发酵香肠菌种的筛选及鉴定

本文从混合发酵剂中筛选菌株,确定用于发酵香肠生产的菌株名称,并对其筛选出的菌种进行生化鉴定,结果如下:RFx1为植物乳杆菌,RF261为德氏乳杆菌,AFx1为变异微球菌,ALx3为肉糖葡萄球菌。     

发酵香肠菌种的筛选及鉴定

本文从混合发酵剂中筛选菌株,确定用于发酵香肠生产的菌株名称,并对其筛选出的菌种进行生化鉴定,结果如下:RFx1为植物乳杆菌,RF261为德氏乳杆菌,AFx1为变异微球菌,ALx3为肉糖葡萄球菌.     

发酵香肠菌种的筛选及鉴定

从混合发酵剂中筛选菌株，确定用于发酵香肠生产的菌株名称，并对其筛选出的菌种进行生化鉴定，结果如下：RFx1为植物乳杆菌，RF261为德氏乳杆菌，AFx1为变异微球菌，ALx3为肉糖葡萄球菌。     

渝黔地区传统酸肉发酵过程中微生物区系研究

目的:对渝黔地区传统酸肉微生物种群进行研究。方法:采用不同的选择培养基对微生物进行分离鉴定和计数。结果:从中分离出乳酸菌、酵母菌、葡萄球菌和微球菌,未发现霉菌。乳酸菌优势菌群主要是片球菌属和乳杆菌属,鉴定12株乳酸菌分别为乳酸链球菌、肠膜明串珠菌、类肠膜明串珠菌、植物乳杆菌、米酒乳杆菌、乳酸片球菌、戊糖片球菌、约氏乳杆菌、嗜盐片球菌和啤酒片球菌;优势菌株戊糖片球菌、植物乳杆菌贯穿整个发酵过程。葡萄球菌主要是表皮葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌、木糖葡萄球菌和肉葡萄球菌,其中木糖葡萄球菌为主要发酵菌株。酵母菌主要为汉逊酵母属、接合酵母属、毕赤氏酵母和德巴利酵母属等,鲁氏接合酵母为优势发酵菌株。结论:优势微生物是酸肉风味品质形成的基础,本研究可为高效天然肉制品发酵剂的研究提供生物资源。     

植物乳杆菌、戊糖片球菌对产肠毒素金黄色葡萄球菌生长的影响

研究食盐含量、pH值、温度对产肠毒素金黄色葡萄球菌的生长的影响,并主要研究植物乳杆菌和戊糖片球菌对产肠毒素和不产肠毒素金黄色葡萄球菌生长的影响以及之间的差别.结果表明:植物乳杆菌和戊糖片球菌均能抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的生长,植物乳杆菌的抑菌活性显著高于戊糖片球菌(P＜0.05),植物乳干菌和戊糖片球菌对不产肠毒素金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果显著高于产肠毒素金黄色葡萄球菌(P＜0.05).     

不同乳酸菌发酵剂对发酵红肠品质的影响

为研究乳酸菌发酵对红肠品质的影响,将发酵技术应用于本无发酵工艺的红肠制品中,筛选出能够提高红肠品质的乳酸菌发酵剂。分别将常应用于发酵肉制品的7 种商业乳酸菌发酵剂（木糖葡萄球菌＋戊糖片球菌（THM-17）、木糖葡萄球菌＋清酒乳杆菌＋类植物乳杆菌（PRO-MIX5）、木糖葡萄球菌＋肉葡萄球菌＋清酒乳杆菌（WBL-45）、木糖葡萄球菌＋戊糖片球菌＋植物乳杆菌（VHI-41）、木糖葡萄球菌＋戊糖片球菌＋植物乳杆菌（SHI-59）、肉葡萄球菌＋木糖葡萄球菌（WBX-43）和戊糖片球菌＋木糖葡萄球菌＋肉葡萄球菌＋乳酸片球菌（VBM-60））及8 种单菌（弯曲乳杆菌、戊糖乳杆菌、清酒乳杆菌-1、戊糖片球菌、木糖葡萄球菌、肉葡萄球菌、清酒乳杆菌-2、植物乳杆菌）以107 CFU/g的接种量接种至腌制后的肉馅中,拌馅灌肠后于35 ℃、80%湿度条件下发酵12 h,取样测定发酵后样品的乳酸菌数和细菌总数,再经干燥、蒸煮、烟熏、烘烤制得成品,测定其感官、pH值、色差、质构、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、生物胺及N-亚硝胺含量等指标。结果表明：15 种发酵剂中以木糖葡萄球菌和植物乳杆菌2 种乳酸菌发酵剂应用效果较好,所制得产品pH值分别为5.26和5.04,色泽美观,弹性适中,亚硝酸盐残留量（10.84、10.13 mg/kg）低,可显著抑制N-亚硝胺的形成（N-二甲基亚硝胺含量分别为1.29、2.51 μg/kg）,生物胺总量较低。由此说明,木糖葡萄球菌和植物乳杆菌能够显著提高红肠产品的安全品质。     

不同乳酸菌对椰子水饮料的发酵特性研究

以椰子水为原料,利用6株乳酸菌:发酵乳杆菌L20、面包乳杆菌32-2-2、短乳杆菌64-1、植物乳杆菌A33、嗜热链球菌IFFI6038和德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种CICC6045发酵椰子水制备饮料,分析测定发酵椰子水主要成分、抑菌活性和感官评价的变化。试验结果表明,发酵48 h时,面包乳杆菌32-2-2发酵椰子水饮料总酸含量最高,达10.85 g/L;植物乳杆菌A33发酵椰子水饮料pH值最低为3.1;德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种CICC6045发酵椰子水饮料还原糖含量最低为0.03 g/L;植物乳杆菌A33的抑菌谱最广;抑菌活性与pH值和乳酸含量呈显著相关性。植物乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌和德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种发酵椰子水感官评分较高。     

用于发酵肉中菌种的优选

根据肉制品发酵剂的基本要求,对植物乳杆菌(Lp)、干酪乳杆菌(Lc)、瑞士乳杆菌(Lh)、嗜热链球菌(St)、乳酸乳球菌(Pl)、嗜酸乳杆菌(La)和德氏乳杆菌(Ld))进行了优选试验.结果表明:当NaCl的浓度达到6%时,植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和德氏乳杆菌还能正常生长,当耐亚硝酸盐浓度达到150mg/kg时,植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌还能正常生长.但干酪乳杆菌的产酸性能要优于植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌,所有供试的乳酸菌都没产气、产氨、产H2S的性质,也没有分解蛋白质和脂肪的性质.     

培养基条件对表皮葡萄球菌和短乳杆菌繁殖的影响

引起真空包装腌萝卜干胖袋的产气菌为表皮葡萄球菌和短乳杆菌。试验研究了pH值、盐度、糖度和酒精浓度的培养基条件对表皮葡萄糖菌和短乳杆菌生长的影响。结果表明,pH≥5时表皮葡萄球菌繁殖比短乳杆菌快,但pH≤4.5时,短乳杆菌繁殖比表皮葡萄球菌快。pH≤2.5时,能完全抑制这两种菌的生长繁殖。表皮葡萄球菌在7%氯化钠下停止生长,短乳杆菌在9%氯化钠下停止生长。0.05%乙醇抑制短乳杆菌效果显著,继续增加乙醇浓度,抑制效果相对上升缓慢。乙醇抑制表皮葡萄球菌的效果不如短乳杆菌那样明显。低浓度乙醇不能完全抑制两种菌的生长。短乳杆菌对培养基无葡萄糖不敏感,表皮葡萄球菌比较敏感,但0.2%的葡萄糖就能使表皮葡萄球菌迅速繁殖。     

中温发酵乳菌株筛选及其发酵特性分析

采用德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种、唾液链球菌嗜热亚种和肠膜明串珠菌混合发酵制备中温(35℃)发酵酸乳制品。根据发酵乳的感官品质、黏度及持水力分析,筛选出菌株德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种L2、唾液链球菌嗜热亚种S8、肠膜明串珠菌乳脂亚种M4为发酵剂优组合,其最适宜的接种比例为33︰60︰7。此发酵剂35℃发酵5 h得到的中温发酵乳的感官品质和持水力优于普通发酵乳。三菌混合发酵对上述菌种的生长都有一定的促进作用,但发酵后期M4的生长受到一定抑制。三菌混合发酵乳中酸度主要是L2和S8发酵作用的结果。     

Relationship between fat depots in carcasses of beef bulls and effect on meat colour and tenderness

The growth and the effects of four species of staphylococci and six lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of the genus Carnobacterium, Lactobacillus and Pediococcus on unsaturated free fatty acids were studied. The strains were grown in complex medium supplemented either with oleic, linoleic or linolenic acids. Growth was followed and oxidation of the substrates measured by TBARS. The strains of Staphylococcus xylosus 873, 16, Staphylococcus warneri 863 and Staphylococcus saprophyticus grew well on all the substrates. Whereas, the growth of the two strains of Staphylococcus carnosus and Staphylococcus xylosus 831 was inhibited in the media with linolenic acid. The addition of manganese to this media allowed good growth of these strains. All the LAB did not grow well in the media with linoleic acid, but their growth was favoured by addition of manganese to the media. Under our conditions, only linoleic and linolenic acids were oxidised. All the strains had no prooxidant activity. All the staphylococci limited oxidation of linoleic acid and had a small effect on linolenic acid. LAB did not limit oxidation of linoleic acid. With manganese in the media: the oxidation of the sterile controls was delayed for 2 days and then increased; strains of S. carnosus and S. xylosus inhibited oxidation of linolenic acid; and Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus limited oxidation of linoleic acid. The two Carnobacterium, whatever the conditions, had no antioxidant properties.     

Effect of Commercial Starter Cultures on the Myofibrillar Proteins of Pastirma, a Turkish Dry Meat Product

ABSTRACT: The effect of 3 different commercial starter cultures ( Staphylococcus carnosus, Staphylococcus carnosus + Lactobocillus pentosus and Staphylococcus xylosus + Lactobacillus sakei ) on the myofibrillar proteins of pastirma was investigated. It was observed that using commercial starter cultures in pastirma manufacture had a significant effect on myofibrillar fragmentation. However, the effect of each starter culture on myofibrillar fragmentation in pastirma was different. Most of the changes in myofibrillar proteins were produced with S. carnosus + L. pentosus.     

木糖葡萄球菌和肉糖葡萄球菌的生理特性及其转化硝酸盐影响因素的研究

对普遍存在于发酵肉制品中具有硝酸还原酶活性的2种外源性木糖葡萄球菌和肉糖葡萄球菌的生理生化特性进行了鉴定,并研究了不同温度、pH、盐含量对两菌株及不同混合配比菌株生成亚硝酸盐量的影响。结果表明:两菌株均具有较强的耐盐性、耐亚硝性、耐硝酸盐性,且在30、40℃,pH6.5,2%NaCl时生成亚硝酸盐速率最快。生理生化等鉴定实验表明,木糖葡萄球菌和肉糖葡萄球菌可为发酵肉制品生产中的优良菌株选择和应用提供理论参考。     

肉葡萄球菌对香肠发色的影响

研究硝酸盐、异VC-Na和肉葡萄球菌冻干粉添加量以及保温温度和时间对香肠发色效果的影响,并进行贮藏实验。利用响应曲面法和单因素试验对肉葡萄球菌的发色条件进行优化,确定香肠最佳发色工艺条件：硝酸盐0．005％、异VC-Na0．01％、肉葡萄球菌冻干粉0．25％、保温温度30℃和保温时间3h;香肠贮藏两个月后菌落总数小于10CFU／g,表明香肠中添加肉葡萄球菌是安全的。结果表明,接种肉葡萄球菌并添加少量硝酸盐替代直接添加亚硝酸盐进行香肠发色是可行且安全的。     

应用于羊肉脱膻的三种发酵剂筛选及发酵特性研究

为筛选出适合发酵羊肉制品的优质发酵剂,对肉葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus carnosus）、植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）和戊糖片球菌（Pedicoccuspentosaceus）的发酵特性进行研究,通过耐盐、耐亚硝酸盐、产酸能力、蛋白质和脂肪分解能力、膻味脂肪酸降解能力、抑菌能力、菌种间拮抗作用等试验对其筛选。结果表明,三株菌对食盐和亚硝酸盐具有较好的耐受性,能在6%的食盐溶液和150 mg/L亚硝酸盐溶液中存活,具有一定产酸能力,除植物乳杆菌无脂肪酶活性,其他两株菌具有蛋白质和脂肪降解能力,膻味脂肪酸降解率可达60%～80%,能抑制病原微生物的生长,且三株菌间无拮抗作用,对羊肉制品的风味和品质无负面影响。因此肉葡萄球菌、植物乳杆菌和戊糖片球菌可进一步应用于发酵羊肉制品的生产和开发。     

风味咸鱼中乳酸菌和葡萄球菌的分离与鉴定

为优化咸鱼的加工工艺,对优质北海淡口咸鱼进行乳酸菌和葡萄球菌的分离和鉴定。分别采用MRS和MSA培养基,从咸鱼中分离出乳酸菌13 株和葡萄球菌10 株。经生理生化实验初筛出乳酸菌3 株、葡萄球菌两株。初步鉴定乳酸菌为戊糖片球菌,两株葡萄球菌分别为肉糖葡萄球菌和木糖葡萄球菌。     

Interactions of meat-associated bacteriocin-producing Lactobacilli with Listeria innocua under stringent sausage fermentation conditions

The kinetics of the antilisterial effect of meat-associated lactobacilli on Listeria innocua LMG 13568 were investigated during laboratory batch fermentations. During these fermentations, which were performed in a liquid meat simulation medium, a combination of process factors typical for European-style sausage fermentations was applied, such as a temperature of 20 degrees C and a representative pH and salting profile. Two bacteriocin-producing sausage isolates (Lactobacillus sakei CTC 494 and Lactobacillus curvatus LTH 1174), which have already proven efficacy in sausage trials, and one nonbacteriocinogenic, industrial strain (Lactobacillus sakei I), were evaluated. Staphylococcus carnosus 833 was included in the experiment because of its role in flavor and color development. When grown as a monoculture or upon cocultivation with L. sakei I and S. carnosus 833, L. innocua LMG 13568 developed slightly, despite the stress of low temperature, pH, lactic acid, salt, and nitrite. In contrast, when either of the bacteriocin producers was used, the L. innocua LMG 13568 population was rapidly inactivated with more than 3 log CFU ml(-1) after 2 days of fermentation. A bacteriocin-tolerant L. innocua LMG 13568 subpopulation (4 X 10(-4)) remained after bacteriocin inactivation. Thus, when the initial level of L. innocua LMG 13568 equaled 3 log CFU ml(-1), all cells were inactivated and no bacteriocin-tolerant cells were detected, even after 7 days of incubation. S. carnosus was not inactivated by the Lactobacillus bacteriocins and displayed slight growth.     

芹菜粉对天然中式香肠颜色影响及工艺优化的研究

天然中式发酵香肠是不添加人造着色成分、化学防腐剂或任何其他人造或合成成分的一种产品。本文以芹菜粉、产硝酸还原酶的木糖葡萄球菌和肉糖葡萄球菌作为天然配料,以中式香肠的红度值a和亚硝酸盐残留量为指标,通过单因素实验确定了四因素(接种量、菌种配比、发酵温度和发酵时间)的优工艺参数的基础上,采用正交实验L9(34)的方法,确定最优的发酵工艺参数条件为:A1B3C2D2,即发酵时间为30h,发酵温度为30℃,发酵菌株接种量为107cfu/g,发酵菌种配比采用木糖葡萄球菌:肉糖葡萄球菌=1:2。     

Growth characteristics of meat starter cultures

The Australian Code of Practice for manufacture of dry and semi-dry sausage (salami) states that fermentation temperatures must not exceed 25°C and that a pH of 5·2 must be achieved in the product within 48 h. In order to select the most appropriate starter cultures for fermentation, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Staphylococcus carnosus were characterised with respect to growth and acid production determined at constant pH (4·7, 5·5 and 6·3). L. plantarum and P. pentosaceus showed similar characteristics over the pH range studied while S. carnosus was sensitive to lower pH. Also, P. pentosaceus showed greater psychrotrophic growth without pH control than L. plantarum or S. carnosus. Salami made with P. pentosaceus maintained higher viable numbers in the product over 8 days than did L. plantarum. Growth of S. carnosus in salami could not be detected in the presence of the more pH-tolerant organisms. The growth of L. plantarum and P. pentosaceus did not prevent the development of high levels of non-starter flora, a factor that can be important in determining salami quality. However, the more psychrotrophic P. pentosaceus ensured a greater dominance of starter over non-starter flora.