feedback technique is appended to the design method. The derived control law and its special cases are evaluated and discussed. At the end, the performance of the proposed controller is compared with that of a sliding mode controller, reported in the literature, through simulations of braking on dry and slippery roads. The simulation results indicate that, the wheel slip tracking error is remarkably decreased by the proposed controller. Moreover, the achieved control input is entirely smooth and suitable for implementation.     

基于非线性干扰观测器的飞机全电刹车系统滑模控制设计

飞机防滑刹车具有典型的强非线性、强耦合和参数时变等特点, 并且跑道环境的干扰容易对飞机的地面滑跑性能造成不利影响. 本文提出了一种基于非线性干扰观测器的飞机全电防滑刹车系统滑模控制设计方法. 首先, 考虑了实际刹车不确定性干扰条件下的防滑刹车动力学建模问题, 通过对高阶非线性刹车系统进行反馈线性化处理, 简化了基于严格反馈的模型. 其次, 基于对主轮打滑原因的深入分析, 设计了非线性干扰观测器对干扰进行在线估计, 并在控制律设计中引入补偿部分. 通过构造递归结构的快速终端滑模控制器来跟踪实时变化的最佳滑移率并建立稳定性条件, 实现了飞机全电防滑刹车系统的有限时间快速稳定并有效抑制了主轮锁定打滑. 通过在不同跑道状态下进行模拟仿真, 验证了本文提出的飞机防滑刹车控制策略可以有效地提高刹车效率.     

电动汽车低速电气制动防抱死功能的研究

研究电动汽车制动防抱死功能优化问题,电动汽车在冰雪路面上进行纯再生制动时,驱动轮极有可能抱死,从而造成车辆操纵稳定性下降。为解决上述问题,根据驱动电机在基速以下的调速特性,提出了调压调速型电气ABS模型。以单轮电动汽车模型为研究对象,设计了以车轮滑移率为控制目标的滑动模式防滑控制器。在Matlab/Simulink环境下建立了电气ABS仿真模型,仿真结果表明所建模型具有良好的稳定性;同时表明制动过程由初期的反接制动、为主体的中期再生制动及后期的反接制动构成;且制动精度明显高于传统ABS。研究结果对电动汽车再生制动系统的设计具有一定的参考价值。     

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy wheel slip control

Due to complex and nonlinear dynamics of a braking process and complexity in the tire–road interaction, the control of automotive braking systems performance simultaneously with the wheel slip represents a challenging problem. The non-optimal wheel slip level during braking, causing inability to achieve the desired tire–road friction force strongly influences the braking distance. In addition, steerability and maneuverability of the vehicle could be disturbed. In this paper, an active neuro-fuzzy approach has been developed for improving the wheel slip control in the longitudinal direction of the commercial vehicle. The dynamic neural network has been used for prediction and an adaptive control of the brake actuation pressure, during each braking cycle, according to the identified maximum adhesion coefficient between the wheel and road surface. The brake actuation pressure was dynamically adjusted on the level that provides the optimal level of the longitudinal wheel slip vs. the brake pressure selected by driver, the current vehicle speed, the brake interface temperature, vehicle load conditions, and the current value of longitudinal wheel slip. Thus the dynamic neural network model operates (learn, generalize and predict) on-line during each braking cycle, fuzzy logic has been integrated with the neural model as a support to the neural controller control actions in the case when prediction error of the dynamic neural model reached the predefined value. The hybrid control approach presented here provided intelligent dynamic model – based control of the brake actuation pressure in order to keep the longitudinal wheel slip on the optimum level during a braking cycle.     

Yaw Moment Control Strategy for Four Wheel Side Driven EV

When four wheel side driven EV travals in steering or changes lanes in high speed, the vehicle is easy to side-slip or flick due to the difference of wheel hub motor and a direct effect of vehicle nonlinear factors on vehicle yaw motion, which would affect vehicle handling and stability seriously. To solve this problem, a joint control strategy, combined with the linear programming algorithm and improved sliding mode algorithm, which combines the exponential reaching law and saturation function was proposed. Firstly, the vehicle dynamics model and the reference model according with the structure and driving characteristics of four wheel side driven EV were set up. Then, introduced the basic method of the improved sliding mode variable structure control and complete the sliding mode variable structure controller design basic on vehicle sideslip angle and yaw velocity.The controller accomplish optimal allocation of vehicle braking force through a linear programming algorithm, according to yaw moment produced by the vehicle motion state. Single lane driving simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can not only control vehicle sideslip angle and yaw velocity well, but also accomplish good controlling of the vehicle yaw moment, so as to significantly improve the handling and stability of vehicle.     

Estimation of road frictional force and wheel slip for effective antilock braking system (ABS) control

The introduction of electric braking via brake‐by‐wire systems in electric vehicles) has reduced the high transportation delays usually involved in conventional friction braking systems. This has facilitated the design of more efficient and advanced control schemes for antilock braking systems (ABSs). However, accurate estimation of the tire‐road friction coefficient, which cannot be measured directly, is required. This paper presents a review of existing estimation methods, focusing on sliding‐mode techniques, followed by the development of a novel friction estimation technique, which is used to design an efficient ABS control system. This is a novel slip‐based estimation method, which accommodates the coupling between the vehicle dynamics, wheel dynamics, and suspension dynamics in a cascaded structure. A higher‐order sliding‐mode observer–based scheme is designed, considering the nonlinear relationship between friction and slip. A first‐order sliding‐mode observer is also designed based on a purely linear relationship. A key feature of the proposed estimation schemes is the inclusion of road slope and the effective radius of the tire as an estimated state. These parameters impact significantly on the accuracy of slip and friction estimation. The performance of the proposed estimation schemes are validated and benchmarked against a Kalman filter (KF) by a series of simulation tests. It is demonstrated that the sliding‐mode observer paradigm is an important tool in developing the next generation ABS systems for electric vehicles.     

A Dynamic Method to Forecast the Wheel Slip for Antilock Braking System and Its Experimental Evaluation

The control of an antilock braking system (ABS) is a difficult problem due to its strongly nonlinear and uncertain characteristics. To overcome this difficulty, the integration of gray-system theory and sliding-mode control is proposed in this paper. This way, the prediction capabilities of the former and the robustness of the latter are combined to regulate optimal wheel slip depending on the vehicle forward velocity. The design approach described is novel, considering that a point, rather than a line, is used as the sliding control surface. The control algorithm is derived and subsequently tested on a quarter vehicle model. Encouraged by the simulation results indicating the ability to overcome the stated difficulties with fast convergence, experimental results are carried out on a laboratory setup. The results presented indicate the potential of the approach in handling difficult real-time control problems.      

电动汽车TCS滑模控制器设计

针对电动汽车在冰雪低附着极端工况极易出现的驱动轮过度滑转问题,以电动汽车驱动电机转矩为控制变量,设计了一种电动汽车驱动防滑防牵引力控制系统(Traction control system,TCS)滑模控制器,控制器通过调节驱动电机转矩,将滑转率控制在目标值附近,使汽车持续获得最大路面附着,防止车轮过度滑转,对应用滑模控制出现的抖振问题,设计了一种改进的指数型趋近律,用以削弱系统抖振。仿真结果表明,设计的TCS滑模控制器通过控制驱动电机转矩能将汽车的滑转率控制在目标值附近,使得汽车持续获得最大的路面附着,充分抑制汽车打滑,提高了汽车行驶稳定性,在整个控制过程中驱动电机转矩和状态变量收敛快速且十分平滑,抖振削弱效果良好。